Grammar parses for passage 3.7.4
Open translation for this passage
μετὰ δὲ Χάριλλον τελευτήσαντα Νίκανδρος ὁ Χαρίλλου διαδέχεται τὴν ἀρχήν·
Μετά + accusative temporal sequence; τελευτήσαντα is an accusative masculine singular aorist participle agreeing with Χάριλλον, while Νίκανδρος is the subject of διαδέχεται. The present tense is historical/present narrative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 3 Χάριλλον | case | high | With accusative, temporal meaning ‘after’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 διαδέχεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Χάριλλον | Χάριλλος | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | obj | high | Accusative object/subject of the participial temporal phrase. |
| 4 | τελευτήσαντα | τελευτάω | VERB | V-APA-MS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 διαδέχεται | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, agreeing with Χάριλλον; temporal subordinate participial clause. |
| 5 | Νίκανδρος | Νίκανδρος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διαδέχεται | nsubj | high | Subject of διαδέχεται. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Χαρίλλου | det | high | Article with the genitive patronymic phrase; syntactically linked to Χαρίλλου. |
| 7 | Χαρίλλου | Χάριλλος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Νίκανδρος | nmod | high | Genitive patronymic, ‘son/descendant of Charillus’; article-headed in surface form. |
| 8 | διαδέχεται | διαδέχομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Historical present; governs τὴν ἀρχήν. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀρχήν | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχήν. |
| 10 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 διαδέχεται | obj | high | Accusative object of διαδέχεται. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | punct | _ | 8 διαδέχεται | punct | high |
καὶ τὰ Μεσσηνίων ἐς Τήλεκλον τὸν τῆς ἑτέρας βασιλέα οἰκίας ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τῆς Λιμνάδος συμβάντα ἐπὶ Νικάνδρου γίνεται βασιλεύοντος.
The neuter plural subject τὰ ... συμβάντα is an accusative absolute-like substantival participial construction, with γίνεται as the matrix verb; ἐπὶ Νικάνδρου βασιλεύοντος is a genitive absolute temporal frame. The syntax of τὰ is elliptical/idiomatic and interpreted as ‘the events concerning the Messenians’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 γίνεται | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NPA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 συμβάντα | det | medium | Form is nominative/accusative neuter plural; treated as the substantivizing determiner for the participial subject. |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 συμβάντα | nmod | high | Genitive of reference/association with the event clause. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Τήλεκλον | case | high | |
| 5 | Τήλεκλον | Τήλεκλος | PROPN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 συμβάντα | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 βασιλέα | det | high | |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 οἰκίας | det | high | |
| 8 | ἑτέρας | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 οἰκίας | amod | high | |
| 9 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Τήλεκλον | appos | high | Appositional identification of Τήλεκλον. |
| 10 | οἰκίας | οἰκία | NOUN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 βασιλέα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλέα: king of the other house. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 13 ἱερῷ | case | high | |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἱερῷ | det | high | |
| 13 | ἱερῷ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 συμβάντα | obl | high | Location of the event. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Λιμνάδος | det | high | |
| 15 | Λιμνάδος | Λιμνάς | PROPN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἱερῷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερῷ. |
| 16 | συμβάντα | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-2AAP-NPA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 γίνεται | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural aorist participle, substantivized with τὰ; form could also be accusative, but nominative is taken as subject of γίνεται. |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 18 Νικάνδρου | case | high | |
| 18 | Νικάνδρου | Νίκανδρος | PROPN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 βασιλεύοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 19 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PPMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 γίνεται | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Νικάνδρου; ἐπί gives the temporal sense ‘under/during the reign of’. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 γίνεται | punct | high |
ἐσέβαλε δὲ καὶ ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα ὁ Νίκανδρος στρατιᾷ καὶ τὰ πολλὰ ἐκάκωσε τῆς χώρας·
The first verb takes ὁ Νίκανδρος as subject, στρατιᾷ as an instrumental dative, and ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα as directional complement; τὰ πολλὰ is an adverbial accusative (‘for the most part’), while τῆς χώρας is a partitive genitive with ἐκάκωσε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐσέβαλε | εἰσβάλλω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐσέβαλε | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐσέβαλε | cc | high | Coordinating/additive particle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Ἀργολίδα | case | high | Variant of εἰς. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀργολίδα | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀργολίδα | Ἀργολίς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐσέβαλε | obl | high | Directional accusative governed by ἐς. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Νίκανδρος | det | high | |
| 8 | Νίκανδρος | Νίκανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐσέβαλε | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐσέβαλε | obl | high | Instrumental/associative dative, ‘with an army’. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐκάκωσε | cc | high | Coordinates the second verb. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 πολλὰ | det | high | |
| 12 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐκάκωσε | obl | high | Substantivized neuter plural, adverbial accusative ‘for the most part’. |
| 13 | ἐκάκωσε | κακόω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἐσέβαλε | conj | high | Coordinated predicate with subject Νίκανδρος. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 χώρας | det | high | |
| 15 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐκάκωσε | obj | medium | Genitive of the affected whole/partitive genitive with ἐκάκωσε. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἐσέβαλε | punct | high |
μετασχόντες δὲ Ἀσιναῖοι Λακεδαιμονίοις τοῦ ἔργου δίκην μετʼ οὐ πολὺ Ἀργείοις ἀπέδοσαν σὺν μεγάλῳ πατρίδος τε ὀλέθρῳ καὶ φυγῇ τῇ σφετέρᾳ.
The participle μετασχόντες is circumstantial with Ἀσιναῖοι; δίκην is governed by ἀποδίδωμι in the idiom δίκην ἀποδιδόναι τινί τινος. The final σὺν phrase expresses the consequences accompanying the repayment; πατρίδος modifies ὀλέθρῳ, while τῇ σφετέρᾳ modifies φυγῇ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετασχόντες | μετέχω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 12 ἀπέδοσαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, subject controlled by Ἀσιναῖοι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἀπέδοσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀσιναῖοι | Ἀσιναῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 12 ἀπέδοσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέδοσαν. |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 7 δίκην | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary with δίκην ἀποδιδόναι. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 6 ἔργου | det | high | |
| 6 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 7 δίκην | nmod | high | Genitive of the matter/offense for which penalty is paid. |
| 7 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 12 ἀπέδοσαν | obj | high | Object in the idiom δίκην ἀποδιδόναι. |
| 8 | μετʼ | μετά | ADP | P-GEN | _ | 10 πολὺ | case | high | Elided μετά before οὐ πολλύ. |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Q | _ | 10 πολὺ | advmod | high | Negates πολὺ in the temporal phrase. |
| 10 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 12 ἀπέδοσαν | obl | high | Accusative temporal expression, μετʼ οὐ πολύ. |
| 11 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 12 ἀπέδοσαν | iobj | high | Recipient of ἀπέδοσαν. |
| 12 | ἀπέδοσαν | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P-DAT | _ | 17 ὀλέθρῳ | case | high | Introduces accompanying consequence. |
| 14 | μεγάλῳ | μέγας | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 17 ὀλέθρῳ | amod | high | Agrees with ὀλέθρῳ. |
| 15 | πατρίδος | πατρίς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 17 ὀλέθρῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὀλέθρῳ: destruction of the homeland. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ὀλέθρῳ | cc | high | Coordinates the first consequence with φυγῇ. |
| 17 | ὀλέθρῳ | ὄλεθρος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 ἀπέδοσαν | obl | high | Dative complement of σύν. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 φυγῇ | cc | high | Coordinates φυγῇ with ὀλέθρῳ. |
| 19 | φυγῇ | φυγή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 12 ἀπέδοσαν | obl | high | Second dative complement of σύν. |
| 20 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 19 φυγῇ | det | high | |
| 21 | σφετέρᾳ | σφέτερος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|Person=3|Poss=Yes | 19 φυγῇ | amod | high | Possessive adjective modifying φυγῇ. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀπέδοσαν | punct | high |