Grammar parses for passage 3.9.10
Open translation for this passage
ἐπηγάγοντο οὖν οἱ Λοκροὶ συμμάχους Θηβαίους καὶ τὴν Φωκίδα ἐπόρθησαν·
The first verb is aorist middle with Θηβαίους as its object and συμμάχους as a predicative/object-complement noun; the second verb coordinates a transitive clause with τὴν Φωκίδα as object. The subject οἱ Λοκροί is shared.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπηγάγοντο | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-3P-AIM | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | Polarity=Pos | 1 ἐπηγάγοντο | advmod | high | Inferential connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Λοκροὶ | det | high | |
| 4 | Λοκροὶ | Λοκρός | PROPN | N--NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπηγάγοντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | συμμάχους | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N--AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπηγάγοντο | obj | medium | Accusative object complement/predicative noun, agreeing with Θηβαίους. |
| 6 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N--AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπηγάγοντο | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπηγάγοντο. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐπόρθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the two finite clauses. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P---AF-S- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Φωκίδα | det | high | |
| 9 | Φωκίδα | Φωκίς | PROPN | N--AF-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπόρθησαν | obj | high | The region Phocis. |
| 10 | ἐπόρθησαν | πορθέω | VERB | V-3P-AAI | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 1 ἐπηγάγοντο | conj | high | Shares the subject Λοκροί with the first clause. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπηγάγοντο | punct | high |
ἐς δὲ τὴν Λακεδαίμονα ἐλθόντες οἱ Φωκεῖς τοῖς Θηβαίοις ἐπέκειντο καὶ ἐδίδασκον οἷα ἐπεπόνθεσαν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν.
The participle ἐλθόντες is an adverbial adjunct with subject οἱ Φωκεῖς; οἷα ἐπεπόνθεσαν is the content clause governed by ἐδίδασκον, with ὑπʼ αὐτῶν marking the agents of the suffering.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 Λακεδαίμονα | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐπέκειντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Λακεδαίμονα | det | high | |
| 4 | Λακεδαίμονα | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπέκειντο | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 5 | ἐλθόντες | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπέκειντο | advcl | high | Aorist participle, temporally prior to the main action. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Φωκεῖς | det | high | |
| 7 | Φωκεῖς | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπέκειντο | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Θηβαίοις | det | high | |
| 9 | Θηβαίοις | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπέκειντο | obl | high | Dative with ἐπέκειντο, adversarially assailing or pressing upon. |
| 10 | ἐπέκειντο | ἐπίκειμαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinates with ἐδίδασκον. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐδίδασκον | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐδίδασκον | διδάσκω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπέκειντο | conj | high | Coordinated imperfect verb; object clause follows. |
| 13 | οἷα | οἷος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἐπεπόνθεσαν | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘what things’; modifies the following experiential verb as its object. |
| 14 | ἐπεπόνθεσαν | πάσχω | VERB | V-LIA-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 12 ἐδίδασκον | ccomp | high | Perfect pluperfect-form ambiguity in traditional terminology; here treated as pluperfect indicative in context. |
| 15 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 16 αὐτῶν | case | high | Elided form before vowel. |
| 16 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 14 ἐπεπόνθεσαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive-like verb πάσχω construction. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπέκειντο | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ πόλεμον πρὸς Θηβαίους ἔδοξεν ἄρασθαι· ἐποιοῦντο δὲ ἐς αὐτοὺς καὶ ἄλλα ἐγκλήματα καὶ τὴν ἐν Αὐλίδι αὐτῶν ὕβριν ἐς τὴν Ἀγησιλάου θυσίαν.
Two coordinated clauses: ἔδοξεν is impersonal with dative experiencer Λακεδαιμονίοις and infinitival complement; ἐποιοῦντο governs coordinated accusative charges, with ὕβριν modified by the locative ἐν phrase and a second ἐς phrase marking the object of the outrage. The antecedent of αὐτῶν is Θηβαίους; αὐτούς is the same accusative plural referent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἔδοξεν | iobj | high | Dative experiencer/agent with impersonal ἔδοξεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 3 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἄρασθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἄρασθαι. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R- | _ | 5 Θηβαίους | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-AP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 πόλεμον | nmod | high | Object of πρὸς, specifying the opposing party. |
| 6 | ἔδοξεν | δοκέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal aorist, with infinitival complement. |
| 7 | ἄρασθαι | αἴρω | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 ἔδοξεν | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, ‘undertake/raise’ a war. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔδοξεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the second clause; subject is understood Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 12 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 12 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 15 ἐγκλήματα | obl | medium | Likely target/addressee of the charges; αὐτός is syntactically personal here. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 14 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative objects. |
| 14 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἐγκλήματα | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἐγκλήματα. |
| 15 | ἐγκλήματα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | obj | high | First coordinated accusative object of ἐποιοῦντο. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 21 ὕβριν | cc | high | Coordinates ὕβριν with ἐγκλήματα. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὕβριν | det | high | |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 19 Αὐλίδι | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 19 | Αὐλίδι | Αὐλίς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὕβριν | nmod | high | Locative specification of the outrage. |
| 20 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 21 ὕβριν | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive, referring to the Thebans. |
| 21 | ὕβριν | ὕβρις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | conj | high | Second coordinated accusative object of ἐποιοῦντο. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 25 θυσίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 23 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 θυσίαν | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἀγησιλάου | Ἀγησίλαος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 θυσίαν | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive modifying θυσίαν. |
| 25 | θυσίαν | θυσία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὕβριν | obl | high | Object of ἐς within the phrase specifying the outrage. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | punct | high |