Grammar parses for passage 3.9.9
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ ἐς τὸ φανερὸν τοῦ πολέμου παρασχόντες τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐγένοντο οἱ ἐξ Ἀμφίσσης Λοκροί.
The sentence has a postponed/parenthetical participial description: οἱ ... παρασχόντες τὴν ἀρχήν modifies the subject Λοκροί; ἐγένοντο is the finite root.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | article-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Λοκροί | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 15 Λοκροί | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | prep | _ | 5 φανερὸν | case | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | article-NSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 φανερὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | φανερὸν | φανερός | ADJ | adjective-NSA | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 παρασχόντες | obl | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the open/public sphere’; governed by ἐς. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | article-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 7 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | noun-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 φανερὸν | nmod | high | |
| 8 | παρασχόντες | παρέχω | VERB | verb-AAP-NMP | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐγένοντο | acl | medium | Aorist active participle; semantic relation to the subject is participial modification. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | article-ASA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | noun-ASA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 παρασχόντες | obj | high | |
| 11 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | verb-2AMI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate ‘became/were’; middle morphology. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | article-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Λοκροί | det | high | |
| 13 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | prep | _ | 14 Ἀμφίσσης | case | high | |
| 14 | Ἀμφίσσης | Ἄμφισσα | PROPN | proper-noun-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Λοκροί | nmod | high | Place-name in the genitive after ἐξ. |
| 15 | Λοκροί | Λοκρός | PROPN | proper-noun-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name functioning as the subject. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐγένοντο | punct | high |
τοῖς γὰρ δὴ Λοκροῖς γῆ πρὸς τοὺς Φωκέας ἐτύγχανεν οὖσα ἀμφισβητήσιμος γῆ · ἐκ ταύτης ὑπὸ Θηβαίων ἐπαρθέντες τῶν περὶ Ἰσμηνίαν τόν τε σῖτον ἀκμάζοντα ἔτεμον καὶ ἤλασαν λείαν ἄγοντες·
The first clause has γῆ as subject with ἐτύγχανεν οὖσα and ἀμφισβητήσιμος as predicate adjective; in the second clause ἐπαρθέντες is a circumstantial participle with understood Locrian subject, while Θηβαίων is the agent of the passive participle and τῶν περὶ Ἰσμηνίαν identifies the Thebans.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | R-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Λοκροῖς | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G- | _ | 9 ἐτύγχανεν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G- | _ | 9 ἐτύγχανεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Λοκροῖς | Λοκρός | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐτύγχανεν | iobj | high | Dative of possession/interest. |
| 5 | γῆ | γῆ | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐτύγχανεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 8 Φωκέας | case | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | R-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Φωκέας | det | high | |
| 8 | Φωκέας | Φωκεύς | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀμφισβητήσιμος | obl | high | Object of πρὸς with relational ἀμφισβητήσιμος. |
| 9 | ἐτύγχανεν | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | οὖσα | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐτύγχανεν | xcomp | high | Predicative participle with ἐτύγχανεν. |
| 11 | ἀμφισβητήσιμος | ἀμφισβητήσιμος | ADJ | A-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 οὖσα | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective. |
| 12 | γῆ | γῆ | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀμφισβητήσιμος | appos | medium | Repetition/appositional restatement of the subject γῆ; possibly an orthographic or textual duplication. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐτύγχανεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 15 ταύτης | case | high | |
| 15 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | D-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 18 ἐπαρθέντες | obl | high | Source/starting-point complement of ἐπαρθέντες. |
| 16 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 17 Θηβαίων | case | high | |
| 17 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπαρθέντες | obl:agent | high | |
| 18 | ἐπαρθέντες | ἐπαίρω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 26 ἔτεμον | advcl | high | Circumstantial passive participle; understood subject is the Locrians. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | R-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 περὶ | det | high | |
| 20 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | _ | 21 Ἰσμηνίαν | case | high | Introduces an identifying phrase. |
| 21 | Ἰσμηνίαν | Ἰσμηνίας | PROPN | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Θηβαίων | nmod | medium | Person named Ismenias; τῶν περὶ Ἰσμηνίαν identifies the Thebans. |
| 22 | τόν | ὁ | DET | R-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 σῖτον | det | high | |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G- | _ | 26 ἔτεμον | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 24 | σῖτον | σῖτος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἔτεμον | obj | high | |
| 25 | ἀκμάζοντα | ἀκμάζω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 σῖτον | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying σῖτον. |
| 26 | ἔτεμον | τέμνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinated with ἤλασαν; second finite root after punctuation. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G- | _ | 28 ἤλασαν | cc | high | |
| 28 | ἤλασαν | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 26 ἔτεμον | conj | high | |
| 29 | λείαν | λεία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἤλασαν | obj | high | |
| 30 | ἄγοντες | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 ἤλασαν | advcl | high | Accompanying participle, sharing the subject of ἤλασαν. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἤλασαν | punct | high |
ἐνέβαλον δὲ πανδημεὶ καὶ οἱ Φωκεῖς ἐς τὴν Λοκρίδα καὶ ἐδῄωσαν τὴν χώραν.
The coordinated verbs share the subject οἱ Φωκεῖς; πανδημεί modifies the first verb, and both ἐς/εἰς phrases mark the direction or object of attack. The aorist form ἐνέβαλον is morphologically ambiguous in isolation but is plural here.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνέβαλον | ἐμβάλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Third-person plural aorist indicative in context. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐνέβαλον | cc | high | |
| 3 | πανδημεὶ | πανδημεί | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐνέβαλον | advmod | high | Adverbial expression, ‘with the whole people/entirely en masse’. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinates the subject phrase οἱ Φωκεῖς with the preceding understood subject. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Φωκεῖς | det | high | |
| 6 | Φωκεῖς | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐνέβαλον | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Λοκρίδα | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Λοκρίδα | det | high | |
| 9 | Λοκρίδα | Λοκρίς | PROPN | N----ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐνέβαλον | obl | high | Accusative after ἐς; geographic proper name. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐδῄωσαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second verb with ἐνέβαλον. |
| 11 | ἐδῄωσαν | δηιόω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἐνέβαλον | conj | high | Coordinated third-person plural aorist indicative. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 χώραν | det | high | |
| 13 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N----ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐδῄωσαν | obj | high | |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐνέβαλον | punct | high |