Grammar parses for passage 3.9.8
Open translation for this passage
οὗτος ὡς ἀφίκετο ἐς Σάρδεις, αὐτίκα ἐπενόει τρόπον ᾧ τινι ἀναγκάσει Λακεδαιμονίους τὴν ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας ἀνακαλέσασθαι στρατιάν.
The syntax is interpreted as ‘he immediately considered a way by which he would compel the Lacedaemonians to recall the army from Asia’; ᾧ τινι is an instrumental dative relative phrase, and ἀναγκάσει is taken as future indicative in the relative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----ns- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 ἐπενόει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἀφίκετο | mark | high | Temporal ὡς introducing the anterior subordinate clause. |
| 3 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Med | 8 ἐπενόει | advcl | high | |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Σάρδεις | case | high | |
| 5 | Σάρδεις | Σάρδεις | PROPN | Ne----ap- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 3 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Plural place-name form. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 7 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 ἐπενόει | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐπενόει | ἐπινοέω | VERB | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | Nb----ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπενόει | obj | high | Object of ἐπενόει, with a following relative clause specifying the means. |
| 10 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | Pr----md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 12 ἀναγκάσει | obl | medium | Relative dative, likely instrumental/means with ἀναγκάσει. |
| 11 | τινι | τις | PRON | Pi----md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 12 ἀναγκάσει | det | high | Indefinite determiner modifying ἀναγκάσει. |
| 12 | ἀναγκάσει | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V3SFAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 9 τρόπον | acl:relcl | medium | Finite verb in the relative clause; the dative phrase ᾧ τινι is instrumental. Some analyses may construe the form as future indicative in indirect dependency. |
| 13 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Nb----ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=人|Number=Plur | 12 ἀναγκάσει | obj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive ἀνακαλέσασθαι. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----af- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 στρατιάν | det | high | |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Ἀσίας | case | high | |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S----gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Ἀσίας | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἀσίας | Ἀσία | PROPN | Nb----gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 19 στρατιάν | obl | high | |
| 18 | ἀνακαλέσασθαι | ἀνακαλέω | VERB | V--AMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Med | 12 ἀναγκάσει | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἀναγκάσει. |
| 19 | στρατιάν | στρατιά | NOUN | Nb----fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀνακαλέσασθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀνακαλέσασθαι; τὴν agrees with it. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπενόει | punct | high |
ἄνδρα οὖν Ῥόδιον Τιμοκράτην ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα πέμπει χρήματα ἄγοντα, ἐντειλάμενος πόλεμον ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἐργάσασθαι Λακεδαιμονίοις.
Accusative ἄνδρα Τιμοκράτην is the object of πέμπει; ἄγοντα agrees with it. ἐντειλάμενος is a circumstantial aorist participle with πόλεμον ἐργάσασθαι as its infinitival command/content clause; Λακεδαιμονίοις is the dative of interest/adversary with ἐργάσασθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πέμπει | obj | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 πέμπει | discourse | high | Consecutive/discourse connective; UD relation interpreted as discourse. |
| 3 | Ῥόδιον | Ῥόδιος | ADJ | AASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Τιμοκράτην | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used attributively. |
| 4 | Τιμοκράτην | Τιμοκράτης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἄνδρα | appos | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 7 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πέμπει | obl | high | Goal with εἰς. |
| 8 | πέμπει | πέμπω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἄγοντα | obj | high | Object of ἄγοντα. |
| 10 | ἄγοντα | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἄνδρα | acl | high | Participial adjunct agreeing with ἄνδρα/Τιμοκράτην. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 πέμπει | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐντειλάμενος | ἐντέλλομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 πέμπει | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle; subject is the understood subject of πέμπει. |
| 13 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐργάσασθαι | obj | high | Object of ἐργάσασθαι. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 16 Ἑλλάδι | case | high | |
| 15 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Ἑλλάδι | det | high | |
| 16 | Ἑλλάδι | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐργάσασθαι | obl | high | Locative setting with ἐν. |
| 17 | ἐργάσασθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐντειλάμενος | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ἐντειλάμενος; content of the instruction. |
| 18 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐργάσασθαι | obl | medium | Dative of adversary/interest with πόλεμον ἐργάσασθαι; could alternatively be attached to ἐντειλάμενος as the recipient. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 πέμπει | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ τῶν χρημάτων μεταλαβόντες Ἀργείων μὲν Κύλων τε εἶναι λέγονται καὶ Σωδάμας, ἐν Θήβαις δὲ Ἀνδροκλείδης καὶ Ἰσμηνίας καὶ Ἀμφίθεμις· μετέσχε δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναῖος Κέφαλος καὶ Ἐπικράτης.
The sentence has a coordinated report: οἱ ... μεταλαβόντες is the subject of λέγονται, with εἶναι and coordinated personal names in a genitive-partitive/attributive construction; the final clause adds Κέφαλος as another participant. The exact attachment of the genitive names and the participle is somewhat compressed and marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 μεταλαβόντες | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 λέγονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----NG-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 χρημάτων | det | high | |
| 4 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N----GN-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 μεταλαβόντες | obl | high | Genitive with μεταλαμβάνω, ‘partake of the funds’. |
| 5 | μεταλαβόντες | μεταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 λέγονται | nsubj | medium | Aorist participle functioning as the subject/participant description of λέγονται. |
| 6 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A----GN-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Κύλων | nmod | medium | Genitive ethnic designation, compressed with the following names. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 8 Κύλων | discourse | high | |
| 8 | Κύλων | Κύλων | PROPN | N---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Name in the infinitival predicate construction; form is nominative. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 Σωδάμας | cc | medium | Connects the first name with Σωδάμας. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 λέγονται | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on λέγονται. |
| 11 | λέγονται | λέγω | VERB | V-PPM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive ‘are said/reported’. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 Σωδάμας | cc | high | |
| 13 | Σωδάμας | Σωδάμας | PROPN | N---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Coordinated name in the εἶναι construction. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 λέγονται | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Θήβαις | case | high | |
| 16 | Θήβαις | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N---ID-P | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 Ἀνδροκλείδης | obl | high | Locative plural after ἐν; conventionally also analyzable as dative. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 Ἀνδροκλείδης | cc | high | |
| 18 | Ἀνδροκλείδης | Ἀνδροκλείδης | PROPN | N---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λέγονται | conj | medium | First name in the second coordinated group; understood as part of the reported identification. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 Ἰσμηνίας | cc | high | |
| 20 | Ἰσμηνίας | Ἰσμηνίας | PROPN | N---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀνδροκλείδης | conj | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 Ἀμφίθεμις | cc | high | |
| 22 | Ἀμφίθεμις | Ἀμφίθεμις | PROPN | N---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀνδροκλείδης | conj | high | |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 λέγονται | punct | high | |
| 24 | μετέσχε | μετέχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | New coordinated clause; singular subject follows. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 μετέσχε | cc | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 Κέφαλος | cc | high | Introduces the additional participant. |
| 27 | Ἀθηναῖος | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A--NSM-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Κέφαλος | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used attributively with Κέφαλος. |
| 28 | Κέφαλος | Κέφαλος | PROPN | N---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 μετέσχε | nsubj | high | |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 Ἐπικράτης | cc | high | |
| 30 | Ἐπικράτης | Ἐπικράτης | PROPN | N---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Κέφαλος | conj | high | Second coordinated subject of μετέσχε; singular verb may be distributive or reflect compressed coordination. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 μετέσχε | punct | high |
καὶ ὅσοι Κορινθίων ἐφρόνουν τὰ Ἀργείων Πολυάνθης τε καὶ Τιμόλαος.
The sentence is syntactically compressed: ὅσοι Κορινθίων ἐφρόνουν τὰ Ἀργείων forms a relative/indefinite group, followed by the named individuals Πολυάνθης τε καὶ Τιμόλαος; the coordination and ellipsis make root attachment somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Τιμόλαος | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | AP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐφρόνουν | nsubj | high | Indefinite relative pronoun, subject of ἐφρόνουν. |
| 3 | Κορινθίων | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ὅσοι | nmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐφρόνουν | φρονέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 Τιμόλαος | conj | high | Finite verb in a coordinated nominal clause. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 Ἀργείων | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐφρόνουν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the substantivized neuter plural τὰ, indicating the Argive affairs/interests. |
| 7 | Πολυάνθης | Πολυάνθης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Τιμόλαος | nsubj | high | Personal name; nominative subject of the coordinated clause. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Πολυάνθης | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator linking the two personal names. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CCONJ | _ | 10 Τιμόλαος | cc | high | |
| 10 | Τιμόλαος | Τιμόλαος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Likely root of an elliptical nominal/participial continuation; coordinates with Πολυάνθης, while ἐφρόνουν supplies the preceding finite clause. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 Τιμόλαος | punct | high |