Grammar parses for passage 3.9.12
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ὁ κληθεὶς Κορινθιακὸς πόλεμος ἐς πλέον ἀεὶ προῆλθεν ἀπὸ τῆς Λακεδαιμονίων ἀρξάμενος ἐς Βοιωτίαν ἐξόδου.
The participle κληθείς modifies πόλεμος; ἀρξάμενος is a circumstantial middle participle, with ἀπὸ τῆς ... ἐξόδου specifying the starting point and ἐς Βοιωτίαν the endpoint. πλέον is an adverbial comparative meaning ‘further/more extensively’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 προῆλθεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πόλεμος | det | high | |
| 3 | κληθεὶς | καλέω | VERB | V-APP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 5 πόλεμος | acl | high | Aorist passive participle, ‘called/named’. |
| 4 | Κορινθιακὸς | Κορινθιακός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πόλεμος | amod | high | |
| 5 | πόλεμος | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 προῆλθεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 πλέον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 7 | πλέον | πλείων | ADV | A-NSN | Degree=Cmp | 9 προῆλθεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial neuter comparative. |
| 8 | ἀεὶ | ἀεί | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 προῆλθεν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | προῆλθεν | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐξόδου | det | high | |
| 12 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐξόδου | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, ‘of the Lacedaemonians’. |
| 13 | ἀρξάμενος | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V-AMS-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 9 προῆλθεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, ‘having begun’; subject is πόλεμος. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 Βοιωτίαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 15 | Βοιωτίαν | Βοιωτία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀρξάμενος | obl | high | Endpoint of ἀρξάμενος. |
| 16 | ἐξόδου | ἔξοδος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀρξάμενος | obl | high | Object of ἀπό; the genitive phrase denotes the starting point. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 προῆλθεν | punct | high |
κατὰ ταύτην μὲν δὴ τὴν ἀνάγκην ὀπίσω τὸ στράτευμα ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας ἀπῆγεν Ἀγησίλαος·
The verb ἀπῆγεν governs the accusative object τὸ στράτευμα; κατὰ ταύτην μὲν δὴ τὴν ἀνάγκην is an adverbial accusative phrase, and ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας marks the army’s origin.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 6 ἀνάγκην | case | high | |
| 2 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | PD--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 ἀνάγκην | det | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 ἀνάγκην | discourse | high | |
| 4 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 6 ἀνάγκην | discourse | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἀνάγκην | det | high | |
| 6 | ἀνάγκην | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N-AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπῆγεν | obl | high | κατὰ ἀνάγκην: adverbial accusative phrase, ‘under this necessity’. |
| 7 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 ἀπῆγεν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 στράτευμα | det | high | |
| 9 | στράτευμα | στράτευμα | NOUN | N-ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπῆγεν | obj | high | |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 12 Ἀσίας | case | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T----GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ἀσίας | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀσίας | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 στράτευμα | nmod | high | ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας modifies the army’s point of departure. |
| 13 | ἀπῆγεν | ἀπάγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | Ἀγησίλαος | Ἀγησίλαος | PROPN | N-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπῆγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀπῆγεν | punct | high |
ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐξ Ἀβύδου περαιωθεὶς ναυσὶν ἐς Σηστὸν καὶ διεξελθὼν τὴν Θρᾴκην ἀφίκετο ἐς Θεσσαλίαν, ἐνταῦθα οἱ Θεσσαλοὶ χάριτι τῇ ἐς Θηβαίους τοῦ πρόσω τὸν Ἀγησίλαον ἐπειρῶντο εἴργειν·
The opening participles περαιωθείς and διεξελθών share the subject of ἀφίκετο; μετά the arrival clause, ἐπειρῶντο εἴργειν forms a coordinated finite clause, with χάριτι τῇ ἐς Θηβαίους and τοῦ πρόσω functioning as motive/specifying modifiers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἀφίκετο | mark | high | Temporal/subordinating conjunction introducing the circumstantial clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 4 Ἀβύδου | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀβύδου. |
| 4 | Ἀβύδου | Ἄβυδος | PROPN | N----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 περαιωθεὶς | obl | high | Genitive of origin/source. |
| 5 | περαιωθεὶς | περαιόω | VERB | V-APP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 ἀφίκετο | advcl | high | Aorist passive participle, agreeing with the implicit subject of ἀφίκετο. |
| 6 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 περαιωθεὶς | obl | high | Means/instrumental dative with περαιωθείς. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | Case=Acc | 8 Σηστὸν | case | high | Preposition governing Σηστόν. |
| 8 | Σηστὸν | Σηστός | PROPN | N----AS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 περαιωθεὶς | obl | high | Goal of crossing. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 διεξελθὼν | cc | high | Coordinates the participial clauses. |
| 10 | διεξελθὼν | διεξέρχομαι | VERB | V-APP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀφίκετο | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, sharing the subject of ἀφίκετο. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Θρᾴκην | det | high | Article modifying Θρᾴκην. |
| 12 | Θρᾴκην | Θρᾴκη | PROPN | N----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 διεξελθὼν | obj | high | Object of διεξελθών. |
| 13 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2ADI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | Case=Acc | 15 Θεσσαλίαν | case | high | Preposition governing Θεσσαλίαν. |
| 15 | Θεσσαλίαν | Θεσσαλία | PROPN | N----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Goal/location of arrival. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Comma. |
| 17 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 28 ἐπειρῶντο | advmod | high | Locative adverb, 'there'. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Θεσσαλοὶ | det | high | Article modifying Θεσσαλοί. |
| 19 | Θεσσαλοὶ | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπειρῶντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπειρῶντο. |
| 20 | χάριτι | χάρις | NOUN | N----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐπειρῶντο | obl | high | Dative of motive or consideration. |
| 21 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 χάριτι | det | high | Article modifying χάριτι. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | Case=Acc | 23 Θηβαίους | case | high | Preposition governing Θηβαίους. |
| 23 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 χάριτι | nmod | medium | Prepositional modifier specifying the object of χάρις: favor toward the Thebans. |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 πρόσω | det | high | Article substantivizing πρόσω. |
| 25 | πρόσω | πρόσω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 28 ἐπειρῶντο | advmod | medium | Adverbial expression with τοῦ, meaning farther onward/forward. |
| 26 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 Ἀγησίλαον | det | high | Article modifying Ἀγησίλαον. |
| 27 | Ἀγησίλαον | Ἀγησίλαος | PROPN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 εἴργειν | obj | high | Object of εἴργειν. |
| 28 | ἐπειρῶντο | πειράω | VERB | V-PII-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 13 ἀφίκετο | parataxis | high | Finite verb of the second coordinated clause; subject Θεσσαλοί. |
| 29 | εἴργειν | εἴργω | VERB | V-PAN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 28 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἐπειρῶντο. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἦν δέ τι εὐνοίας ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ ἐς τὴν πόλιν αὐτοῖς τὴν Ἀθηναίων.
The sentence is elliptical: εὐνοίας is a genitive noun under existential ἦν, while τὴν Ἀθηναίων likely represents an elliptical ethnic qualifier for πόλιν (τὴν [πόλιν] Ἀθηναίων).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect copula; existential construction. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τι | τις | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 4 εὐνοίας | det | medium | Indefinite neuter nominative, substantivizing εὐνοίας phrase. |
| 4 | εὐνοίας | εὔνοια | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Genitive of kind/content with existential ἦν; syntactic analysis is somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 παλαιοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing παλαιοῦ. |
| 6 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 εὐνοίας | nmod | medium | Substantivized neuter genitive, ‘from of old’; ellipsis of χρόνου is possible. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐς | cc | medium | Coordinates the second prepositional phrase with ἐκ παλαιοῦ. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 πόλιν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς; governs τὴν πόλιν. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πόλιν | det | high | Article agreeing with πόλιν. |
| 10 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 εὐνοίας | obl | high | Object of ἐς; phrase expresses orientation toward the city. |
| 11 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 εὐνοίας | iobj | medium | Dative of relation/beneficiary, ‘toward them’; antecedent is contextual. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | Article belonging to the ethnic genitive phrase. |
| 13 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πόλιν | nmod | medium | Genitive plural ethnic noun; τὴν Ἀθηναίων is substantival/elliptical, likely qualifying πόλιν. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |