Grammar parses for passage 3.9.6
Open translation for this passage
γενομένης δὲ πρὸς Τισσαφέρνην σατράπην τῶν περὶ Ἰωνίαν μάχης ἐν Ἕρμου πεδίῳ τήν τε ἵππον τῶν Περσῶν ἐνίκησεν ὁ Ἀγησίλαος καὶ τὸ πεζὸν τότε πλεῖστον ἀθροισθὲν μετά γε τὸν Ξέρξου καὶ πρότερον ἔτι ἐπὶ Σκύθας Δαρείου καὶ ἐπὶ Ἀθήνας στρατόν.
Genitive absolute γενομένης ... μάχης sets the temporal scene; ἐνίκησεν coordinates two objects, τήν τε ἵππον and τὸ πεζόν. The final accusative στρατόν is appositional/partitive specification of πεζόν, with relatives/comparatives compressed; attachment of μετά and the historical comparanda is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AAM-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 ἐνίκησεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 γενομένης | cc | high | |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Τισσαφέρνην | case | high | |
| 4 | Τισσαφέρνην | Τισσαφέρνης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γενομένης | obl | high | Name; accusative after πρός. |
| 5 | σατράπην | σατράπης | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Τισσαφέρνην | appos | high | Apposition to Tissaphernes. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 περὶ | det | high | |
| 7 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἰωνίαν | case | high | |
| 8 | Ἰωνίαν | Ἰωνία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μάχης | obl | high | Accusative after περί. |
| 9 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γενομένης | nmod | high | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 πεδίῳ | case | high | |
| 11 | Ἕρμου | Ἕρμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 πεδίῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πεδίῳ. |
| 12 | πεδίῳ | πεδίον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 μάχης | obl | high | Location of the battle. |
| 13 | τήν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἵππον | det | high | |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἵππον | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 15 | ἵππον | ἵππος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐνίκησεν | obj | high | First coordinated object. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Περσῶν | det | high | |
| 17 | Περσῶν | Πέρσης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἵππον | nmod | high | Possessive/source genitive. |
| 18 | ἐνίκησεν | νικάω | VERB | V-3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀγησίλαος | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἀγησίλαος | Ἀγησίλαος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐνίκησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 πεζὸν | cc | medium | Coordinates the second object. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 πεζὸν | det | high | |
| 23 | πεζὸν | πεζός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐνίκησεν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective; second coordinated object. |
| 24 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἀθροισθὲν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb; form is indeclinable despite inherited tagging conventions. |
| 25 | πλεῖστον | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASNS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἀθροισθὲν | advmod | high | Superlative adjective/adverbial accusative modifying πεζόν/ἀθροισθέν; exact scope uncertain. |
| 26 | ἀθροισθὲν | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-SAPP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 23 πεζὸν | acl | high | Participial modifier of substantivized πεζόν. |
| 27 | μετά | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 29 τὸν | case | medium | Preposition with accusative; broader attachment in the compressed comparison is uncertain. |
| 28 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 27 μετά | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 29 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 Ξέρξου | det | high | |
| 30 | Ξέρξου | Ξέρξης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 στρατόν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the historical army comparison. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 πρότερον | cc | high | Coordinates πρότερον with μετά γε ... construction. |
| 32 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 40 στρατόν | advmod | high | Comparative temporal adverb. |
| 33 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 32 πρότερον | advmod | high | Further temporal modifier. |
| 34 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 35 Σκύθας | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 35 | Σκύθας | Σκύθης | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 40 στρατόν | obl | high | Accusative after ἐπί; target of campaign. |
| 36 | Δαρείου | Δαρεῖος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 στρατόν | nmod | high | Possessive/agentive genitive with the Scythian campaign. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 ἐπὶ | cc | high | Coordinates the two ἐπί phrases. |
| 38 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 39 Ἀθήνας | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 39 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 40 στρατόν | obl | high | Accusative after ἐπί; target of campaign. |
| 40 | στρατόν | στρατός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 πεζὸν | appos | high | Appositional specification of πεζόν, with preceding historical comparisons modifying the army reference. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐνίκησεν | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἀγασθέντες τὸ ἐς τὰ πράγματα τοῦ Ἀγησιλάου πρόθυμον διδόασιν ἄρχοντα εἶναι καὶ τῶν νεῶν αὐτῷ.
The sentence contains a compressed command/assignment construction: the Spartans grant Agesilaus an eager disposition toward affairs and make him commander, with the final genitives expressing command of the ships assigned to him; attachment of εἶναι and the elliptical naval phrase is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | -------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 διδόασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 11 διδόασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀγασθέντες | ἀγάομαι | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 διδόασιν | advcl | medium | Aorist passive participle, circumstantial: 'having admired'. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 πρόθυμον | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 7 πράγματα | case | high | |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 πράγματα | det | high | |
| 7 | πράγματα | πρᾶγμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 πρόθυμον | obl | high | Object of ἐς in the substantivized expression. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀγησιλάου | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀγησιλάου | Ἀγησίλαος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πράγματα | nmod | high | Possessive/relational genitive modifying πράγματα. |
| 10 | πρόθυμον | πρόθυμος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἄρχοντα | xcomp | medium | Neuter adjective substantivized with τὸ; predicate complement of εἶναι. |
| 11 | διδόασιν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἄρχοντα | ἄρχων | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 διδόασιν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι; coordinated with the following genitive naval command construction. |
| 13 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PXN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἄρχοντα | acl | medium | Infinitive in the object/complement construction after δίδωμι; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 16 νεῶν | cc | medium | Coordinates the second command-related complement. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 νεῶν | det | high | |
| 16 | νεῶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἄρχοντα | nmod | medium | Genitive of the ships, coordinated semantically with ἄρχοντα εἶναι; elliptical command over the ships. |
| 17 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 16 νεῶν | nmod | medium | Dative referring to Agesilaus, expressing assignment/possession with the naval command. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 διδόασιν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ ταῖς μὲν τριήρεσιν ἐπέστησεν ἡγεμόνα Πείσανδρον---τοῦ Πεισάνδρου δὲ ἐτύγχανε συνοικῶν ἀδελφῇ---, τῷ πολέμῳ δὲ αὐτὸς κατὰ γῆν προσεῖχεν ἐρρωμένως.
The inserted dash-delimited clause is parenthetical; ἐτύγχανε συνοικῶν expresses a contemporaneous circumstance, while the final clause coordinates with the main verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἐπέστησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐπέστησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 τριήρεσιν | det | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 ἐπέστησεν | advmod | high | Correlative μέν; paired with δέ. |
| 5 | τριήρεσιν | τριήρης | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπέστησεν | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἐπέστησεν | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἡγεμόνα | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπέστησεν | obj | high | Predicative/object complement with Πείσανδρον. |
| 8 | Πείσανδρον | Πείσανδρος | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἡγεμόνα | appos | high | |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐτύγχανε | punct | high | |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐτύγχανε | punct | high | |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐτύγχανε | punct | high | |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Πεισάνδρου | det | high | |
| 13 | Πεισάνδρου | Πείσανδρος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐτύγχανε | nmod | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐτύγχανε | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἐτύγχανε | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπέστησεν | parataxis | high | Parenthetical finite clause. |
| 16 | συνοικῶν | συνοικέω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐτύγχανε | xcomp | high | Circumstantial participle with ἐτύγχανε. |
| 17 | ἀδελφῇ | ἀδελφή | NOUN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 συνοικῶν | obl | high | Dative with συνοικέω. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐτύγχανε | punct | high | |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐτύγχανε | punct | high | |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐτύγχανε | punct | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 προσεῖχεν | punct | high | |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πολέμῳ | det | high | |
| 23 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 προσεῖχεν | obl | high | Dative of sphere/concern. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 προσεῖχεν | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν. |
| 25 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 28 προσεῖχεν | nsubj | high | Emphatic pronoun. |
| 26 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 27 γῆν | case | high | |
| 27 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 προσεῖχεν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase. |
| 28 | προσεῖχεν | προσέχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπέστησεν | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate. |
| 29 | ἐρρωμένως | ἐρρωμένως | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 προσεῖχεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial form; lexical analysis uncertain. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπέστησεν | punct | high |