Grammar parses for passage 4.1.3
Open translation for this passage
πρὸ δὲ τῆς μάχης, ἣν Θηβαῖοι πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐμαχέσαντο ἐν Λεύκτροις, καὶ τοῦ οἰκισμοῦ Μεσσήνης τῆς ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ὑπὸ τῇ Ἰθώμῃ, πόλιν οὐδεμίαν πω κληθῆναι πρότερον δοκῶ Μεσσήνην·
Main predicate δοκῶ governs the accusative-and-infinitive construction πόλιν οὐδεμίαν ... Μεσσήνην κληθῆναι; ἣν introduces a relative clause modifying μάχης, while τῆς ... Μεσσήνης is a genitive dependent on οἰκισμοῦ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 μάχης | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 30 δοκῶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | D-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 μάχης | det | high | |
| 4 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 δοκῶ | obl | high | Temporal genitive with πρό. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 μάχης | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 10 ἐμαχέσαντο | obj | high | Relative pronoun refers to μάχην. |
| 7 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐμαχέσαντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 9 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 10 | ἐμαχέσαντο | μάχομαι | VERB | V-3PIMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 μάχης | acl:relcl | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 12 Λεύκτροις | case | high | |
| 12 | Λεύκτροις | Λεῦκτρα | PROPN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | Locative plural place-name. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 10 ἐμαχέσαντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 οἰκισμοῦ | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive temporal/possessive phrases. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | D-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 οἰκισμοῦ | det | high | |
| 16 | οἰκισμοῦ | οἰκισμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 δοκῶ | obl | medium | Genitive coordinated with μάχης under πρό; semantic relation is temporal/reference. |
| 17 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 οἰκισμοῦ | nmod | high | |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | D-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Μεσσήνης | det | high | |
| 19 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 20 ἡμῶν | case | high | ἐπί before genitive. |
| 20 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-G1P | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 17 Μεσσήνης | nmod | high | Genitive with ἐπί, within the postposed article phrase. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 22 τῇ | case | high | |
| 22 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Ἰθώμῃ | det | high | |
| 23 | Ἰθώμῃ | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Μεσσήνης | nmod | medium | Locative phrase, probably modifying Μεσσήνης/οἰκισμοῦ; ὑπό with dative is locative. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 30 δοκῶ | punct | high | |
| 25 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 κληθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 26 | οὐδεμίαν | οὐδείς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 25 πόλιν | amod | high | Indefinite negative adjective. |
| 27 | πω | πω | ADV | D | _ | 28 κληθῆναι | advmod | high | Not yet. |
| 28 | κληθῆναι | καλέω | VERB | V-ANP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 30 δοκῶ | xcomp | high | Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 29 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | D | _ | 28 κληθῆναι | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative. |
| 30 | δοκῶ | δοκέω | VERB | V-1SPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 31 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 κληθῆναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative/name complement with κληθῆναι; coordinated semantically with πόλιν. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 30 δοκῶ | punct | high |
εἰκάζω δὲ οὐχ ἥκιστα Ὁμήρου τοῖς ἔπεσιν.
The finite verb εἰκάζω has an elided/understood object or complement; τοῖς ἔπεσιν is a dative phrase meaning comparison or correspondence, with Ὁμήρου as a genitive dependent on ἔπεσιν (‘the verses of Homer’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰκάζω | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-PAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εἰκάζω | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Negative particle before an aspirated consonant. |
| 4 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 1 εἰκάζω | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, ‘least of all’ or ‘especially’; scope is somewhat context-dependent. |
| 5 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔπεσιν | nmod | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔπεσιν | det | high | |
| 7 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 εἰκάζω | obl | high | Dative of comparison/reference; ν is movable. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰκάζω | punct | high |
ἐν μὲν γὰρ καταλόγῳ τῶν ἐς Ἴλιον ἀφικομένων Πύλον καὶ Ἀρήνην καὶ ἄλλας καταλέγων οὐδεμίαν πόλιν Μεσσήνην ἐκάλεσεν·
The participle καταλέγων is circumstantial with the implicit subject of ἐκάλεσεν; τῶν ἀφικομένων is a substantival genitive plural referring to those who arrived at Ilium. The accusative names Πύλον, Ἀρήνην, and ἄλλας (πόλεις) as places listed, while οὐδεμίαν πόλιν Μεσσήνην is the object-plus-predicative accusative construction with ἐκάλεσεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 4 καταλόγῳ | case | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 18 ἐκάλεσεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; corresponding δέ is outside this sentence. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 18 ἐκάλεσεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | καταλόγῳ | κατάλογος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐκάλεσεν | obl | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀφικομένων | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 7 Ἴλιον | case | high | Epic/poetic variant of εἰς. |
| 7 | Ἴλιον | Ἴλιος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀφικομένων | obl | high | Place name, governed by ἐς. |
| 8 | ἀφικομένων | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 14 καταλέγων | acl | medium | Substantival genitive participle: ‘of those arriving’; aorist interpretation is possible in context, but the form is formally present middle participle. |
| 9 | Πύλον | Πύλος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 καταλέγων | obj | high | First place name in the listing. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Ἀρήνην | cc | high | |
| 11 | Ἀρήνην | Ἀρήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Πύλον | conj | high | Second place name in coordination with Πύλον. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἄλλας | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἄλλας | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 Πύλον | conj | medium | Substantival adjective, elliptical for ἄλλας πόλεις; coordination structure is compressed. |
| 14 | καταλέγων | καταλέγω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἐκάλεσεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the implicit subject of ἐκάλεσεν. |
| 15 | οὐδεμίαν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 16 πόλιν | det | high | Negative pronominal adjective agreeing with πόλιν. |
| 16 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐκάλεσεν | obj | high | Object of ἐκάλεσεν. |
| 17 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πόλιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative/name complement in the object-plus-predicative construction: ‘called no city Messene’. |
| 18 | ἐκάλεσεν | καλέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 18 ἐκάλεσεν | punct | high |
ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ δὲ δηλοῖ μὲν καὶ ἐν τῷδε ἔθνος καὶ οὐ πόλιν τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ὄντας, μῆλα γὰρ ἐξ Ἰθάκης Μεσσήνιοι ἄνδρες ἄειραν, Hom. Od. 21.18
δηλοῖ governs an accusative-and-participial construction: τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ὄντας, with coordinated predicate complements ἔθνος and πόλιν; the Homeric clause is explanatory parataxis.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 Ὀδυσσείᾳ | case | high | |
| 2 | Ὀδυσσείᾳ | Ὀδύσσεια | PROPN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 δηλοῖ | obl | high | Title of the Odyssey. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 δηλοῖ | cc | high | |
| 4 | δηλοῖ | δηλόω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 4 δηλοῖ | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; δέ is token 3. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἔθνος | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 τῷδε | case | high | |
| 8 | τῷδε | ὅδε | DET | P--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 ἔθνος | det | high | Substantivized demonstrative, ‘in this [passage/context]’. |
| 9 | ἔθνος | ἔθνος | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 δηλοῖ | obj | medium | Predicate/object complement of δηλοῖ in the construction ‘show [them] to be a nation’. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 πόλιν | cc | high | |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Q----- | Polarity=Neg | 12 πόλιν | advmod | high | |
| 12 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 δηλοῖ | obj | medium | Second predicate/object complement coordinated with ἔθνος. |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 14 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ὄντας | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the supplementary participle ὄντας. |
| 15 | ὄντας | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 δηλοῖ | xcomp | high | Supplementary participle governed by δηλοῖ; predicate complements are ἔθνος and πόλιν. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 δηλοῖ | punct | high | |
| 17 | μῆλα | μῆλον | NOUN | N--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἄειραν | obj | high | |
| 18 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PRT | _ | 23 ἄειραν | discourse | high | Introduces the explanatory Homeric evidence. |
| 19 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Ἰθάκης | case | high | |
| 20 | Ἰθάκης | Ἰθάκη | PROPN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἄειραν | obl | high | |
| 21 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄνδρες | compound | medium | Ethnic modifier of ἄνδρες. |
| 22 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἄειραν | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | ἄειραν | αἴρω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 δηλοῖ | parataxis | high | Explanatory coordinated finite clause. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἄειραν | punct | high | |
| 25 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 28 . | flat | low | Fragmented citation token. |
| 26 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 25 H | flat | low | Fragmented citation token. |
| 27 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 26 o | flat | low | Fragmented citation token. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 δηλοῖ | punct | high | |
| 29 | O | O | X | _ | _ | 31 . | flat | low | Fragmented citation token. |
| 30 | d | d | X | _ | _ | 29 O | flat | low | Fragmented citation token. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 δηλοῖ | punct | high | |
| 32 | 21.18 | 21.18 | SYM | _ | _ | 4 δηλοῖ | parataxis | low | Citation locator; syntactic attachment is editorial. |