Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.10.1

← 4.9.10 4.10.2 →

Passage 4.10.1

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

83Greek tokens

2,489input tokens

5,796output tokens

Sentence 3

4.10.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 8
Input: 633
Output: 621
Total: 1,254

οἱ δὲ Κρῆτες οὐκέτι παρόντες σφίσιν ἔτυχον.

The syntax is straightforward: subject Κρῆτες with a predicative participle παρόντες and dative σφίσιν governed by ἔτυχον; οὐκέτι modifies the verb.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	3 Κρῆτες	det	high	Article modifying Κρῆτες.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	7 ἔτυχον	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	Κρῆτες	Κρής	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἔτυχον	nsubj	high	Subject of ἔτυχον.
4	οὐκέτι	οὐκέτι	ADV	_	_	7 ἔτυχον	advmod	high	Negating adverb modifying the verb.
5	παρόντες	παρών	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἔτυχον	xcomp	medium	Predicative participle, likely complement of ἔτυχον.
6	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	_	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	7 ἔτυχον	iobj	high	Dative pronoun dependent on ἔτυχον.
7	ἔτυχον	τυγχάνω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite verb; here intransitive with predicative participle.
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἔτυχον	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 4

4.10.1 sentence 4

Tokens: 62
Input: 1,170
Output: 4,199
Total: 5,369

ὑστέρησαν δὲ καὶ οἱ τῶν Μεσσηνίων σύμμαχοι---διʼ ὑποψίας γὰρ οἱ Σπαρτιᾶται καὶ ἄλλοις ἤδη Πελοποννησίων καὶ Ἀρκάσιν ἦσαν καὶ Ἀργείοις μάλιστα---καὶ οἱ μὲν Ἀργεῖοι κρύφα ἔμελλον τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀφίξεσθαι καὶ ἰδίᾳ δὴ μᾶλλον ἢ μετὰ δόγματος κοινοῦ, τοῖς δὲ Ἀρκάσιν ἡ στρατεία μὲν ἀνείρητο ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, παρέτυχον δὲ οὐδʼ οὗτοι.

The passage consists of a main verb with several coordinated explanatory clauses; the most difficult points are the attachment of the causal διʼ ὑποψίας phrase and the ellipsis around the comparison μετὰ δόγματος κοινοῦ.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὑστέρησαν	ὑστερέω	VERB	VAAI3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the first clause.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	G	_	1 ὑστέρησαν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 σύμμαχοι	cc	high	Coordinates with the following noun phrase.
4	οἱ	ὁ	DET	L-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 σύμμαχοι	det	high	Article with σύμμαχοι.
5	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 Μεσσηνίων	det	high	Article modifying Μεσσηνίων.
6	Μεσσηνίων	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	A-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 σύμμαχοι	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of σύμμαχοι.
7	σύμμαχοι	σύμμαχος	NOUN	N-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ὑστέρησαν	nsubj	high	Subject of ὑστέρησαν.
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	1 ὑστέρησαν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	1 ὑστέρησαν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	1 ὑστέρησαν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
11	διʼ	διά	ADP	R-	Case=Gen	12 ὑποψίας	case	high	Preposition with genitive.
12	ὑποψίας	ὑποψία	NOUN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ἦσαν	obl	medium	Adverbial causal phrase with γάρ; attaches to ἦσαν.
13	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G	_	22 ἦσαν	discourse	high	Explanatory particle.
14	οἱ	ὁ	DET	L-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	15 Σπαρτιᾶται	det	high	Article with Σπαρτιᾶται.
15	Σπαρτιᾶται	Σπαρτιάτης	PROPN	A-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἦσαν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἦσαν.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 ἄλλοις	cc	high	Coordinates ἄλλοις with the preceding oblique.
17	ἄλλοις	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἦσαν	obl	medium	Part of coordinated dative phrase with Πελοποννησίων and Ἀρκάσιν.
18	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	D	_	22 ἦσαν	advmod	high	Adverb modifying ἦσαν.
19	Πελοποννησίων	Πελοποννήσιος	PROPN	A-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 ἄλλοις	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent on ἄλλοις; sense somewhat uncertain.
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 Ἀρκάσιν	cc	high	Coordinates Ἀρκάσιν.
21	Ἀρκάσιν	Ἄρκας	PROPN	A-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἦσαν	obl	high	Dative oblique with ἦσαν.
22	ἦσαν	εἰμί	VERB	VIAI3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	1 ὑστέρησαν	advcl	high	Explains the prior failure; matrix clause at sentence level.
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 Ἀργείοις	cc	high	Coordinates Ἀργείοις.
24	Ἀργείοις	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	A-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἦσαν	obl	high	Additional dative oblique with ἦσαν.
25	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D	_	22 ἦσαν	advmod	high	Superlative adverb modifying ἦσαν.
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	22 ἦσαν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
27	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	22 ἦσαν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
28	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	22 ἦσαν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
29	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	34 ἔμελλον	cc	high	Coordinates the next clause to the preceding one.
30	οἱ	ὁ	DET	L-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	32 Ἀργεῖοι	det	high	Article with Ἀργεῖοι.
31	μὲν	μέν	PART	G	_	32 Ἀργεῖοι	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
32	Ἀργεῖοι	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	A-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 ἔμελλον	nsubj	high	Subject of ἔμελλον.
33	κρύφα	κρύφα	ADV	D	_	34 ἔμελλον	advmod	high	Adverb modifying ἔμελλον.
34	ἔμελλον	μέλλω	VERB	VIAI3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	1 ὑστέρησαν	conj	high	Second main clause coordinated with ὑστέρησαν.
35	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	36 Λακεδαιμονίων	det	high	Article with Λακεδαιμονίων.
36	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	37 ἀφίξεσθαι	obl	high	Genitive complement with ἀφίξεσθαι.
37	ἀφίξεσθαι	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	VMN--	Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	34 ἔμελλον	xcomp	high	Complement infinitive of ἔμελλον.
38	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	39 ἰδίᾳ	cc	high	Coordinates adverb ἰδίᾳ with following material.
39	ἰδίᾳ	ἴδιος	ADV	D	_	34 ἔμελλον	advmod	medium	Likely adverbial 'privately/independently' modifying the infinitival idea.
40	δὴ	δή	PART	G	_	39 ἰδίᾳ	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
41	μᾶλλον	μᾶλλον	ADV	D	_	39 ἰδίᾳ	advmod	high	Comparative adverb modifying ἰδίᾳ.
42	ἢ	ἤ	SCONJ	C	_	39 ἰδίᾳ	cc	medium	Introduces comparison with μετὰ δόγματος κοινοῦ.
43	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R-	Case=Gen	44 δόγματος	case	high	Preposition with genitive.
44	δόγματος	δόγμα	NOUN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	39 ἰδίᾳ	obl	high	Oblique complement in comparison phrase.
45	κοινοῦ	κοινός	ADJ	A-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	44 δόγματος	amod	high	Attribute of δόγματος.
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	34 ἔμελλον	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
47	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	L-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	49 Ἀρκάσιν	det	high	Article with Ἀρκάσιν.
48	δὲ	δέ	PART	G	_	58 παρέτυχον	discourse	high	Connective particle introducing next clause.
49	Ἀρκάσιν	Ἄρκας	PROPN	A-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	53 ἀνείρητο	obl	high	Dative of reference/affected party with ἀνείρητο.
50	ἡ	ὁ	DET	L-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	51 στρατεία	det	high	Article with στρατεία.
51	στρατεία	στρατεία	NOUN	N-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	53 ἀνείρητο	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀνείρητο.
52	μὲν	μέν	PART	G	_	53 ἀνείρητο	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
53	ἀνείρητο	ἀνείρω	VERB	VIUI3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Plup\|Voice=Mid	58 παρέτυχον	advcl	medium	Pluperfect/passive-looking form; used here as subordinate clause to παρέτυχον.
54	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R-	Case=Gen	56 φανεροῦ	case	high	Preposition with genitive.
55	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	56 φανεροῦ	det	high	Article with φανεροῦ.
56	φανεροῦ	φανερός	ADJ	A-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	53 ἀνείρητο	obl	high	Oblique phrase with ἐκ.
57	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	53 ἀνείρητο	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
58	παρέτυχον	παρατυγχάνω	VERB	VAAI3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	1 ὑστέρησαν	conj	high	Final coordinated main verb.
59	δὲ	δέ	PART	G	_	58 παρέτυχον	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
60	οὐδʼ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	G	_	61 οὗτοι	cc	high	Coordinates with preceding negative content.
61	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	Pd	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	58 παρέτυχον	nsubj	high	Subject of παρέτυχον.
62	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ὑστέρησαν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 5

4.10.1 sentence 5

Tokens: 13
Input: 686
Output: 976
Total: 1,662

τοὺς γὰρ Μεσσηνίους καὶ ἄνευ συμμάχων κινδυνεῦσαι προήγαγεν ἡ δόξα τοῦ χρησμοῦ.

Indirect statement with accusative-plus-infinitive construction governed by προήγαγεν; the noun phrase ἡ δόξα τοῦ χρησμοῦ is the subject.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	_:------	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 κινδυνεῦσαι	obj	high	Article modifying Μεσσηνίους; accusative governed by infinitive.
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G---------	_	8 προήγαγεν	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
3	Μεσσηνίους	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	A-p---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 κινδυνεῦσαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive in indirect statement.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	5 ἄνευ	cc	high	Coordinates with preceding phrase.
5	ἄνευ	ἄνευ	ADP	R---------	_	6 συμμάχων	case	high	Preposition taking genitive.
6	συμμάχων	σύμμαχος	NOUN	N-p---g-m-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 κινδυνεῦσαι	obl	high	Object of ἄνευ.
7	κινδυνεῦσαι	κινδυνεύω	VERB	V--AAN----	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	8 προήγαγεν	xcomp	high	Complement infinitive of προήγαγεν.
8	προήγαγεν	προάγω	VERB	V3SAIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
9	ἡ	ὁ	DET	_:------	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	10 δόξα	det	high	Article modifying δόξα.
10	δόξα	δόξα	NOUN	N-s---f-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 προήγαγεν	nsubj	high	Subject of προήγαγεν.
11	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_:------	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 χρησμοῦ	det	high	Article modifying χρησμοῦ.
12	χρησμοῦ	χρησμός	NOUN	N-s---m-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 δόξα	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of δόξα.
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 προήγαγεν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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