Grammar parses for passage 4.10.1
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἀκούσαντες τὸν γενόμενον Μεσσηνίοις χρησμὸν ἀθύμως διέκειντο καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἔς τε τὰ λοιπὰ καὶ ἄρχειν ὀκνοῦντες μάχης.
The participles ἀκούσαντες and ὀκνοῦντες are nominative masculine plural and modify Λακεδαιμόνιοι; γενόμενον is an attributive aorist middle participle modifying χρησμόν. ἔς τε τὰ λοιπὰ καὶ ἄρχειν forms the coordinated complements of ὀκνοῦντες, with ἄρχειν understood as an infinitival complement and μάχης dependent on it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 διέκειντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 διέκειντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀκούσαντες | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 9 διέκειντο | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, circumstantial. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S----AMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 χρησμὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | γενόμενον | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AD-MSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 7 χρησμὸν | acl | high | Aorist middle participle; modifies χρησμόν. |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 γενόμενον | obl | high | Dative of affected persons with γενόμενον. |
| 7 | χρησμὸν | χρησμός | NOUN | N---SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀκούσαντες | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἀθύμως | ἄθυμος | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 9 διέκειντο | advmod | high | |
| 9 | διέκειντο | διάκειμαι | VERB | V-IIM-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 αὐτοὶ | cc | high | |
| 11 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 9 διέκειντο | conj | high | Emphatic nominative pronoun, coordinated with the subject. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 βασιλεῖς | cc | high | |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 βασιλεῖς | det | high | |
| 14 | βασιλεῖς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 αὐτοὶ | conj | high | Coordinated subject phrase αὐτοὶ καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς. |
| 15 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 τὰ | case | high | Epic/orthographic form of εἰς. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 καὶ | cc | high | Correlative τε ... καί. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S---NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 λοιπὰ | det | high | |
| 18 | λοιπὰ | λοιπός | ADJ | A----APN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ὀκνοῦντες | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter plural; governed by εἰς. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἄρχειν | cc | high | Coordinates the εἰς phrase with the infinitival complement. |
| 20 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ὀκνοῦντες | xcomp | high | |
| 21 | ὀκνοῦντες | ὀκνέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 διέκειντο | advcl | high | Participial predicate of the coordinated subject. |
| 22 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N---SGF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἄρχειν | obj | medium | Genitive complement of ἄρχειν; the exact semantic relation is somewhat idiomatic. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 διέκειντο | punct | high |
ἔτει δὲ ἕκτῳ μετὰ τὸν ἐξ Ἰθώμης Λυκίσκου δρασμὸν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι---τὰ γὰρ ἱερὰ ἐγίνετο αὐτοῖς αἴσια ---στρατεύουσιν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰθώμην·
Main clause has temporal dative ἔτει ἕκτῳ and subject οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι with historic present στρατεύουσιν; parenthetical γὰρ clause has τὰ ἱερά as subject and αἴσια as predicative adjective, with αὐτοῖς as dative experiencer. The phrase Λυκίσκου δρασμὸν is the accusative object of μετά, while ἐξ Ἰθώμης modifies δρασμόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-dat-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἕκτῳ | obl | high | Dative of elapsed time. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 στρατεύουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἕκτῳ | ἕκτος | ADJ | A-dat-s | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 στρατεύουσιν | obl | high | Agrees with ἔτει. |
| 4 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 δρασμὸν | case | high | With accusative, meaning after. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-dat-s | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 δρασμὸν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Ἰθώμης | case | high | Introduces origin/source. |
| 7 | Ἰθώμης | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-gen-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Λυκίσκου | nmod | high | Place of origin modifying Λυκίσκου δρασμόν. |
| 8 | Λυκίσκου | Λυκίσκος | PROPN | N-gen-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 δρασμὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δρασμόν. |
| 9 | δρασμὸν | δρασμός | NOUN | N-acc-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 μετὰ | obl | high | Object of μετά. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-nom-p | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-nom-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 στρατεύουσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized ethnic name. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high | |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-nom-p | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἱερὰ | det | high | |
| 16 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐγίνετο | cc | high | Introduces explanatory parenthesis. |
| 17 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | ADJ | A-nom-p | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐγίνετο | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, sacred rites/signs. |
| 18 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-impf-ind-3s-mp | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 24 στρατεύουσιν | parataxis | high | Impersonal-looking singular verb agreeing with neuter plural subject. |
| 19 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-dat-p | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 18 ἐγίνετο | iobj | high | Dative of reference/experiencer, to the Lacedaemonians. |
| 20 | αἴσια | αἴσιος | ADJ | A-nom-p | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐγίνετο | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective: favorable/auspicious. |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high | |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high | |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high | |
| 24 | στρατεύουσιν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-pres-ind-3p-act | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Historic present. |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 27 Ἰθώμην | case | high | With accusative, motion against/toward. |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-acc-s | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Ἰθώμην | det | high | |
| 27 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-acc-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 στρατεύουσιν | obl | high | Destination/target of στρατεύουσιν. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high |
τοὺς γὰρ Μεσσηνίους καὶ ἄνευ συμμάχων κινδυνεῦσαι προήγαγεν ἡ δόξα τοῦ χρησμοῦ.
ἡ δόξα τοῦ χρησμοῦ is the nominative subject of προήγαγεν; τοὺς Μεσσηνίους is the accusative subject of the complementary infinitive κινδυνεῦσαι, with ἄνευ συμμάχων modifying the infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 κινδυνεῦσαι | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 προήγαγεν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 κινδυνεῦσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἄνευ | cc | high | Coordinates the prepositional modifier with the omitted contrasting alternative. |
| 5 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 συμμάχων | case | high | |
| 6 | συμμάχων | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 κινδυνεῦσαι | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἄνευ; whole phrase modifies κινδυνεῦσαι. |
| 7 | κινδυνεῦσαι | κινδυνεύω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 προήγαγεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by προήγαγεν. |
| 8 | προήγαγεν | προάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 δόξα | det | high | |
| 10 | δόξα | δόξα | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 προήγαγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 χρησμοῦ | det | high | |
| 12 | χρησμοῦ | χρησμός | NOUN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 δόξα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δόξα. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 προήγαγεν | punct | high |