Grammar parses for passage 4.10.3
Open translation for this passage
ὁ γὰρ Εὐφαὴς πλέον τι ἢ βασιλέα εἰκὸς ἦν προθυμούμενος καὶ ἀφειδῶς τοῖς περὶ τὸν Θεόπομπον ἐγκείμενος τραύματα τε πολλά τε καὶ οὐκ ἰάσιμα λαμβάνει·
Εὐφαὴς is the nominative subject; ἦν with εἰκός forms an impersonal construction, with προθυμούμενος and ἐγκείμενος agreeing with the subject. πλέον τι ἢ βασιλέα is an idiomatic comparative expression; τοῖς περὶ τὸν Θεόπομπον is the dative with ἐγκείμενος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Εὐφαὴς | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 25 λαμβάνει | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | Εὐφαὴς | Εὐφαής | PROPN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 λαμβάνει | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | πλέον | πολύς | ADV | A----NSN- | Degree=Cmp | 5 τι | advmod | medium | Adverbial comparative in the idiom πλέον τι. |
| 5 | τι | τις | PRON | P---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 8 εἰκὸς | advmod | medium | Indefinite accusative used adverbially: ‘somewhat/more’. |
| 6 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 πλέον | cc | high | Comparative conjunction. |
| 7 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πλέον | obl | medium | Accusative in the comparative expression. |
| 8 | εἰκὸς | εἰκός | ADJ | A----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἦν | xcomp | high | Impersonal neuter adjective with ἦν. |
| 9 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 25 λαμβάνει | aux | high | Copular/impersonal auxiliary with εἰκός. |
| 10 | προθυμούμενος | προθυμέομαι | VERB | V-PMPNSM- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 25 λαμβάνει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Εὐφαής. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 17 ἐγκείμενος | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἀφειδῶς | ἀφειδῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ἐγκείμενος | advmod | high | |
| 13 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 Θεόπομπον | det | high | |
| 14 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Θεόπομπον | case | high | With accusative τὸν Θεόπομπον. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Θεόπομπον | det | high | |
| 16 | Θεόπομπον | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐγκείμενος | obl | high | Object of περί within the group designation. |
| 17 | ἐγκείμενος | ἔγκειμαι | VERB | V-PMPNSM- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 25 λαμβάνει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle coordinated with προθυμούμενος. |
| 18 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | N-----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 λαμβάνει | obj | high | |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 18 τραύματα | cc | high | First member of τε...τε coordination. |
| 20 | πολλά | πολύς | ADJ | A----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 τραύματα | amod | high | |
| 21 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 20 πολλά | cc | high | Second member of τε...τε coordination. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 24 ἰάσιμα | cc | high | |
| 23 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 24 ἰάσιμα | advmod | high | |
| 24 | ἰάσιμα | ἰάσιμος | ADJ | A----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 τραύματα | amod | high | Coordinated adjective: ‘many and not curable’ wounds. |
| 25 | λαμβάνει | λαμβάνω | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 λαμβάνει | punct | high |
λιποψυχήσαντα δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ πεσόντα οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ ὀλίγον ὅμως ἐμπνέοντα ἐποιοῦντο παρʼ αὑτοὺς ἑλκύσαι σπουδήν.
Accusative participles λιποψυχήσαντα, πεσόντα, and ἐμπνέοντα, with αὐτόν, are the object of ἐποιοῦντο in the idiom ποιεῖσθαι τινά τι: the Lacedaemonians undertook to have him dragged to them; σπουδήν is the accusative of the infinitive phrase, meaning ‘with haste/earnestly’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λιποψυχήσαντα | λιποψυχέω | VERB | VAAP-SMA | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 12 ἐποιοῦντο | conj | high | Coordinated with πεσόντα; shares accusative subject/object αὐτόν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 12 ἐποιοῦντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 12 ἐποιοῦντο | obj | medium | Accusative person affected/object with ποιεῖσθαι and understood subject of the participles and infinitive. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 5 πεσόντα | cc | high | Coordinates the participles. |
| 5 | πεσόντα | πίπτω | VERB | VAAP-SMA | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 1 λιποψυχήσαντα | conj | high | Coordinated participle modifying αὐτόν. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | R-----NM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 7 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | Article with the ethnic noun. |
| 7 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-----NM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 12 ἐποιοῦντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποιοῦντο. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 11 ἐμπνέοντα | cc | high | Coordinates ὀλίγον and ἐμπνέοντα adverbially/participially. |
| 9 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | A-----MA- | Degree=Pos | 11 ἐμπνέοντα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative modifying ἐμπνέοντα, ‘still breathing a little’. |
| 10 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ἐμπνέοντα | advmod | high | Adverb ‘nevertheless/still’. |
| 11 | ἐμπνέοντα | ἐμπνέω | VERB | VPAP-SMA | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 1 λιποψυχήσαντα | conj | high | Further accusative participle modifying αὐτόν; present aspect contrasts with preceding aorists. |
| 12 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle ποιεῖσθαι τινά τι: ‘undertook/arranged to have him ...’. |
| 13 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 αὑτοὺς | case | high | Elided preposition governing αὑτούς, ‘to/toward themselves’. |
| 14 | αὑτοὺς | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P----AM-P | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 15 ἑλκύσαι | obl | high | Object of παρά with motion/dragging infinitive. |
| 15 | ἑλκύσαι | ἕλκω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 12 ἐποιοῦντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by ἐποιοῦντο; understood subject is αὐτόν. |
| 16 | σπουδήν | σπουδή | NOUN | N-----FA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 15 ἑλκύσαι | obj | medium | Accusative with the infinitive, likely ‘with haste/earnestly’; possibly an internal object/accusative of manner. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐποιοῦντο | punct | high |
ἐπήγειρε δὲ καὶ τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἥ τε ἐς τὸν Εὐφαῆ προϋπάρχουσα εὔνοια καὶ τὰ ὀνείδη τὰ μέλλοντα·
The coordinated nominative subjects εὔνοια and ὀνείδη govern singular ἐπήγειρε; ἥ τε introduces the first coordinated subject, while καὶ joins the second.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπήγειρε | ἐπεγείρω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπήγειρε | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπήγειρε | advmod | high | Coordinating/additive καί. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπήγειρε | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἥ | ὅς | PRON | P-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 εὔνοια | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun, agreeing with εὔνοια. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 εὔνοια | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Εὐφαῆ | case | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Εὐφαῆ | det | high | |
| 10 | Εὐφαῆ | Εὐφαής | PROPN | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 προϋπάρχουσα | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 11 | προϋπάρχουσα | προϋπάρχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 εὔνοια | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying εὔνοια. |
| 12 | εὔνοια | εὔνοια | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπήγειρε | nsubj | high | First coordinated subject of ἐπήγειρε. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ὀνείδη | cc | high | |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ὀνείδη | det | high | |
| 15 | ὀνείδη | ὄνειδος | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 εὔνοια | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 μέλλοντα | det | high | |
| 17 | μέλλοντα | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ὀνείδη | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying ὀνείδη. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπήγειρε | punct | high |
φονευομένοις τε ὑπὲρ τοῦ βασιλέως ἄμεινόν σφισιν ἐφαίνετο προΐεσθαι τὰς ψυχὰς ἢ ἐκεῖνον προεμένων ἀποσωθῆναί τινα.
The sentence contrasts surrendering their lives for the king with the alternative of abandoning him and having someone escape; προεμένων is treated as a genitive-absolute participle, though the compressed syntax leaves the attachment of τινα somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φονευομένοις | φονεύω | VERB | Pres|Mid|Part|Dat|Plur|Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐφαίνετο | advcl | high | Dative plural masculine present middle participle, concessive/circumstantial. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φονευομένοις | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 βασιλέως | case | high | Takes the genitive here. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art|Gen|Sing|Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλέως | det | high | Article modifying βασιλέως. |
| 5 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | Noun|Gen|Sing|Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 φονευομένοις | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπέρ. |
| 6 | ἄμεινόν | ἀμείνων | ADJ | Comp|Nom|Acc|Neut|Sing | Case=Nom,Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | high | Neuter comparative predicate with φαίνετο. |
| 7 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pers|Dat|Plur|3 | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative of judgment/experiencer. |
| 8 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνω | VERB | Impf|Mid|Ind|3|Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal-looking middle, 'it seemed'. |
| 9 | προΐεσθαι | προΐημι | VERB | Pres|Mid|Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 6 ἄμεινόν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἄμεινον. |
| 10 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Art|Acc|Plur|Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ψυχὰς | det | high | Article modifying ψυχάς. |
| 11 | ψυχὰς | ψυχή | NOUN | Noun|Acc|Plur|Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 προΐεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of προΐεσθαι. |
| 12 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 προΐεσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the alternative infinitival construction. |
| 13 | ἐκεῖνον | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | Dem|Acc|Sing|Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 προεμένων | obj | high | Accusative subject/object-like accusative with the participial construction; refers to the king. |
| 14 | προεμένων | προΐημι | VERB | Aor|Mid|Part|Gen|Plur | Case=Gen|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀποσωθῆναί | advcl | medium | Genitive plural aorist middle participle, genitive absolute with implied plural subject; 'after abandoning him'. |
| 15 | ἀποσωθῆναί | ἀποσῴζω | VERB | Aor|Pass|Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 9 προΐεσθαι | conj | high | Alternative infinitive coordinated with προΐεσθαι; passive 'to be saved'. |
| 16 | τινα | τις | PRON | Indef|Acc|Sing|Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 15 ἀποσωθῆναί | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive, indefinite 'someone'; exact scope is somewhat compressed. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high |