Grammar parses for passage 4.10.7
Open translation for this passage
τὸν δὲ πόλεμον ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀριστοδήμου βασιλείας ἐπολέμουν λῃστείαις τε κατʼ ὀλίγους ἀεὶ καὶ περὶ τὴν ὡραίαν καταδρομαῖς ἐς τὴν ἀλλήλων χρώμενοι, συνεσέβαλλον δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῶν Ἀρκάδων τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις ἐς τὴν Λακωνικήν·
The first clause has an omitted plural subject (‘they’), with πόλεμον as the object of ἐπολέμουν; χρώμενοι is a circumstantial participle modifying the same implicit subject. In the final clause, συνεσέβαλλον is coordinated and takes τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις as its dative partner/beneficiary and ἐς τὴν Λακωνικήν as goal. The phrase περὶ τὴν ὡραίαν is elliptical, probably ‘about harvest-time/season’; ὡραίαν is substantivized.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 πόλεμον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐπολέμουν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπολέμουν | obj | high | |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 βασιλείας | case | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 βασιλείας | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 βασιλείας | nmod | high | Name in the genitive. |
| 7 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπολέμουν | obl | high | Temporal setting with ἐπί. |
| 8 | ἐπολέμουν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Implicit plural subject. |
| 9 | λῃστείαις | λῃστεία | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπολέμουν | obl | medium | Dative of means or manner; coordinated with καταδρομαῖς. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 λῃστείαις | cc | high | |
| 11 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ὀλίγους | case | high | |
| 12 | ὀλίγους | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπολέμουν | obl | medium | Substantivized; ‘in small numbers/groups’. |
| 13 | ἀεὶ | ἀεί | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 ἐπολέμουν | advmod | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 καταδρομαῖς | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative means expressions. |
| 15 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 ὡραίαν | case | high | |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ὡραίαν | det | high | |
| 17 | ὡραίαν | ὡραῖος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 καταδρομαῖς | obl | low | Substantivized feminine adjective; exact elliptical sense is uncertain. |
| 18 | καταδρομαῖς | καταδρομή | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπολέμουν | obl | medium | Dative of means/manner, coordinated with λῃστείαις. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 ἀλλήλων | case | high | |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 ἀλλήλων | det | high | |
| 21 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 18 καταδρομαῖς | nmod | low | The printed phrase ἐς τὴν ἀλλήλων is syntactically difficult; likely an elliptical reciprocal expression. |
| 22 | χρώμενοι | χράομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐπολέμουν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with implicit plural subject. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπολέμουν | punct | high | |
| 24 | συνεσέβαλλον | συμβάλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπολέμουν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject remains implicit. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 συνεσέβαλλον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 συνεσέβαλλον | advmod | high | Additive adverbial ‘also’. |
| 27 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 29 Ἀρκάδων | case | high | |
| 28 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | |
| 29 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 συνεσέβαλλον | obl | high | παρά with genitive: from/on the side of the Arcadians. |
| 30 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | |
| 31 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 συνεσέβαλλον | iobj | high | Dative associated with συνεσέβαλλον. |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 34 Λακωνικήν | case | high | |
| 33 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 34 Λακωνικήν | det | high | |
| 34 | Λακωνικήν | Λακωνική | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 συνεσέβαλλον | obl | high | Goal of motion/entry. |
| 35 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 συνεσέβαλλον | punct | high |
Ἀργεῖοι δὲ προαναφῆναι μὲν τὸ ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἔχθος οὐκ ἠξίουν, γινομένου δὲ ἀγῶνος παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς μεθέξοντες.
The Argives did not deem it proper to reveal beforehand their hostility toward the Lacedaemonians; when a contest arose, they prepared themselves as intending to participate. The infinitive προαναφῆναι is complementary to ἠξίουν, with τὸ ἔχθος as its accusative subject/object-like accusative phrase; γινομένου ἀγῶνος is a genitive absolute, and ὡς μεθέξοντες expresses intended result/circumstance with future active participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἠξίουν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἠξίουν | cc | high | |
| 3 | προαναφῆναι | προαναφαίνω | VERB | V--ANM--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἠξίουν | xcomp | medium | Complementary aorist infinitive; form may be analyzed as προαναφῆναι. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 προαναφῆναι | discourse | high | |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SNA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔχθος | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | Epic/poetic variant of εἰς. |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-PMA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Λακεδαιμονίους | det | high | |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔχθος | nmod | high | Object of ἔχθος in the sense ‘hostility toward’. |
| 9 | ἔχθος | ἔχθος | NOUN | N-SNA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 προαναφῆναι | obj | high | |
| 10 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 11 ἠξίουν | advmod | high | Negates ἠξίουν. |
| 11 | ἠξίουν | ἀξιόω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἠξίουν | punct | high | |
| 13 | γινομένου | γίνομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀγῶνος | amod | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying ἀγῶνος. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 παρεσκευάζοντο | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-SMG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 παρεσκευάζοντο | obl | medium | Genitive-absolute noun, internally linked with γινομένου; attached here to the main predicate. |
| 16 | παρεσκευάζοντο | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V-IMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 11 ἠξίουν | conj | high | |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 μεθέξοντες | mark | high | Introduces the intended/circumstantial participial clause. |
| 18 | μεθέξοντες | μετέχω | VERB | V-FAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 παρεσκευάζοντο | advcl | high | Future participle with ὡς, expressing intended participation; subject is understood Argives. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἠξίουν | punct | high |