Grammar parses for passage 4.11.1
Open translation for this passage
πέμπτῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς Ἀριστοδήμου βασιλείας μελλόντων ἐκ προρρήσεως συμβολὴν ποιήσεσθαι---τῷ τε γὰρ μήκει τοῦ πολέμου καὶ τοῖς δαπανήμασιν ἀπειρήκεσαν---οὕτω παρεγένοντο ἀμφοτέροις καὶ οἱ σύμμαχοι, Λακεδαιμονίοις μὲν Κορίνθιοι Πελοποννησίων μόνοι, τοῖς δὲ Μεσσηνίοις οἵ τε Ἀρκάδες πανστρατιᾷ καὶ Ἀργείων καὶ Σικυωνίων λογάδες.
Main predicate παρεγένοντο takes the allies as subject; the μέν/δέ phrases specify which allies came to each side. The dashed parenthesis is an explanatory clause, and token 7 is a genitive absolute with a future infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πέμπτῳ | πέμπτος | ADJ | a-s---md- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἔτει | amod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 29 παρεγένοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 παρεγένοντο | obl | high | Dative temporal adjunct. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλείας | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλείας | nmod | high | |
| 6 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἔτει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἔτει. |
| 7 | μελλόντων | μέλλω | VERB | v-papmng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 29 παρεγένοντο | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with understood subject; infinitive follows. |
| 8 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 9 προρρήσεως | case | high | |
| 9 | προρρήσεως | πρόρρησις | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 μελλόντων | obl | high | Source/origin adjunct with μέλλω. |
| 10 | συμβολὴν | συμβολή | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ποιήσεσθαι | obj | high | |
| 11 | ποιήσεσθαι | ποιέω | VERB | v-fanm---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 7 μελλόντων | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of μέλλω. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 μήκει | det | high | |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 18 μήκει | cc | high | |
| 17 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 24 ἀπειρήκεσαν | mark | high | Introduces explanatory parenthesis. |
| 18 | μήκει | μῆκος | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἀπειρήκεσαν | obl | high | Dative cause/grounds. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 20 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 μήκει | nmod | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 23 δαπανήμασιν | cc | high | |
| 22 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 δαπανήμασιν | det | high | |
| 23 | δαπανήμασιν | δαπάνημα | NOUN | n-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἀπειρήκεσαν | obl | high | Coordinated dative cause/grounds. |
| 24 | ἀπειρήκεσαν | ἀπαγορεύω | VERB | v-plpl---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 29 παρεγένοντο | parataxis | medium | Pluperfect-like form in context; means they had become exhausted. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 28 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 29 παρεγένοντο | advmod | high | |
| 29 | παρεγένοντο | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | v-2adi---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 30 | ἀμφοτέροις | ἀμφότερος | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 παρεγένοντο | iobj | high | Dative of the parties benefited/concerned. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 33 σύμμαχοι | cc | high | |
| 32 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 σύμμαχοι | det | high | |
| 33 | σύμμαχοι | σύμμαχος | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 παρεγένοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of παρεγένοντο. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 παρεγένοντο | punct | high | |
| 35 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | a-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 Κορίνθιοι | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective; dative party. |
| 36 | μὲν | μέν | PART | q-------- | _ | 37 Κορίνθιοι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν. |
| 37 | Κορίνθιοι | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 σύμμαχοι | appos | high | Apposition specifying the allies. |
| 38 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιος | PROPN | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 Κορίνθιοι | nmod | high | Genitive partitive: the only Peloponnesians. |
| 39 | μόνοι | μόνος | ADJ | a-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 Κορίνθιοι | amod | high | |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 Κορίνθιοι | punct | high | |
| 41 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---md- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | |
| 42 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 43 Μεσσηνίοις | cc | high | Correlative δέ. |
| 43 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 παρεγένοντο | obl | high | Second dative party. |
| 44 | οἵ | ὅς | PRON | p-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 46 Ἀρκάδες | nsubj | high | Relative-like connective introducing the second ally group. |
| 45 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 46 Ἀρκάδες | cc | high | |
| 46 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 σύμμαχοι | conj | high | Coordinated ally subject/apposition. |
| 47 | πανστρατιᾷ | πανστρατιά | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 46 Ἀρκάδες | obl | high | Manner/instrument: with the whole army. |
| 48 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 52 λογάδες | cc | high | |
| 49 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 52 λογάδες | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on λογάδες. |
| 50 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 51 Σικυωνίων | cc | high | |
| 51 | Σικυωνίων | Σικυώνιος | PROPN | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 49 Ἀργείων | conj | high | Coordinated genitive ethnonym. |
| 52 | λογάδες | λογάς | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 46 Ἀρκάδες | conj | medium | Elite-picked troops; coordination with Ἀρκάδες, with Ἀργείων καὶ Σικυωνίων dependent. |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 παρεγένοντο | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν οὖν Κορινθίοις καὶ τοῖς εἵλωσι καὶ ὅσοι περίοικοι συνεστρατεύοντο τὸ μέσον ἐπιτρέψαντες, ἐπὶ τοῖς κέρασιν αὐτοί τε καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἐτάσσοντο βαθείᾳ τε ὡς οὔπω πρότερον καὶ πυκνῇ τῇ φάλαγγι.
The nominative Λακεδαιμόνιοι is the subject of ἐτάσσοντο; the participial clause ἐπιτρέψαντες governs τὸ μέσον and has coordinated dative groups as its object/participants. βαθείᾳ and πυκνῇ are feminine dative singular modifiers of the understood φάλαγγι, with ὡς οὔπω πρότερον qualifying the first adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 24 ἐτάσσοντο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | Df | _ | 24 ἐτάσσοντο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Κορινθίοις | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | N-D---MP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐπιτρέψαντες | iobj | medium | Dative participant/recipient with ἐπιτρέψαντες. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 7 εἵλωσι | cc | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-D---MP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἵλωσι | det | high | |
| 7 | εἵλωσι | εἵλωτης | NOUN | N-D---MP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐπιτρέψαντες | iobj | medium | Dative participant/recipient with ἐπιτρέψαντες. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 περίοικοι | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 περίοικοι | det | high | Free-relative/quantificational determiner with περίοικοι. |
| 10 | περίοικοι | περίοικος | NOUN | N-----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 συνεστρατεύοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | συνεστρατεύοντο | συστρατεύω | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 7 εἵλωσι | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause associated with the Helots/Perioeci coordination; syntactic attachment is somewhat ambiguous. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NS---S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 μέσον | det | high | |
| 13 | μέσον | μέσος | NOUN | A--NSA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπιτρέψαντες | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the center'. |
| 14 | ἐπιτρέψαντες | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V-2AAPNP-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 24 ἐτάσσοντο | advcl | high | |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐπιτρέψαντες | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 18 κέρασιν | case | high | |
| 17 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-D---NP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 κέρασιν | det | high | |
| 18 | κέρασιν | κέρας | NOUN | N-D---NP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἐτάσσοντο | obl | high | |
| 19 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject pronoun coordinated with οἱ βασιλεῖς. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 19 αὐτοί | cc | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 23 βασιλεῖς | cc | high | |
| 22 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NP---P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 βασιλεῖς | det | high | |
| 23 | βασιλεῖς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 αὐτοί | conj | high | |
| 24 | ἐτάσσοντο | τάσσω | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 25 | βαθείᾳ | βαθύς | ADJ | A--DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 φάλαγγι | amod | medium | Predicative/qualifying adjective for the understood formation; agreement indicates feminine singular. |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 25 βαθείᾳ | cc | high | |
| 27 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G- | _ | 29 πρότερον | mark | high | |
| 28 | οὔπω | οὔπω | ADV | Df | _ | 29 πρότερον | advmod | high | |
| 29 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A-S---NC- | _ | 25 βαθείᾳ | advcl | medium | Adverbial comparative, 'before/previously', in the ὡς phrase. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 31 πυκνῇ | cc | high | |
| 31 | πυκνῇ | πυκνός | ADJ | A--DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 βαθείᾳ | conj | high | Coordinated with βαθείᾳ. |
| 32 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 φάλαγγι | det | high | |
| 33 | φάλαγγι | φάλαγξ | NOUN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐτάσσοντο | obl | high | The noun modified by πυκνῇ; βαθείᾳ is coordinated adjectivally. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐτάσσοντο | punct | high |