Grammar parses for passage 4.11.2
Open translation for this passage
τῷ δὲ Ἀριστοδήμῳ καὶ τοῖς περὶ αὐτὸν διετάχθη τὰ ἐς τὴν μάχην οὕτως.
Impersonal διετάχθη governs τὰ ἐς τὴν μάχην as the things/arrangements ordered; τῷ Ἀριστοδήμῳ and τοῖς περὶ αὐτόν are dative recipients, with οὕτως modifying the verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀριστοδήμῳ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 διετάχθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀριστοδήμῳ | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | Neosm-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διετάχθη | iobj | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 τοῖς | cc | high | |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 περὶ | det | high | Article substantivizes the following περί phrase. |
| 6 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 αὐτὸν | case | high | With accusative, meaning those around/about him. |
| 7 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-SAM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 5 τοῖς | nmod | high | |
| 8 | διετάχθη | διατάσσω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive: 'were ordered/arranged'. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 διετάχθη | nsubj:pass | high | Substantive neuter plural subject. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 μάχην | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 μάχην | det | high | |
| 12 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 τὰ | nmod | high | ἐς τὴν μάχην modifies the ordered things: arrangements for the battle. |
| 13 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 διετάχθη | advmod | high | |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 διετάχθη | punct | high |
ὅσοι τῶν Ἀρκάδων ἢ τῶν Μεσσηνίων τὰ μὲν σώματα ἦσαν ἐρρωμένοι καὶ ἀγαθοὶ τὰς ψυχάς, ὅπλα δὲ οὐκ εἶχον ἰσχυρά, τούτοις τῶν ὅπλων τὰ χρησιμώτατα ἐπέλεξε, καὶ ὡς τὸ ἔργον ἤπειγεν, ὁμοῦ τοῖς Ἀργείοις καὶ Σικυωνίοις καὶ τούτους ἔτασσε·
The relative description headed by ὅσοι contains a μέν...δέ contrast; ὅσοι is the selected group, while τούτοις marks the beneficiaries of the selection and τούτους the men subsequently arrayed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπέλεξε | nsubj | high | Relative nominal subject of ἐπέλεξε; antecedent is understood men. |
| 2 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | |
| 3 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὅσοι | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive group under ὅσοι. |
| 4 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 Μεσσηνίων | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive ethnic groups. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ἀρκάδων | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἀρκάδων. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 σώματα | det | high | |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 9 σώματα | discourse | high | First member of μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 9 | σώματα | σῶμα | NOUN | N-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐρρωμένοι | obl | high | Accusative of respect with ἐρρωμένοι. |
| 10 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 11 ἐρρωμένοι | aux | high | Periphrastic imperfect with participle ἐρρωμένοι. |
| 11 | ἐρρωμένοι | ῥώννυμι | VERB | V-RMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 28 ἐπέλεξε | acl:relcl | medium | Predicate participle in the relative clause; perfect passive form has adjectival force. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 ἀγαθοὶ | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἀγαθοὶ | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπέλεξε | conj | high | Co-predicative adjective with understood subject ὅσοι. |
| 14 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ψυχάς | det | high | |
| 15 | ψυχάς | ψυχή | NOUN | N-APA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἀγαθοὶ | obl | high | Accusative of respect with ἀγαθοί. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐπέλεξε | punct | high | |
| 17 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 εἶχον | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶχον. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 20 εἶχον | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 19 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | X | _ | 20 εἶχον | advmod | high | Negates εἶχον. |
| 20 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 28 ἐπέλεξε | advcl | high | Coordinated contrasting clause within the relative description. |
| 21 | ἰσχυρά | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ὅπλα | amod | high | Agrees with ὅπλα. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐπέλεξε | punct | high | |
| 23 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | D-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπέλεξε | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary of ἐπέλεξε. |
| 24 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ὅπλων | det | high | |
| 25 | ὅπλων | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 χρησιμώτατα | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with the superlative. |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 χρησιμώτατα | det | high | |
| 27 | χρησιμώτατα | χρήσιμος | ADJ | A-NPA-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπέλεξε | obj | high | Substantivized superlative, object of ἐπέλεξε. |
| 28 | ἐπέλεξε | ἐπιλέγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐπέλεξε | punct | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 43 ἔτασσε | cc | high | Coordinates the subsequent finite clause with the main clause. |
| 31 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 34 ἤπειγεν | mark | high | Temporal/subordinate conjunction. |
| 32 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 33 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 ἤπειγεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἤπειγεν. |
| 34 | ἤπειγεν | ἐπείγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 43 ἔτασσε | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause headed by ὡς. |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 ἔτασσε | punct | high | |
| 36 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D | _ | 43 ἔτασσε | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔτασσε. |
| 37 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 Ἀργείοις | det | high | |
| 38 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 ἔτασσε | obl | high | Dative of accompaniment with ὁμοῦ. |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 40 Σικυωνίοις | cc | high | |
| 40 | Σικυωνίοις | Σικυώνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 Ἀργείοις | conj | high | Coordinated accompaniment phrase. |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 42 τούτους | cc | high | |
| 42 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | D-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 ἔτασσε | obj | high | Object of ἔτασσε, referring back to the selected men. |
| 43 | ἔτασσε | τάσσω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 28 ἐπέλεξε | conj | high | Coordinated main predicate; subject is implicit. |
| 44 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐπέλεξε | punct | high |
τὴν δὲ φάλαγγα ἐπὶ πλέον ἥπλωσεν, ὡς μὴ κυκλωθεῖεν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων.
ἥπλωσεν takes φάλαγγα as its object; ὡς μή introduces a negative purpose clause with passive optative κυκλωθεῖεν and a ὑπό-agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | article_acc_sg_fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 φάλαγγα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | part_conj | _ | 6 ἥπλωσεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | φάλαγγα | φάλαγξ | NOUN | noun_acc_sg_fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἥπλωσεν | obj | high | |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | prep_acc | AdpType=Prep | 5 πλέον | case | high | With accusative πλέον in an adverbial comparative expression. |
| 5 | πλέον | πολύς | ADV | adv_comp_acc_sg_neut | Degree=Cmp | 6 ἥπλωσεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial comparative, literally ‘to a greater extent’; form is substantivized/accusative in the phrase ἐπὶ πλέον. |
| 6 | ἥπλωσεν | ἁπλόω | VERB | verb_aor_act_ind_3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἥπλωσεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | conj_final | _ | 10 κυκλωθεῖεν | mark | high | Introduces a negative purpose clause. |
| 9 | μὴ | μή | PART | part_neg | Polarity=Neg | 10 κυκλωθεῖεν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | κυκλωθεῖεν | κυκλόω | VERB | verb_aor_pass_opt_3pl | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 6 ἥπλωσεν | advcl | high | Aorist passive optative in a purpose clause, with the subject understood as the phalanx/its men. |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | prep_gen | AdpType=Prep | 13 ἐναντίων | case | high | |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article_gen_pl_neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐναντίων | det | high | |
| 13 | ἐναντίων | ἐναντίος | ADJ | adj_gen_pl_neut | substantivized=Yes|Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 κυκλωθεῖεν | obl:agent | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the opposing side’; agent of the passive verb. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἥπλωσεν | punct | high |
προείδετο δὲ καὶ ὅπως τεταγμένοις σφίσι τὸ ὄρος ἡ Ἰθώμη κατὰ νώτου γίνοιτο.
The impersonal προείδετο governs an ὅπως-clause; τεταγμένοις σφίσι is a dative participial phrase, while τὸ ὄρος is the subject of γίνοιτο and ἡ Ἰθώμη is a nominative apposition/name for it. The exact force of κατὰ νώτου is spatial (‘behind/on the rear’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προείδετο | προοράω | VERB | V--I3S-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal middle; ‘it had been foreseen/provided for’; exact lexical parsing is somewhat uncertain. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 προείδετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 προείδετο | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also’. |
| 4 | ὅπως | ὅπως | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 γίνοιτο | mark | high | Introduces the content/purpose-like subordinate clause. |
| 5 | τεταγμένοις | τάσσω | VERB | V--R-DPN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 6 σφίσι | amod | medium | Perfect middle/passive participle, dative plural neuter; agrees with an understood neuter plural referent or is substantival, with σφίσι as associated dative. |
| 6 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-------- | Case=Dative|Number=Plural|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 γίνοιτο | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun; may be construed with τεταγμένοις or as the dative of reference with γίνοιτο. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Nominative|Definite=Def|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 8 ὄρος | det | high | |
| 8 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 13 γίνοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NF- | Case=Nominative|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 Ἰθώμη | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἰθώμη | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 ὄρος | appos | high | Feminine proper name in apposition to the neuter τὸ ὄρος. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 νώτου | case | high | |
| 12 | νώτου | νῶτον | NOUN | N-SG---NG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 13 γίνοιτο | obl | medium | Genitive governed by κατά; spatial phrase, likely ‘behind/on the rear’. |
| 13 | γίνοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--O3S-- | Mood=Optative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 1 προείδετο | ccomp | high | Optative in subordinate clause, likely oblique optative after past προείδετο. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προείδετο | punct | high |
καὶ τούτοις μὲν Κλέοννιν ἐπέταξεν ἡγεμόνα·
Κλέοννιν is the accusative object/person appointed; ἡγεμόνα is a predicative accusative with ἐπέταξεν (‘appointed as leader’). τούτοις is a dative of reference/recipient, with μὲν marking contrast.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐπέταξεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπέταξεν | obl | high | Dative of reference or recipient. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐπέταξεν | discourse | high | Contrastive particle, paired or implicitly contrasted with a later δέ. |
| 4 | Κλέοννιν | Κλέων | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπέταξεν | obj | high | Accusative personal object of ἐπέταξεν; proper name form preserved as given. |
| 5 | ἐπέταξεν | ἐπιτάσσω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἡγεμόνα | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπέταξεν | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative complement of Κλέοννιν after appointing/ordering someone as leader. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπέταξεν | punct | high |