Grammar parses for passage 4.11.2
Open translation for this passage
τῷ δὲ Ἀριστοδήμῳ καὶ τοῖς περὶ αὐτὸν διετάχθη τὰ ἐς τὴν μάχην οὕτως.
The clause has a passive verb with two dative coordinated phrases as recipients/affected parties; ἐς τὴν μάχην is a directional/purpose oblique.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 διετάχθη | iobj | high | Article functioning substantivally with Ἀριστοδήμῳ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G------- | _ | 8 διετάχθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀριστοδήμῳ | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διετάχθη | iobj | high | Dative recipient/experiencer with τῷ. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 τοῖς | cc | high | Coordinates with τοῖς περὶ αὐτόν. |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 διετάχθη | iobj | medium | Article introducing substantive phrase περὶ αὐτόν. |
| 6 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 τοῖς | case | high | Preposition with dative complement. |
| 7 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | A-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 περὶ | obj | high | Object of περί. |
| 8 | διετάχθη | διατάσσω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 μάχην | det | high | Article with μάχην in an idiomatic prepositional phrase. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 μάχην | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 μάχην | det | high | Article with μάχην. |
| 12 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 διετάχθη | obl | high | Prepositional oblique expressing purpose/direction. |
| 13 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 8 διετάχθη | advmod | high | Manner adverb modifying the verb. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 διετάχθη | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ὅσοι τῶν Ἀρκάδων ἢ τῶν Μεσσηνίων τὰ μὲν σώματα ἦσαν ἐρρωμένοι καὶ ἀγαθοὶ τὰς ψυχάς, ὅπλα δὲ οὐκ εἶχον ἰσχυρά, τούτοις τῶν ὅπλων τὰ χρησιμώτατα ἐπέλεξε, καὶ ὡς τὸ ἔργον ἤπειγεν, ὁμοῦ τοῖς Ἀργείοις καὶ Σικυωνίοις καὶ τούτους ἔτασσε·
The sentence has a main verb ἐπέλεξε with a coordinated main verb ἔτασσε; several subordinate clauses are participial/relative and somewhat elliptical in their predicate structure.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | Pk-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun introducing the subject clause. |
| 2 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Pg-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | Article with partitive/attributive use. |
| 3 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Np-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὅσοι | nmod | high | Dependent on the partitive genitive construction. |
| 4 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 Ἀρκάδων | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive groups. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Pg-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article. |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Np-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ἀρκάδων | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive group. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Pg-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 σώματα | det | high | Article with σώματα. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 τὰ | discourse | medium | Correlative particle; attached to the first contrasted element. |
| 9 | σώματα | σῶμα | NOUN | Nb-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἦσαν | obj | high | Accusative of respect with ἐρρωμένοι/ἀγαθοί. |
| 10 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | Vm3piia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 28 ἐπέλεξε | advcl | medium | Copular form within the relative clause; clause headed by ἐπέλεξε. |
| 11 | ἐρρωμένοι | ῥώννυμι | VERB | Vprppanm--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Participial predicate with ἦσαν. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἀγαθοὶ | cc | high | Connects the second predicative adjective. |
| 13 | ἀγαθοὶ | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἦσαν. |
| 14 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Pg-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ψυχάς | det | high | Article with ψυχάς. |
| 15 | ψυχάς | ψυχή | NOUN | Nb-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἀγαθοὶ | obl | medium | Accusative of respect. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | Nb-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 εἶχον | nsubj | medium | Subject of εἶχον. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 20 εἶχον | discourse | high | Contrastive particle. |
| 19 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 20 εἶχον | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 20 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 28 ἐπέλεξε | advcl | high | Verb of the coordinated contrast clause. |
| 21 | ἰσχυρά | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ὅπλα | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective modifying ὅπλα. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 εἶχον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπέλεξε | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary of ἐπέλεξε. |
| 24 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Pg-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ὅπλων | det | high | Article. |
| 25 | ὅπλων | ὅπλον | NOUN | Nb-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 χρησιμώτατα | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with superlative phrase. |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Pg-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 χρησιμώτατα | det | high | Article. |
| 27 | χρησιμώτατα | χρήσιμος | ADJ | A-p---na-s | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπέλεξε | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπέλεξε. |
| 28 | ἐπέλεξε | ἐπιλέγω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐπέλεξε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 43 ἔτασσε | cc | high | Coordinates the final clause. |
| 31 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Df-------- | _ | 34 ἤπειγεν | mark | medium | Introduces temporal/circumstantial clause. |
| 32 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Pg-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 ἔργον | det | high | Article. |
| 33 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | Nb-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 ἤπειγεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἤπειγεν. |
| 34 | ἤπειγεν | ἀπείγω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 43 ἔτασσε | advcl | high | Circumstantial subordinate verb. |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἤπειγεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 36 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 43 ἔτασσε | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔτασσε. |
| 37 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Pg-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 Ἀργείοις | det | high | Article. |
| 38 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 ἔτασσε | obl | high | Dative governed by ὁμοῦ. |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 40 Σικυωνίοις | cc | high | Coordinates dative complements. |
| 40 | Σικυωνίοις | Σικυώνιος | PROPN | A-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 Ἀργείοις | conj | high | Second coordinated dative. |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 42 τούτους | cc | high | Coordinates direct objects. |
| 42 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 ἔτασσε | obj | high | Direct object of ἔτασσε. |
| 43 | ἔτασσε | τάσσω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 28 ἐπέλεξε | conj | high | Coordinated main verb. |
| 44 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 ἔτασσε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὴν δὲ φάλαγγα ἐπὶ πλέον ἥπλωσεν, ὡς μὴ κυκλωθεῖεν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων.
The ὡς μή + optative clause is best taken as a purpose/fear clause dependent on ἥπλωσεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 φάλαγγα | det | high | Article modifying φάλαγγα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἥπλωσεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | φάλαγγα | φάλαγξ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἥπλωσεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἥπλωσεν. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 5 πλέον | case | high | Adposition with πλέον. |
| 5 | πλέον | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἥπλωσεν | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative of extent, literally 'further/more'. |
| 6 | ἥπλωσεν | ἁπλόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἥπλωσεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 10 κυκλωθεῖεν | mark | high | Marks purpose/result clause. |
| 9 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | _ | 10 κυκλωθεῖεν | advmod | high | Negative particle in subordinate clause. |
| 10 | κυκλωθεῖεν | κυκλόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 6 ἥπλωσεν | advcl | high | Dependent clause expressing feared purpose/result. |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 13 ἐναντίων | case | high | Agentive preposition. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἐναντίων | det | high | Article modifying ἐναντίων. |
| 13 | ἐναντίων | ἐναντίος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 κυκλωθεῖεν | obl | high | Agent phrase with ὑπό. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἥπλωσεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
προείδετο δὲ καὶ ὅπως τεταγμένοις σφίσι τὸ ὄρος ἡ Ἰθώμη κατὰ νώτου γίνοιτο.
The syntax is a main verb of foresight with a ὅπως-clause; τεταγμένοις σφίσι forms a participial circumstance, and ὄρος is best taken as the accusative complement/object with γίνοιτο despite some ambiguity.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προείδετο | προοράω | VERB | V-3SIMI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, imperfect middle/passive form. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | P | _ | 1 προείδετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὅπως | cc | high | Connects ὅπως-clause with prior idea. |
| 4 | ὅπως | ὅπως | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 προείδετο | mark | high | Introduces subordinate clause of purpose/result. |
| 5 | τεταγμένοις | τάσσω | VERB | V-SMP-P--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 γίνοιτο | advcl | medium | Perfect middle/passive participle agreeing with σφίσι; likely circumstantial. |
| 6 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 τεταγμένοις | obl | high | Dative governed by participle; reflexive/dative of reference. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ὄρος | det | high | Article modifying ὄρος. |
| 8 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 γίνοιτο | obj | high | Accusative subject/complement of γίνοιτο in the subordinate clause. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ἰθώμη | det | high | Article modifying Ἰθώμη. |
| 10 | Ἰθώμη | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | Ne-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γίνοιτο | nsubj | high | Subject of γίνοιτο. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 12 νώτου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 12 | νώτου | νῶτον | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 γίνοιτο | obl | high | Prepositional phrase with κατά. |
| 13 | γίνοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3SPOO-- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 1 προείδετο | ccomp | high | Optative verb in subordinate clause after ὅπως. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προείδετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ τούτοις μὲν Κλέοννιν ἐπέταξεν ἡγεμόνα·
The accusative ἡγεμόνα is best taken as appositional to Κλέοννιν, describing the person appointed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐπέταξεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD--DP--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπέταξεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary with ἐπέταξεν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 2 τούτοις | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | Κλέοννιν | Κλέωννις | PROPN | N-PRI---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπέταξεν | obj | high | Proper noun in accusative. |
| 5 | ἐπέταξεν | ἐπιτάσσω | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | ἡγεμόνα | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-AMS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Κλέοννιν | appos | medium | Apposition to Κλέοννιν: 'as leader'. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπέταξεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |