Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.11.4

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Passage 4.11.4

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2sentences parsed

58Greek tokens

1,709input tokens

4,202output tokens

Sentence 3

4.11.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 25
Input: 809
Output: 1,940
Total: 2,749

οἱ δὲ ὁπλῖται τῶν Μεσσηνίων καὶ συμμάχων τήν τε ἔφοδον τὴν πρώτην τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ὑπέμειναν καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο ἦσαν ἤδη καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἀνδρεῖοι.

The subject οἱ ὁπλῖται governs both ὑπέμειναν and ἦσαν; τήν τε ἔφοδον ... τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων is the object of ὑπέμειναν, while μετὰ τοῦτο is temporal. The final καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἀνδρεῖοι means ‘also brave in other respects’; ἄλλα is substantivized/neuter adverbial accusative.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T---NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	3 ὁπλῖται	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	15 ὑπέμειναν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὁπλῖται	ὁπλίτης	NOUN	N---NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ὑπέμειναν	nsubj	high
4	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T---GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	5 Μεσσηνίων	det	high
5	Μεσσηνίων	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	A---GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ὁπλῖται	nmod	high	Ethnic name used substantivally.
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 συμμάχων	cc	high
7	συμμάχων	σύμμαχος	NOUN	N---GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ὁπλῖται	nmod	high	Coordinated genitive with Μεσσηνίων.
8	τήν	ὁ	DET	T---AFA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	10 ἔφοδον	det	high
9	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	10 ἔφοδον	cc	high	Correlative τε with καί at token 16.
10	ἔφοδον	ἔφοδος	NOUN	N---AFA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ὑπέμειναν	obj	high
11	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T---AFA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 πρώτην	det	high
12	πρώτην	πρῶτος	ADJ	A---AFA-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|NumType=Ord\|Number=Sing	10 ἔφοδον	amod	high	Attributive adjective in repeated article-noun phrase.
13	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T---GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	14 Λακεδαιμονίων	det	high
14	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A---GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἔφοδον	nmod	high	Ethnic name used substantivally; genitive dependent on ἔφοδον.
15	ὑπέμειναν	ὑπομένω	VERB	V---IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist-form ambiguity is absent here: lexical form is imperfect indicative active.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	19 ἦσαν	cc	high	Coordinates the second finite predicate with ὑπέμειναν.
17	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R--------	_	18 τοῦτο	case	high	Temporal μετά with accusative.
18	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	P---ANS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	19 ἦσαν	obl	high	Accusative object of temporal μετά.
19	ἦσαν	εἰμί	VERB	V---IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	15 ὑπέμειναν	conj	high	Imperfect of εἰμί; predicate adjective follows.
20	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	D--------	_	19 ἦσαν	advmod	high
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	24 ἀνδρεῖοι	cc	medium	Correlative with τε at token 9, or additive emphasis with τὰ ἄλλα.
22	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T---NPN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	23 ἄλλα	det	high	Article in substantivized phrase τὰ ἄλλα.
23	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A---NPN-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	24 ἀνδρεῖοι	obl	medium	Form is nominative/accusative neuter plural; analyzed as substantivized predicate-related phrase, with possible adverbial accusative interpretation.
24	ἀνδρεῖοι	ἀνδρεῖος	ADJ	A---NPM-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἦσαν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective agreeing with subject ὁπλῖται.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	15 ὑπέμειναν	punct	high

Sentence 4

4.11.4 sentence 4

Tokens: 33
Input: 900
Output: 2,262
Total: 3,162

ἀριθμῷ μὲν δὴ τῶν ἐναντίων ἀπελείποντο, λογάδες δὲ ὄντες ἐμάχοντο πρὸς δῆμον καὶ οὐχ ὁμοίως πρὸς κρείττους, ᾗ καὶ μᾶλλον τῇ τε ἄλλῃ προθυμίᾳ καὶ ταῖς ἐμπειρίαις ἐπὶ πολὺ ἀντεῖχον.

The subject is implicit plural; ἀριθμῷ ... ἀπελείποντο gives the respect in which they were inferior, while ᾗ introduces the resulting comparative circumstance. κρείττους is substantivized and governed by πρός; ἐπὶ πολὺ modifies ἀντεῖχον.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀριθμῷ	ἀριθμός	NOUN	N-dat-s	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἀπελείποντο	obl	high	Dative of respect: inferior in number.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	Prt	_	6 ἀπελείποντο	discourse	high
3	δὴ	δή	PART	Prt	_	6 ἀπελείποντο	discourse	high
4	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-art-gpn	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ἐναντίων	det	high
5	ἐναντίων	ἐναντίος	ADJ	A-gpn	Case=Gen\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ἀριθμῷ	nmod	high	Substantivized: the opponents.
6	ἀπελείποντο	ἀπολείπω	VERB	V-impf-mid-ind-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Implicit plural subject.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἀπελείποντο	punct	high
8	λογάδες	λογάς	ADJ	A-nmp	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ἐμάχοντο	xcomp	high	Predicative adjective, ‘picked/elite’; subject is implicit.
9	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	11 ἐμάχοντο	cc	high
10	ὄντες	εἰμί	AUX	V-pres-act-ptcp-nmp	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 ἐμάχοντο	advcl	high	Concessive/circumstantial participle.
11	ἐμάχοντο	μάχομαι	VERB	V-impf-mid-ind-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	6 ἀπελείποντο	conj	high	Coordinate verb to ἀπελείποντο.
12	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	P	_	13 δῆμον	case	high
13	δῆμον	δῆμος	NOUN	N-acc-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἐμάχοντο	obl	high	Opponent introduced by πρός.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	16 ὁμοίως	cc	high	Coordinates the second adverbial phrase.
15	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	Prt-Neg	Polarity=Neg	16 ὁμοίως	advmod	high
16	ὁμοίως	ὁμοίως	ADV	D	_	11 ἐμάχοντο	advmod	high	‘Not similarly’ modifies fighting.
17	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	P	_	18 κρείττους	case	high
18	κρείττους	κρείσσων	ADJ	A-amp	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ὁμοίως	obl	high	Substantivized comparative: stronger opponents.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἐμάχοντο	punct	high
20	ᾗ	ᾗ	ADV	D-rel	_	32 ἀντεῖχον	advmod	medium	Relative adverb, ‘whereby/insofar as’; may be analyzed as an instrumental relative.
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	22 μᾶλλον	advmod	high	Intensifying καί with μᾶλλον.
22	μᾶλλον	μάλα	ADV	D-Cmp	Degree=Cmp	32 ἀντεῖχον	advmod	high
23	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-art-fds	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 προθυμίᾳ	det	high
24	τε	τε	CCONJ	Conj	_	26 προθυμίᾳ	cc	high	Correlative τε with καί.
25	ἄλλῃ	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-fds	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 προθυμίᾳ	amod	high
26	προθυμίᾳ	προθυμία	NOUN	N-dat-s	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 ἀντεῖχον	obl	high	Dative of means or respect.
27	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	29 ἐμπειρίαις	cc	high	Coordinates the second instrumental dative.
28	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	T-art-fdp	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	29 ἐμπειρίαις	det	high
29	ἐμπειρίαις	ἐμπειρία	NOUN	N-dat-p	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	32 ἀντεῖχον	obl	high	Dative of means or respect.
30	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	31 πολὺ	case	high	With accusative in the idiom ἐπὶ πολύ.
31	πολὺ	πολύς	ADJ	A-ans	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	32 ἀντεῖχον	obl	high	Adverbial accusative in ἐπὶ πολύ, ‘for a long time/to a great extent’.
32	ἀντεῖχον	ἀντέχω	VERB	V-impf-act-ind-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	11 ἐμάχοντο	conj	high	Coordinate/resulting verb; subject remains implicit.
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἀπελείποντο	punct	high

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