Grammar parses for passage 4.12.1
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίους δὲ ἐλύπει μὲν καὶ τὸ γεγονὸς πταῖσμα, τεθνεώτων ἐν τῇ μάχῃ πολλῶν τε καὶ ἀξίων λόγου, παρίστατο δὲ καὶ ἐς τὴν πᾶσαν ἐλπίδα τοῦ πολέμου σφίσιν ἀθύμως ἔχειν·
Two coordinated predicates govern Λακεδαιμονίους: ἐλύπει takes τὸ γεγονὸς πταῖσμα as subject, while παρίστατο is impersonal in sense with an accusative-and-infinitive construction (σφίσιν ... ἔχειν); τεθνεώτων is a genitive absolute, and πολλῶν τε καὶ ἀξίων λόγου modifies the substantivized participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐλύπει | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 3 ἐλύπει | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐλύπει | λυπέω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X- | _ | 3 ἐλύπει | discourse | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 8 πταῖσμα | cc | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 γεγονὸς | det | high | |
| 7 | γεγονὸς | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAPNSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 πταῖσμα | amod | high | Substantivized perfect participle. |
| 8 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐλύπει | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐλύπει | punct | high | |
| 10 | τεθνεώτων | θνῄσκω | VERB | V-RAPGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἐλύπει | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; subject is πολλῶν τε καὶ ἀξίων λόγου. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P- | _ | 13 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 13 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τεθνεώτων | obl | high | |
| 14 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 τεθνεώτων | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective in the genitive absolute. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 14 πολλῶν | cc | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 17 ἀξίων | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἀξίων | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 πολλῶν | conj | high | Substantivized adjective coordinated with πολλῶν. |
| 18 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀξίων | nmod | high | Genitive of worth/consideration: ἄξιοι λόγου. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐλύπει | punct | high | |
| 20 | παρίστατο | παρίστημι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐλύπει | conj | high | Impersonal/semi-impersonal coordinated predicate. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 20 παρίστατο | cc | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 20 παρίστατο | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P- | _ | 26 ἐλπίδα | case | high | |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 πᾶσαν | det | high | |
| 25 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐλπίδα | amod | high | |
| 26 | ἐλπίδα | ἐλπίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 παρίστατο | obl | high | Accusative with ἐς; phrase means regarding the entire hope/outlook of the war. |
| 27 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 28 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐλπίδα | nmod | high | |
| 29 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 31 ἔχειν | iobj | high | Reflexive/dative pronoun referring to the Lacedaemonians. |
| 30 | ἀθύμως | ἄθυμος | ADV | A/B- | _ | 31 ἔχειν | advmod | high | |
| 31 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 20 παρίστατο | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on παρίστατο, with σφίσιν as its understood experiencer. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 παρίστατο | punct | high |
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο θεωροὺς ἀποστέλλουσιν ἐς Δελφούς.
Simple coordination: διὰ τοῦτο is a causal prepositional phrase modifying ἀποστέλλουσιν; θεωρούς is the accusative object and ἐς Δελφούς the destination.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 5 ἀποστέλλουσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 3 τοῦτο | case | high | Causal διά with accusative. |
| 3 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obl | high | Accusative object of causal διά. |
| 4 | θεωροὺς | θεωρός | NOUN | N-A--AMN | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obj | high | |
| 5 | ἀποστέλλουσιν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Δελφούς | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 7 | Δελφούς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-P---AMN | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 5 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high |
οὔ σε μάχης μόνον ἔργʼ ἐφέπειν χερὶ Φοῖβος ἄνωγεν, ἀλλʼ ἀπάτῃ μὲν ἔχει γαῖαν Μεσσηνίδα λαός, ταῖς δʼ αὐταῖς τέχναισιν ἁλώσεται αἷσπερ ὑπῆρξεν.
Poetic syntax: ἄνωγεν governs the infinitive ἐφέπειν with σε as its object; the second clause has λαός as subject of ἔχει and implicit subject of ἁλώσεται. ὑπῆρξεν is an aorist relative predicate, with αἷσπερ referring to τέχναις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἄνωγεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | σε | σύ | PRON | P-2-S-A | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 6 ἐφέπειν | obj | high | Object of the infinitive. |
| 3 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-G-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργʼ | nmod | high | |
| 4 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | A-S-A-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργʼ | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘only’. |
| 5 | ἔργʼ | ἔργον | NOUN | N-A-PN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐφέπειν | obj | high | Elided final vowel. |
| 6 | ἐφέπειν | ἐφέπω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἄνωγεν | ccomp | medium | Infinitive governed by ἄνωγεν; exact lexical parsing is somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | χερὶ | χείρ | NOUN | N-D-SF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐφέπειν | obl | medium | Instrumental dative, ‘by hand’. |
| 8 | Φοῖβος | Φοῖβος | PROPN | N-N-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἄνωγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | ἄνωγεν | ἄνωγα | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect with present force. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἄνωγεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἔχει | cc | high | Elided form. |
| 12 | ἀπάτῃ | ἀπάτη | NOUN | N-D-SF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔχει | obl | high | Means/instrument dative. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἔχει | discourse | high | Correlative with δʼ. |
| 14 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἄνωγεν | conj | high | |
| 15 | γαῖαν | γαῖα | NOUN | N-A-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔχει | obj | high | |
| 16 | Μεσσηνίδα | Μεσσηνίς | ADJ | A-A-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 γαῖαν | amod | high | Ethnic adjective. |
| 17 | λαός | λαός | NOUN | N-N-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔχει | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔχει | punct | high | |
| 19 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | D-D-PF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 τέχναισιν | det | high | |
| 20 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 ἁλώσεται | cc | high | Elided form. |
| 21 | αὐταῖς | αὐτός | ADJ | A-D-PF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 τέχναισιν | amod | high | Intensive adjective agreeing with τέχναισιν. |
| 22 | τέχναισιν | τέχνη | NOUN | N-D-PF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἁλώσεται | obl | high | Means dative. |
| 23 | ἁλώσεται | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-FMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 14 ἔχει | conj | high | Implicit subject is λαός. |
| 24 | αἷσπερ | ὅστις | PRON | R-D-PF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 25 ὑπῆρξεν | obl | medium | Relative dative referring to τέχναισιν; form is epic/poetic. |
| 25 | ὑπῆρξεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 23 ἁλώσεται | acl:relcl | medium | Relative predicate; subject is understood from context, likely the same λαός. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἄνωγεν | punct | high |