Grammar parses for passage 4.12.1
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίους δὲ ἐλύπει μὲν καὶ τὸ γεγονὸς πταῖσμα, τεθνεώτων ἐν τῇ μάχῃ πολλῶν τε καὶ ἀξίων λόγου, παρίστατο δὲ καὶ ἐς τὴν πᾶσαν ἐλπίδα τοῦ πολέμου σφίσιν ἀθύμως ἔχειν·
The syntax is paratactic: ἐλύπει and παρίστατο each function as main verbs, with a genitive absolute (τεθνεώτων...) and an infinitival complement (ἐς ... ἔχειν) attached to the second clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐλύπει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐλύπει in accusative with personal name/ethnicon. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐλύπει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐλύπει | λυπέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐλύπει | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἐλύπει | cc | medium | Links coordinated/additive predicate/frame elements; exact attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πταῖσμα | det | high | Article modifying πταῖσμα. |
| 7 | γεγονὸς | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 πταῖσμα | amod | medium | Perfect participle modifying πταῖσμα; could also be part of an attributive phrase. |
| 8 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐλύπει | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject-like clause element with ἐλύπει. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐλύπει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | τεθνεώτων | θνῄσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἐλύπει | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; attachment to main verb. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 13 μάχῃ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 μάχῃ | det | high | Article with μάχῃ. |
| 13 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τεθνεώτων | obl | high | Object of ἐν within genitive absolute. |
| 14 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 τεθνεώτων | amod | high | Modifier within genitive absolute. |
| 15 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 14 πολλῶν | discourse | medium | Enclitic connector in coordinated phrase. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 πολλῶν | cc | high | Coordination with ἀξίων. |
| 17 | ἀξίων | ἄξιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 πολλῶν | conj | high | Coordinated adjective within genitive absolute. |
| 18 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀξίων | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἄξιος. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐλύπει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | παρίστατο | παρίστημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb; likely paratactic with ἐλύπει. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 παρίστατο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 παρίστατο | cc | high | Adds the infinitival clause to the preceding predicate. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 26 ἐλπίδα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ἐλπίδα | det | high | Article with ἐλπίδα. |
| 25 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐλπίδα | amod | high | Modifier of ἐλπίδα. |
| 26 | ἐλπίδα | ἐλπίς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἔχειν | obl | medium | Likely object/complement of ἔχειν within infinitival clause; attached to infinitive. |
| 27 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 πολέμου | det | high | Article with πολέμου. |
| 28 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐλπίδα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἐλπίδα. |
| 29 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 31 ἔχειν | obl | high | Dative of reference/possession with ἔχειν. |
| 30 | ἀθύμως | ἀθύμως | ADV | _ | _ | 31 ἔχειν | advmod | high | Modifies infinitive ἔχειν. |
| 31 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 20 παρίστατο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after παρίστατο. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 παρίστατο | punct | high | Punctuation. |