Grammar parses for passage 4.11.8
Open translation for this passage
τοὺς δὲ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων διαφθαρέντας ἐν τῇ μάχῃ συλλαβεῖν μὲν οὐχ οἷά τε ἦν ἀριθμῷ, πείθομαι δὲ εἶναι καὶ αὐτὸς πολλούς.
The first infinitival clause is an accusative-and-infinitive complement of an implied subject: τοὺς ... διαφθαρέντας συλλαβεῖν οὐχ οἷά τε ἦν ἀριθμῷ, ‘it was not possible to capture the slain Lacedaemonians in number’; πείθομαι introduces a second infinitive clause, εἶναι πολλούς, with αὐτός as the speaker’s emphatic subject. The exact force of ἀριθμῷ is somewhat elliptical/uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 διαφθαρέντας | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 17 πείθομαι | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 διαφθαρέντας | nmod | high | |
| 5 | διαφθαρέντας | διαφθείρω | VERB | V-APPAMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 συλλαβεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative subject-like argument of the infinitive; semantically ‘those who were killed/destroyed’. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R---- | _ | 8 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 8 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 διαφθαρέντας | obl | high | |
| 9 | συλλαβεῖν | συλλαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἦν | xcomp | high | |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X---- | _ | 9 συλλαβεῖν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν paired with δέ at token 18. |
| 11 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D---- | Polarity=Neg | 12 οἷά | advmod | high | Phonological form before vowel. |
| 12 | οἷά | οἷος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἦν | pred | medium | Predicative neuter plural in the idiom οὐχ οἷά τε ἦν, ‘it was not possible’. |
| 13 | τε | τε | PART | X---- | _ | 12 οἷά | fixed | medium | Part of the idiomatic expression οἷά τε. |
| 14 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SIIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ἀριθμῷ | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 συλλαβεῖν | obl | low | Elliptical dative of respect/measure; attachment to συλλαβεῖν is uncertain. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 17 | πείθομαι | πείθω | VERB | V-1S मुPM | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 14 ἦν | parataxis | high | Deponent middle, ‘I am persuaded/I believe’. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 17 πείθομαι | cc | high | |
| 19 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 πείθομαι | ccomp | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 21 αὐτὸς | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’. |
| 21 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Emphatic nominative subject of εἶναι. |
| 22 | πολλούς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate/complement with εἶναι, agreeing with an understood plural object/persons. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἦν | punct | high |
ἡ δὲ οἴκαδε ἀναχώρησις τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις καθʼ ἡσυχίαν, Κορινθίοις δὲ ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι χαλεπή· διὰ πολεμίας γὰρ ἐγίνετο ὁμοίως διά τε τῆς Ἀργείας πειρωμένοις καὶ παρὰ Σικυῶνα ἀνασωθῆναι.
The first clause has a postponed/elliptical infinitival complement: ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι governs χαλεπή, with the dative Κορινθίοις as experiencer/affected group. In the second clause ἐγίνετο is impersonal/passive in sense, with coordinated means/routes expressed by διὰ + genitive and παρὰ + accusative; πειρωμένοις is a dative participle agreeing with the understood Corinthians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀναχώρησις | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἀναχώρησις | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἀναχώρησις | advmod | high | Directional adverb, ‘homeward’. |
| 4 | ἀναχώρησις | ἀναχώρησις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἄλλοις | det | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 7 ἄλλοις | cc:preconj | high | Correlative μέν with δέ at token 12. |
| 7 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἔμελλεν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 8 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 ἡσυχίαν | case | high | Elided form. |
| 9 | ἡσυχίαν | ἡσυχία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔμελλεν | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative in the phrase καθ’ ἡσυχίαν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | Κορινθίοις | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἔμελλεν | iobj | high | Dative of the affected/experiencing group. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 13 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | ἔσεσθαι | εἰμί | AUX | V-FMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Future|Voice=Middle | 15 χαλεπή | cop | high | Future infinitive of εἰμί; ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι = ‘was destined to be’. |
| 15 | χαλεπή | χαλεπός | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with infinitival complement. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 πολεμίας | case | high | |
| 18 | πολεμίας | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐγίνετο | obl | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘enemy territory/land’. |
| 19 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἐγίνετο | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 20 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 13 ἔμελλεν | parataxis | medium | Imperfect middle; construction is somewhat elliptical, with understood subject/reference to the return. |
| 21 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 ἐγίνετο | advmod | high | |
| 22 | διά | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 Ἀργείας | case | high | Second διά phrase coordinated with τε. |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 διά | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator linking the route phrases. |
| 24 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 Ἀργείας | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἀργείας | Ἀργεία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐγίνετο | obl | high | Argive territory/land. |
| 26 | πειρωμένοις | πειράομαι | VERB | V-PMP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 20 ἐγίνετο | advcl | medium | Dative participle, likely agreeing with understood Κορινθίοις; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 παρὰ | cc | high | |
| 28 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 Σικυῶνα | case | high | With accusative, indicating route/place alongside or past. |
| 29 | Σικυῶνα | Σικυών | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐγίνετο | obl | high | |
| 30 | ἀνασωθῆναι | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 20 ἐγίνετο | xcomp | medium | Aorist passive infinitive, likely complementing the idea of attempting to get safely home; attachment is syntactically elliptical. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐγίνετο | punct | high |