Grammar parses for passage 4.12.2
Open translation for this passage
ὁ πρὸς ταῦτα τοῖς βασιλεῦσι καὶ τοῖς ἐφόροις τέχνας μὲν οὖν προθυμουμένοις οὐκ ἐγίνετο ἀνευρεῖν·
The sentence has an impersonal/passive construction: ἀνευρεῖν is the complementary infinitive with ἐγίνετο, while ὁ ... προθυμουμένοις is an articular participial subject phrase; τοῖς βασιλεῦσι καὶ τοῖς ἐφόροις are dative participants with προθυμουμένοις. The exact attachment of ὁ and the participle is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 προθυμουμένοις | det | high | Articular participle phrase; article agrees with the understood masculine singular subject. |
| 2 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 3 ταῦτα | case | high | |
| 3 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | RD-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 προθυμουμένοις | obl | high | Object of πρὸς. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 βασιλεῦσι | det | high | |
| 5 | βασιλεῦσι | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 προθυμουμένοις | obl | high | Dative complement/participant with προθυμουμένοις. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐφόροις | cc | high | |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐφόροις | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐφόροις | ἔφορος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 βασιλεῦσι | conj | high | Coordinated with βασιλεῦσι. |
| 9 | τέχνας | τέχνη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἀνευρεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject/object-like complement of the infinitive ἀνευρεῖν: to find devices/stratagems. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἐγίνετο | discourse | medium | Correlative particle, with no following explicit δέ in the supplied sentence. |
| 11 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἐγίνετο | discourse | high | |
| 12 | προθυμουμένοις | προθυμέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐγίνετο | csubj | medium | Articular dative participle; elliptical/semantically compressed construction, likely referring to those who were eager. |
| 13 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 14 ἐγίνετο | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/elliptical finite predicate: it did not prove possible. |
| 15 | ἀνευρεῖν | ἀνευρίσκω | VERB | V-ANA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 ἐγίνετο | xcomp | high | Complementary aorist infinitive with ἐγίνετο. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐγίνετο | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ Ὀδυσσέως τῶν ἔργων ἀπομιμούμενοι τὸ ἐπὶ Ἰλίῳ πέμπουσιν ἄνδρας ἑκατὸν ἐς Ἰθώμην συνήσοντας ἃ μηχανῶνται, λόγῳ δὲ αὐτομόλους·
The participial subject οἱ ... ἀπομιμούμενοι governs πέμπουσιν; τὸ ἐπὶ Ἰλίῳ is an elliptical accusative phrase (‘the [episode] concerning Ilium’), and συνήσοντας is a future participle of purpose. The final accusative αὐτομόλους is predicative/appositional to ἄνδρας, with λόγῳ contrasting intended action and stated pretext.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-d-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπομιμούμενοι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 πέμπουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ὀδυσσέως | Ὀδυσσεύς | PROPN | Ne-----g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργων | nmod | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-g-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἔργων | det | high | |
| 5 | ἔργων | ἔργον | NOUN | Nn-gen------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπομιμούμενοι | obj | medium | Genitive object with ἀπομιμέομαι. |
| 6 | ἀπομιμούμενοι | ἀπομιμέομαι | VERB | Vppnpm------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 πέμπουσιν | advcl | high | |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-an-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 πέμπουσιν | obj | medium | Article substantivizes an elliptical neuter phrase. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Ἰλίῳ | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἰλίῳ | Ἴλιον | PROPN | Neol-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 τὸ | nmod | high | Dat. with ἐπί: concerning/at Ilium. |
| 10 | πέμπουσιν | πέμπω | VERB | V3PPAI-------- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | Nn-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πέμπουσιν | obj | high | |
| 12 | ἑκατὸν | ἑκατόν | NUM | Ma-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 11 ἄνδρας | nummod | high | Invariant cardinal modifying ἄνδρας. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Ἰθώμην | case | high | |
| 14 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | Neaf-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πέμπουσιν | obl | high | |
| 15 | συνήσοντας | συνίημι | VERB | Vfpaanm------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 πέμπουσιν | advcl | high | Future participle of purpose, agreeing with ἄνδρας. |
| 16 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | Pr-an-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 17 μηχανῶνται | obj | high | |
| 17 | μηχανῶνται | μηχανάομαι | VERB | V3PPMI-------- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 15 συνήσοντας | ccomp | high | Relative clause embedded under the purpose participle. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 πέμπουσιν | punct | high | |
| 19 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N----d---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 αὐτομόλους | obl | medium | Dative of respect or means: in word/pretext. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 αὐτομόλους | cc | high | |
| 21 | αὐτομόλους | αὐτόμολος | ADJ | A-p---am-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἄνδρας | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with ἄνδρας: defectors/deserters in reality. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 πέμπουσιν | punct | high |
ἦν δὲ καὶ φυγὴ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ κατεγνωσμένη.
Impersonal εἰμί with φυγή as subject; κατεγνωσμένη agrees with φυγή and is modified by the genitive absolute-like phrase ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ‘openly/publicly’ (literally ‘from the manifest [state]’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 4 φυγὴ | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | P | _ | 4 φυγὴ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D | _ | 4 φυγὴ | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also’. |
| 4 | φυγὴ | φυγή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject of the copular clause. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀνδρῶν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 φυγὴ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φυγή: ‘flight of the men’. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 9 φανεροῦ | case | high | |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 φανεροῦ | det | high | |
| 9 | φανεροῦ | φανερός | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 κατεγνωσμένη | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the manifest/open’; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ idiomatically means ‘openly/publicly’. |
| 10 | κατεγνωσμένη | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-RMPNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Pass | 4 φυγὴ | acl | medium | Perfect passive participle agreeing with φυγή; κατεγνωσμένη ‘condemned/decided against’. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 φυγὴ | punct | high |
τούτους ἥκοντας ἀπέπεμπεν αὐτίκα Ἀριστόδημος, Λακεδαιμονίων φήσας τὰ ἀδικήματα καινὰ εἶναι, τὰ δὲ σοφίσματα ἀρχαῖα.
Ἀριστόδημος is the subject of ἀπέπεμπεν; τούτους ἥκοντας is the object with a supplementary participle. φήσας introduces an accusative-and-infinitive construction: τὰ ἀδικήματα καινὰ εἶναι, τὰ δὲ σοφίσματα ἀρχαῖα, with omitted εἶναι in the coordinated second predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-am-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 ἀπέπεμπεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | ἥκοντας | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 τούτους | acl | high | Supplementary participle with τούτους. |
| 3 | ἀπέπεμπεν | ἀποπέμπω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D | AdvType=Tim | 3 ἀπέπεμπεν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | Ἀριστόδημος | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | Nbsm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 3 ἀπέπεμπεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπέπεμπεν | punct | high | |
| 7 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-gp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 8 φήσας | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of φήσας in the reported-content construction. |
| 8 | φήσας | φημί | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἀπέπεμπεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | LAPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἀδικήματα | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀδικήματα | ἀδίκημα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 11 | καινὰ | καινός | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 εἶναι | อpred | high | Predicate adjective with εἶναι. |
| 12 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 φήσας | ccomp | high | Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction after φήσας. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | LAPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 σοφίσματα | det | high | |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 σοφίσματα | cc | high | |
| 16 | σοφίσματα | σόφισμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 εἶναι | conj | high | Coordinated accusative subject/predicate clause; understood εἶναι. |
| 17 | ἀρχαῖα | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 σοφίσματα | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with understood εἶναι. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπέπεμπεν | punct | high |