Grammar parses for passage 4.12.3
Open translation for this passage
ἁμαρτόντες δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοῦ ἐγχειρήματος δεύτερα ἐπειρῶντο τῶν Μεσσηνίων διαλῦσαι τὸ συμμαχικόν·
Concessive/temporal participle ἁμαρτόντες has the Spartans as its understood subject; δεύτερα modifies ἐπειρῶντο adverbially (‘a second time’), and τῶν Μεσσηνίων is the genitive object of διαλῦσαι in the sense ‘dissolve the alliance of the Messenians’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἁμαρτόντες | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-AA-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | advcl | high | Concessive/temporal aorist participle; subject is οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 4 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic proper name used substantivally. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 6 ἐγχειρήματος | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐγχειρήματος | ἐγχείρημα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 1 ἁμαρτόντες | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἁμαρτόντες (‘fail in/miss the attempt’). |
| 7 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADV | A-NPN | Degree=Pos | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | advmod | medium | Neuter plural accusative used adverbially, ‘a second time’; exact lexical tagging varies. |
| 8 | ἐπειρῶντο | πειράω | VERB | V-IIM-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle ‘attempted/endeavored’. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 10 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 10 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 συμμαχικόν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on συμμαχικόν, ‘the alliance of the Messenians’; alternatively analyzable as a genitive object of διαλῦσαι. |
| 11 | διαλῦσαι | διαλύω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἐπειρῶντο. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 13 συμμαχικόν | det | high | |
| 13 | συμμαχικόν | συμμαχικός | NOUN | A-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 11 διαλῦσαι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the alliance’; object of διαλῦσαι. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | punct | high |
ἀντειπόντων δὲ τῶν Ἀρκάδων ---παρὰ γὰρ τούτους πρότερον ἀφίκοντο οἱ πρέσβεις ---οὕτω τὴν ἐπʼ Ἄργος ἐπέσχον πορείαν.
The sentence has a genitive absolute (ἀντειπόντων τῶν Ἀρκάδων) followed by a parenthetical explanatory clause (παρὰ γὰρ τούτους πρότερον ἀφίκοντο οἱ πρέσβεις), then the main clause οὕτω ... ἐπέσχον πορείαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀντειπόντων | ἀντεῖπον | VERB | V--AAP-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 12 ἀφίκοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with τῶν Ἀρκάδων. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἀντειπόντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 4 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 1 ἀντειπόντων | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the absolute participle. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀντειπόντων | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀντειπόντων | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀντειπόντων | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 8 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | case | high | With accusative τούτους: ‘to/with these’; adverbial phrase. |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | advmod | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 10 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural|PronType=Dem | 12 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Object of παρά, referring to the Arcadians. |
| 11 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A-S---N | Degree=Pos | 12 ἀφίκοντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 12 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V--IMI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 1 ἀντειπόντων | parataxis | medium | Finite verb in the parenthetical explanatory clause; formally independent from the genitive absolute. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 14 πρέσβεις | det | high | |
| 14 | πρέσβεις | πρέσβυς | NOUN | N--NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 12 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 18 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 22 ἐπέσχον | advmod | high | ‘Thus/in consequence’; modifies ἐπέσχον. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SFA | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 23 πορείαν | det | high | |
| 20 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 ἐπέσχον | case | high | Elided preposition governing Ἄργος. |
| 21 | Ἄργος | Ἄργος | PROPN | Ne--ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 22 ἐπέσχον | obl | high | Accusative of direction with ἐπί. |
| 22 | ἐπέσχον | ἐπέχω | VERB | V--AAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb: ‘they held back/stopped’. |
| 23 | πορείαν | πορεία | NOUN | N--SFA | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 22 ἐπέσχον | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπέσχον. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐπέσχον | punct | high |
Ἀριστόδημος δὲ πυνθανόμενος τὰ πρασσόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων πέμπει καὶ αὐτὸς ἐρησομένους τὸν θεόν, ἡ δὲ Πυθία σφίσιν ἔχρησε·
The sentence has two coordinated finite clauses: Aristodemus sends envoys to inquire of the god, while the Pythia gives them an oracle. The participle ἐρησομένους is an accusative future middle circumstantial/purpose participle agreeing with an understood object of πέμπει; σφίσιν is the dative recipient of ἔχρησε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστόδημος | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πέμπει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 πέμπει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πυνθανόμενος | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-PMPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 πέμπει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 πρασσόμενα | det | high | |
| 5 | πρασσόμενα | πράσσω | VERB | V-PPPNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 πυνθανόμενος | obj | high | Substantivized accusative neuter plural participle, ‘the things being done’. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 8 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πρασσόμενα | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 9 | πέμπει | πέμπω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 πέμπει | cc | high | Coordinates αὐτός with the subject understood from Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 11 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | PNSM1---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 9 πέμπει | nsubj | medium | Emphatic nominative pronoun, coreferential with Ἀριστόδημος; some schemes tag it PRON rather than DET. |
| 12 | ἐρησομένους | ἔρομαι | VERB | V-FPMPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 πέμπει | xcomp | medium | Future middle participle, purpose/result-oriented; its implied accusative subject/object is not overtly expressed. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 θεόν | det | high | |
| 14 | θεόν | θεός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐρησομένους | obj | high | Object of ἐρησομένους. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πέμπει | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | A-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Πυθία | det | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 20 ἔχρησε | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing the second clause. |
| 18 | Πυθία | Πυθία | PROPN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἔχρησε | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P--------D | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ἔχρησε | iobj | high | Dative recipient, ‘to them’. |
| 20 | ἔχρησε | χράω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 πέμπει | conj | high | Finite verb of the coordinated second clause; ‘gave an oracle’. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πέμπει | punct | high |