Grammar parses for passage 4.12.3
Open translation for this passage
ἁμαρτόντες δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοῦ ἐγχειρήματος δεύτερα ἐπειρῶντο τῶν Μεσσηνίων διαλῦσαι τὸ συμμαχικόν·
The syntax is a bit compressed: ἁμαρτόντες is best taken as an adverbial participle with the main verb ἐπειρῶντο, and the genitive Μεσσηνίων may be construed as the subject of the infinitive διαλῦσαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἁμαρτόντες | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | PAPM-NPM | Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, nominative masculine plural, adverbial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | Article with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NPMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | nsubj | high | Ethnonym used substantively as subject. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἐγχειρήματος | det | high | Article with ἐγχειρήματος. |
| 6 | ἐγχειρήματος | ἐγχείρημα | NOUN | NSGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | obl | medium | Genitive complement, likely with ἀμαρτόντες/ἐπειρῶντο construction. |
| 7 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 διαλῦσαι | obj | medium | Likely adverbial accusative of degree/again, but morphologically neuter plural adjective. |
| 8 | ἐπειρῶντο | πειράω | VERB | VIMI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίων. |
| 10 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NPMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 διαλῦσαι | nsubj | medium | Genitive plural, likely dependent on infinitive with its own subject in indirect discourse. |
| 11 | διαλῦσαι | διαλύω | VERB | VANA | Aspect=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 συμμαχικόν | det | high | Article with συμμαχικόν. |
| 13 | συμμαχικόν | συμμαχικός | ADJ | AASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 διαλῦσαι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective as object of διαλῦσαι. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπειρῶντο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἀντειπόντων δὲ τῶν Ἀρκάδων ---παρὰ γὰρ τούτους πρότερον ἀφίκοντο οἱ πρέσβεις ---οὕτω τὴν ἐπʼ Ἄργος ἐπέσχον πορείαν.
The parenthetical παρέμβαση interrupts the main clause; ἀντειπόντων forms a genitive absolute, while ἐπέσχον πορείαν is the main predication with an ellipted sense of 'delay/hold back the route'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀντειπόντων | ἀντεῖπον | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἀφίκοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle with omitted subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | Article with Ἀρκάδων. |
| 4 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀντειπόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Dashes in the text. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Dashes in the text. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Dashes in the text. |
| 8 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | Case=Acc | 10 τούτους | case | high | Governs accusative here. |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 10 | τούτους | οὗτος | DET | pd-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀφίκοντο | obl | medium | Likely refers to the Arcadians; object of παρά-phrase. |
| 11 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | d-------- | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 12 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the parenthetical clause. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 πρέσβεις | det | high | Article with πρέσβεις. |
| 14 | πρέσβεις | πρέσβυς | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίκοντο. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Dashes in the text. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Dashes in the text. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Dashes in the text. |
| 18 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 22 ἐπέσχον | advmod | high | Manner adverb modifying ἐπέσχον. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πορείαν | det | high | Article with πορείαν. |
| 20 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | Case=Acc | 21 Ἄργος | case | high | Preposition with Ἄργος. |
| 21 | Ἄργος | Ἄργος | PROPN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 πορείαν | nmod | high | Object of the prepositional phrase modifying πορείαν. |
| 22 | ἐπέσχον | ἐπέχω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 23 πορείαν | acl:relcl | medium | Likely relative/attributive clause modifying πορείαν; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 23 | πορείαν | πορεία | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπέσχον | obj | high | Object of ἐπέσχον. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἀριστόδημος δὲ πυνθανόμενος τὰ πρασσόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων πέμπει καὶ αὐτὸς ἐρησομένους τὸν θεόν, ἡ δὲ Πυθία σφίσιν ἔχρησε·
Two coordinated main clauses: the first with an internal participial purpose clause (ἐρησομένους τὸν θεόν), and the second introduced by δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστόδημος | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πέμπει | nsubj | high | Subject of πέμπει. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 πέμπει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | πυνθανόμενος | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | VMPN-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 Ἀριστόδημος | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | B-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 πρασσόμενα | det | high | Article with participle used substantivally. |
| 5 | πρασσόμενα | πράσσω | VERB | VMPPNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 3 πυνθανόμενος | obj | medium | Accusative substantive participle, object of πυνθανόμενος. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 8 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | Introduces agent phrase. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | B-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | Article modifying Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πρασσόμενα | nmod | high | Genitive agent phrase with ὑπό. |
| 9 | πέμπει | πέμπω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 πέμπει | cc | high | Connects coordinated predicate/phrase. |
| 11 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | A-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πέμπει | nsubj | medium | Intensive pronoun, likely with implied Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 12 | ἐρησομένους | ἐράω | VERB | VMPA-PM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 πέμπει | obj | high | Participle of purpose with πέμπει. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | B-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 θεόν | det | high | Article modifying θεόν. |
| 14 | θεόν | θεός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐρησομένους | obj | high | Object of ἐρησομένους. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πέμπει | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 16 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | B-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Πυθία | det | high | Article with Πυθία. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 ἔχρησε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle in second clause. |
| 18 | Πυθία | Πυθία | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἔχρησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχρησε. |
| 19 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ἔχρησε | iobj | high | Indirect object / beneficiary. |
| 20 | ἔχρησε | χράω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause main verb. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔχρησε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |