Grammar parses for passage 4.12.4
Open translation for this passage
κῦδός σοι πολέμοιο διδοῖ θεός· ἀλλʼ ἀπάταισι φράζεο μὴ Σπάρτης δόλιος λόχος ἐχθρὸς ἀνέλθῃ κρείσσων·
The second clause is an imperative with a μή-containing subjunctive complement: ‘but take heed lest a deceitful, hostile Spartan ambush rise superior’; κρείσσων is predicative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κῦδός | κῦδος | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 διδοῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | σοι | σύ | PRON | p2s---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 4 διδοῖ | iobj | high | |
| 3 | πολέμοιο | πόλεμος | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 κῦδός | nmod | high | |
| 4 | διδοῖ | δίδωμι | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Epic/Ionic present form. |
| 5 | θεός | θεός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 διδοῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 διδοῖ | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 φράζεο | cc | high | Elided form. |
| 8 | ἀπάταισι | ἀπάτη | NOUN | n-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 φράζεο | obl | medium | Epic/Ionic dative plural; likely instrumental sense, ‘by deceits’. |
| 9 | φράζεο | φράζω | VERB | v2smm---- | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 4 διδοῖ | parataxis | high | Middle imperative. |
| 10 | μὴ | μή | PART | d-------- | Polarity=Neg | 15 ἀνέλθῃ | advmod | high | |
| 11 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 λόχος | nmod | high | |
| 12 | δόλιος | δόλιος | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λόχος | amod | high | |
| 13 | λόχος | λόχος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνέλθῃ | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ἐχθρὸς | ἐχθρός | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λόχος | amod | high | |
| 15 | ἀνέλθῃ | ἀνέρχομαι | VERB | v3sasa--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 φράζεο | ccomp | high | Jussive/prohibitive content clause after φράζεο μή. |
| 16 | κρείσσων | κρείσσων | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνέλθῃ | xcomp | medium | Predicative comparative, with omitted complement. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φράζεο | punct | high |
ἦ γὰρ Ἄρης κείνων εὐήρεα τεύχη καί τὸ χορῶν στεφάνωμα πικροὺς οἰκήτορας ἕξει, τῶν δύο συντυχίαις κρυπτὸν λόχον ἐξαναδύντων.
Poetic/proverbial syntax: Ἄρης is the subject of ἕξει, with coordinated objects εὐήρεα τεύχη and τὸ χορῶν στεφάνωμα; τῶν δύο συντυχίαις is an instrumental/causal genitive-absolute-like phrase, though the construction is somewhat elliptical and κρυπτὸν λόχον is its object/accusative participial complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦ | ἦ | PART | X | Polarity=Pos | 13 ἕξει | discourse | medium | Interjective/emphatic particle; analysis as discourse particle is conventional but context-sensitive. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | X | _ | 13 ἕξει | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | Ἄρης | Ἄρης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἕξει | nsubj | high | Proper name, nominative subject. |
| 4 | κείνων | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 5 εὐήρεα | nmod | medium | Genitive demonstrative; likely dependent on εὐήρεα τεύχη, with poetic/elliptical reference. |
| 5 | εὐήρεα | εὐήρης | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 τεύχη | amod | high | Accusative neuter plural agreeing with τεύχη. |
| 6 | τεύχη | τεῦχος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἕξει | obj | high | First coordinated accusative object of ἕξει. |
| 7 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 στεφάνωμα | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative objects. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 στεφάνωμα | det | high | Article agreeing with στεφάνωμα. |
| 9 | χορῶν | χορός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 στεφάνωμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on στεφάνωμα, probably objective or descriptive. |
| 10 | στεφάνωμα | στεφάνωμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἕξει | obj | high | Second coordinated accusative object of ἕξει. |
| 11 | πικροὺς | πικρός | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 οἰκήτορας | amod | high | Accusative masculine plural agreeing with οἰκήτορας. |
| 12 | οἰκήτορας | οἰκήτωρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἕξει | obj | high | Additional accusative object/predicative object associated with ἕξει; poetic construction. |
| 13 | ἕξει | ἔχω | VERB | V-FAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἕξει | punct | high | |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 δύο | det | high | Article with substantivized/elliptical genitive plural δύο. |
| 16 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 20 ἐξαναδύντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive plural numeral in an absolute-like participial construction; agreement is elliptical. |
| 17 | συντυχίαις | συντυχία | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἐξαναδύντων | obl | medium | Dative plural, likely instrumental or causal: ‘through/by encounters’. |
| 18 | κρυπτὸν | κρυπτός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 λόχον | amod | high | Accusative masculine singular agreeing with λόχον. |
| 19 | λόχον | λόχος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐξαναδύντων | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἐξαναδύντων within the difficult participial phrase. |
| 20 | ἐξαναδύντων | ἐξαναδύω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἕξει | advcl | low | Genitive plural present active participle; likely genitive absolute or quasi-absolute, but the exact attachment and semantic role are uncertain. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἕξει | punct | high |
οὐ πρόσθεν δὲ τέλος τόδʼ ἐπόψεται ἱερὸν ἦμαρ, πρὶν τὰ παραλλά ξαν τα φύσιν τὸ ξαν χρεὼν ἀφίκηται.
The sentence is textually difficult: παραλλάξαντα is split across tokens 12–14 and ξαν is likewise split/repeated; the intended construction appears to be a temporal πρίν clause with τὰ ... παραλλάξαντα modifying τὸ ... χρεών, while ἐπόψεται is the main future verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-N- | Polarity=Neg | 6 ἐπόψεται | advmod | high | |
| 2 | πρόσθεν | πρόσθεν | ADV | D-A- | _ | 6 ἐπόψεται | advmod | high | |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐπόψεται | cc | high | |
| 4 | τέλος | τέλος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπόψεται | nsubj | medium | Likely nominative subject, though the clause is textually problematic. |
| 5 | τόδʼ | ὅδε | DET | P-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 τέλος | det | high | Enclitic-apostrophized form of τόδε. |
| 6 | ἐπόψεται | ἐποράω | VERB | V-FIM-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Future middle; exact lexical parsing may be affected by the transmitted text. |
| 7 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἦμαρ | amod | high | |
| 8 | ἦμαρ | ἦμαρ | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπόψεται | obj | medium | Neuter nominative/accusative form; treated as object of ἐπόψεται. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπόψεται | punct | high | |
| 10 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 19 ἀφίκηται | mark | high | |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 παραλλά | det | high | |
| 12 | παραλλά | παραλλάσσω | VERB | V-AAP-NPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 φύσιν | acl | low | Split token sequence likely belongs to παραλλάξαντα; analysis is necessarily uncertain. |
| 13 | ξαν | παραλλάσσω | X | _ | _ | 12 παραλλά | flat | low | Likely continuation of the split participle παραλλάξαντα, not an independent word. |
| 14 | τα | παραλλάσσω | X | _ | _ | 12 παραλλά | flat | low | Likely continuation of the split participle παραλλάξαντα, not an independent word. |
| 15 | φύσιν | φύσις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 παραλλά | obj | medium | Accusative object of the participle, if the split reading is reconstructed. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 χρεὼν | det | high | |
| 17 | ξαν | ξένος | X | _ | _ | 18 χρεὼν | compound | low | Text appears corrupt or split; retained as an unanalyzable fragment. |
| 18 | χρεὼν | χρεών | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἀφίκηται | nsubj | medium | Impersonal necessity noun; likely the substantive subject of ἀφίκηται. |
| 19 | ἀφίκηται | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMS-3S- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐπόψεται | advcl | medium | Aorist middle subjunctive in the πρίν clause. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπόψεται | punct | high |
τότε μὲν δὴ Ἀριστόδημος καὶ οἱ μάντεις ἀπείρως εἶχον συμβαλέσθαι τὸ εἰρημένον· ἔτεσι δὲ ὕστερον οὐ πολλοῖς ἀναφαίνειν τε καὶ ἐς τέλος ἄξειν ἔμελλεν ὁ θεός.
Two coordinated clauses: Ἀριστόδημος καὶ οἱ μάντεις initially could not interpret the oracle; later the god was destined to reveal and fulfill it. The infinitives συμβαλέσθαι, ἀναφαίνειν, and ἄξειν are complementary to εἶχον/ἔμελλεν, with τὸ εἰρημένον as their object or interpreted utterance.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 9 εἶχον | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 εἶχον | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δὲ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 εἶχον | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Ἀριστόδημος | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | Ne-msn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εἶχον | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 μάντεις | cc | high | |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 μάντεις | det | high | |
| 7 | μάντεις | μάντις | NOUN | N-mp-n | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἀριστόδημος | conj | high | Coordinated subject with Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 8 | ἀπείρως | ἄπειρος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 εἶχον | advmod | high | Adverbial predicate/complement meaning lacking ability or experience. |
| 9 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V3PIAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | συμβαλέσθαι | συμβάλλω | VERB | V--AMN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 9 εἶχον | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---na-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 εἰρημένον | det | high | |
| 12 | εἰρημένον | λέγω | VERB | V-RMPN--S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 συμβαλέσθαι | obj | medium | Substantivized perfect passive participle, ‘the thing said’; formally could be analyzed as adjective/noun. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἶχον | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἔτεσι | ἔτος | NOUN | N-dp-n | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ὕστερον | obl | high | Dative of extent of time. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 25 ἔμελλεν | discourse | high | Correlative contrast with μέν. |
| 16 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 ἔμελλεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, modified by ἔτεσι. |
| 17 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | G-------- | _ | 19 ἀναφαίνειν | advmod | high | Negates ἀναφαίνειν. |
| 18 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | A--dp-n | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἔτεσι | amod | high | Agrees with ἔτεσι. |
| 19 | ἀναφαίνειν | ἀναφαίνω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | medium | Complementary infinitive coordinated with ἄξειν; subject is ὁ θεός. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 καὶ | cc | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἀναφαίνειν | conj | high | Coordinates ἀναφαίνειν and ἄξειν through τε καί. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 τέλος | case | high | |
| 23 | τέλος | τέλος | NOUN | N-as-n | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἄξειν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase ἐς τέλος. |
| 24 | ἄξειν | ἄγω | VERB | V--FAN---- | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἀναφαίνειν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive, with τὸ εἰρημένον understood as object. |
| 25 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V3SIIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 9 εἶχον | parataxis | high | Second finite clause after punctuation. |
| 26 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 θεός | det | high | |
| 27 | θεός | θεός | NOUN | N-msn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |