Grammar parses for passage 4.12.5
Open translation for this passage
ἕτερα δὲ ἐν τῷ τότε τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις συνέβαινε τοιαῦτα.
The syntax is elliptical and somewhat loose: ἕτερα and τοιαῦτα are both neuter plural and likely function together as the notional subject of συνέβαινε, with ἐν τῷ τότε forming a temporal modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἕτερα | ἕτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 8 συνέβαινε | nsubj | high | Predicate-like subject; neuter plural used substantively. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 συνέβαινε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 8 συνέβαινε | obl | high | Introduces temporal phrase. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 5 τότε | det | high | Article with adverbial τότε. |
| 5 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 3 ἐν | fixed | medium | Likely part of temporal expression ἐν τῷ τότε. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 7 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | Article with ethnic noun. |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 8 συνέβαινε | obl | high | Dative of interest/advantage. |
| 8 | συνέβαινε | συμβαίνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 9 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 8 συνέβαινε | nsubj | medium | Can be analyzed as second subject/predicative nominative with ἕτερα; here attached as coordinated subject-like element. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συνέβαινε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λυκίσκου μετοικοῦντος ἐν Σπάρτῃ τὴν θυγατέρα ἐπέλαβεν ἀποθανεῖν, ἣν ἅμα ἀγόμενος ἔφυγεν ἐκ Μεσσήνης.
The sentence contains a genitive absolute opening clause and a relative clause with a participial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυκίσκου | Λυκίσκος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 μετοικοῦντος | advcl | high | Genitive absolute subject of the participial clause. |
| 2 | μετοικοῦντος | μετοικέω | VERB | V-PAP-SMG | Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἐπέλαβεν | advcl | high | Participial clause in genitive absolute. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 4 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 4 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 μετοικοῦντος | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--SAF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 θυγατέρα | det | high | Article modifying θυγατέρα. |
| 6 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπέλαβεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 7 | ἐπέλαβεν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 8 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAN | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἐπέλαβεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 10 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | RP---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 13 ἔφυγεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to θυγατέρα. |
| 11 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D | _ | 12 ἀγόμενος | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀγόμενος. |
| 12 | ἀγόμενος | ἄγω | VERB | V-PPM-SNM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 ἔφυγεν | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying ἔφυγεν. |
| 13 | ἔφυγεν | φεύγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἐπέλαβεν | acl:relcl | high | Main verb of the relative clause. |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 15 Μεσσήνης | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 15 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔφυγεν | obl | high | Source/location complement with ἐκ. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
πολλάκις δὲ αὐτὸν φοιτῶντα ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα τῆς παιδὸς λοχήσαντες ἱππεῖς τῶν Ἀρκάδων αἱροῦσιν·
The syntax is a main clause with two participial modifiers: φοιτῶντα agreeing with αὐτόν and λοχήσαντες agreeing with ἱππεῖς; the genitive τῆς παιδός most likely depends on μνῆμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πολλάκις | πολλάκις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 αἱροῦσιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 αἱροῦσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3ams--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 φοιτῶντα | obj | high | Object of φοιτῶντα. |
| 4 | φοιτῶντα | φοιτάω | VERB | PAPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 αἱροῦσιν | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the main verb; accusative agrees with αὐτὸν. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 μνῆμα | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ μνῆμα. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S-NS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 μνῆμα | det | high | Article with μνῆμα. |
| 7 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 φοιτῶντα | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐπὶ. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 παιδὸς | det | high | Article with παιδός. |
| 9 | παιδὸς | παῖς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 μνῆμα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of μνῆμα; likely possessive/relational. |
| 10 | λοχήσαντες | λοχάω | VERB | AAPNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 αἱροῦσιν | advcl | high | Aorist participle with the subject ἱππεῖς. |
| 11 | ἱππεῖς | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 αἱροῦσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of αἱροῦσιν. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | Article with Ἀρκάδων. |
| 13 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Np-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἱππεῖς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἱππεῖς. |
| 14 | αἱροῦσιν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 αἱροῦσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἀναχθεὶς δὲ ἐς τὴν Ἰθώμην καὶ ἐς ἐκκλησίαν καταστὰς ἀπελογεῖτο ὡς οὐ προδιδοὺς τὴν πατρίδα ἀποχωρήσαι, πειθόμενος δὲ τοῖς ῥηθεῖσιν ὑπὸ τοῦ μάντεως ἐς τὴν παῖδα ὡς οὖσαν οὐ γνησίαν.
The syntax is shaped by two participial circumstantial clauses before the main verb, followed by an infinitival content clause and a later participial phrase with an elliptical predicative statement about the girl’s legitimacy.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀναχθεὶς | ἀνάγω | VERB | AAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with understood subject of ἀπελογεῖτο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Ἰθώμην | case | high | Introduces goal phrase. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | AP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἰθώμην | det | high | Article. |
| 5 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀναχθεὶς | obl | high | Place name as oblique complement of ἀναχθεὶς. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 καταστὰς | cc | high | Coordinates the second participial phrase. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 8 ἐκκλησίαν | case | high | Introduces goal phrase. |
| 8 | ἐκκλησίαν | ἐκκλησία | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 καταστὰς | obl | high | Oblique complement of καταστὰς. |
| 9 | καταστὰς | καθίστημι | VERB | AAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle coordinated with ἀναχθεὶς. |
| 10 | ἀπελογεῖτο | ἀπολογέομαι | VERB | IMPF-M/P-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἀποχωρήσαι | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing reported purpose/content. |
| 12 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 13 προδιδοὺς | advmod | high | Negation of participle. |
| 13 | προδιδοὺς | προδίδωμι | VERB | PAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἀποχωρήσαι | advcl | high | Participial clause dependent on ἀποχωρήσαι. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | AP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πατρίδα | det | high | Article. |
| 15 | πατρίδα | πατρίς | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 προδιδοὺς | obj | high | Object of προδιδοὺς. |
| 16 | ἀποχωρήσαι | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | AAAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive in indirect statement/content. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | punct | high | Comma. |
| 18 | πειθόμενος | πείθω | VERB | PMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | advcl | high | Concessive/circumstantial participle. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 πειθόμενος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 20 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | AP-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ῥηθεῖσιν | det | high | Article. |
| 21 | ῥηθεῖσιν | λέγω | VERB | AAPDPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 18 πειθόμενος | obl | high | Substantivized participle governed by πειθόμενος. |
| 22 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 24 μάντεως | case | high | Agent marker. |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | AP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 μάντεως | det | high | Article. |
| 24 | μάντεως | μάντις | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ῥηθεῖσιν | nmod | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 27 παῖδα | case | high | Introduces goal phrase. |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | AP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 παῖδα | det | high | Article. |
| 27 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πειθόμενος | obl | high | Oblique complement of πειθόμενος. |
| 28 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 29 οὖσαν | mark | high | Introduces comparative/content clause. |
| 29 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | VERB | PAPASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 γνησίαν | advcl | medium | Participle agreeing with παῖδα; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 30 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 31 γνησίαν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 31 | γνησίαν | γνήσιος | ADJ | A--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 οὖσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with implied ἔχουσαν/οὖσαν relation; analysis uncertain. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |