Grammar parses for passage 4.12.5
Open translation for this passage
ἕτερα δὲ ἐν τῷ τότε τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις συνέβαινε τοιαῦτα.
The impersonal verb συνέβαινε takes the neuter plural subject ἕτερα τοιαῦτα; τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις is a dative of experiencer/affected participant, and ἐν τῷ τότε is a temporal phrase. The coordinated/adversative δὲ is syntactically discourse-level.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἕτερα | ἕτερος | ADJ | A--NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 συνέβαινε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 συνέβαινε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 τότε | case | high | |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-SDN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 τότε | det | high | |
| 5 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 συνέβαινε | obl | high | Substantivized temporal adverb within ἐν τῷ τότε. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-PDM | _ | 7 Μεσσηνίοις | case | high | |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Ne-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συνέβαινε | iobj | high | Dative of persons affected/experiencing what occurred. |
| 8 | συνέβαινε | συμβαίνω | VERB | V3SIIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A--NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἕτερα | conj | high | Coordinated/predicative-like neuter plural complement to the subject ἕτερα; together ἕτερα ... τοιαῦτα means ‘other such things’. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συνέβαινε | punct | high |
πολλάκις δὲ αὐτὸν φοιτῶντα ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα τῆς παιδὸς λοχήσαντες ἱππεῖς τῶν Ἀρκάδων αἱροῦσιν·
The participial phrase φοιτῶντα ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα τῆς παιδὸς is the object-oriented complement of αὐτόν, while λοχήσαντες is a circumstantial participle modifying ἱππεῖς; αἱροῦσιν is the main verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πολλάκις | πολλάκις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 αἱροῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 αἱροῦσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 αἱροῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 4 | φοιτῶντα | φοιτάω | VERB | V-PAP-SMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 αὐτὸν | acl | high | Participial description of αὐτόν. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 μνῆμα | case | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 μνῆμα | det | high | |
| 7 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 φοιτῶντα | obl | high | Destination with ἐπί. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 παιδὸς | det | high | |
| 9 | παιδὸς | παῖς | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 μνῆμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μνῆμα. |
| 10 | λοχήσαντες | λοχάω | VERB | V-AAP-PNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἱππεῖς | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, likely ‘having ambushed’; its subject is ἱππεῖς. |
| 11 | ἱππεῖς | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 αἱροῦσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἱππεῖς | nmod | high | Genitive of affiliation: Arcadian horsemen. |
| 14 | αἱροῦσιν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 αἱροῦσιν | punct | high |
ἀναχθεὶς δὲ ἐς τὴν Ἰθώμην καὶ ἐς ἐκκλησίαν καταστὰς ἀπελογεῖτο ὡς οὐ προδιδοὺς τὴν πατρίδα ἀποχωρήσαι, πειθόμενος δὲ τοῖς ῥηθεῖσιν ὑπὸ τοῦ μάντεως ἐς τὴν παῖδα ὡς οὖσαν οὐ γνησίαν.
The sentence has a main imperfect ἀπελογεῖτο with coordinated circumstantial participles ἀναχθείς, καταστάς, and πειθόμενος. The infinitive ἀποχωρῆσαι is governed by the ὡς-clause as its content, with προδιδοὺς expressing the alleged reason/condition; ῥηθεῖσιν is a substantivized aorist passive participle, and οὖσαν agrees with παῖδα in the final ὡς clause. The syntax of ὡς οὐ προδιδοὺς is somewhat compressed and is annotated conservatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀναχθεὶς | ἀνάγω | VERB | V-APP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist passive participle, subject understood as the subject of ἀπελογεῖτο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 5 Ἰθώμην | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἰθώμην | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | NE-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀναχθεὶς | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 9 καταστὰς | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 8 ἐκκλησίαν | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 8 | ἐκκλησίαν | ἐκκλησία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 καταστὰς | obl | high | Destination/context with ἐς. |
| 9 | καταστὰς | καθίστημι | VERB | V-2AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, coordinated with ἀναχθείς. |
| 10 | ἀπελογεῖτο | ἀπολογέομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C- | _ | 16 ἀποχωρήσαι | mark | medium | Introduces the reported content/reason for the infinitive phrase. |
| 12 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 13 προδιδοὺς | advmod | high | |
| 13 | προδιδοὺς | προδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 16 ἀποχωρήσαι | advcl | medium | Participial phrase is compressed within the ὡς construction. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πατρίδα | det | high | |
| 15 | πατρίδα | πατρίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 προδιδοὺς | obj | high | |
| 16 | ἀποχωρήσαι | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | xcomp | medium | Infinitive of reported content, dependent on ἀπελογεῖτο; its subject is controlled by the main subject. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | punct | high | |
| 18 | πειθόμενος | πείθομαι | VERB | V-PPM-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | advcl | high | Present middle participle, coordinated with the earlier circumstantial participles. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 18 πειθόμενος | cc | high | |
| 20 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RD-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ῥηθεῖσιν | det | high | |
| 21 | ῥηθεῖσιν | ἐρῶ | VERB | V-APP-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 18 πειθόμενος | obl | high | Substantivized participle: 'the things said'; lemma reflects the defective aorist passive formation of λέγω. |
| 22 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 24 μάντεως | case | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 μάντεως | det | high | |
| 24 | μάντεως | μάντις | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ῥηθεῖσιν | obl | high | |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 27 παῖδα | case | high | Direction toward or reference to the daughter. |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 παῖδα | det | high | |
| 27 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ῥηθεῖσιν | obl | high | Reference object of ἐς. |
| 28 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C- | _ | 29 οὖσαν | mark | high | Introduces the predicative characterization of παῖδα. |
| 29 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 27 παῖδα | acl | high | Predicative participle agreeing with παῖδα. |
| 30 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 31 γνησίαν | advmod | high | |
| 31 | γνησίαν | γνήσιος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 οὖσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with οὖσαν. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀπελογεῖτο | punct | high |