Grammar parses for passage 4.12.10
Open translation for this passage
Μεσσηνίους δέ, ὡς εἶδον, ἐτάραξε μὲν μεγάλως, καὶ εἴκαζον---ὥσπερ ἦν---παρὰ Λακεδαιμονίων εἶναι·
The finite forms εἶδον and εἴκαζον are syncretic between 1st singular and 3rd plural; the plural reading is preferred from the context. The parenthetic ὥσπερ ἦν is elliptic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-A---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐτάραξε | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐτάραξε. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐτάραξε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 7 ἐτάραξε | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 εἶδον | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 5 | εἶδον | ὁράω | VERB | V-AAI-1S/3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἐτάραξε | advcl | medium | Form is syncretic; interpreted here as 3rd plural, ‘when they saw’. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 5 εἶδον | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἐτάραξε | ταράσσω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐτάραξε | discourse | high | Correlative particle, paired with καί. |
| 9 | μεγάλως | μεγάλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἐτάραξε | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of ἐτάραξε. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 7 ἐτάραξε | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 εἴκαζον | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 12 | εἴκαζον | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-IAI-1S/3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 7 ἐτάραξε | conj | medium | Form is syncretic; interpreted as 3rd plural, coordinated with ἐτάραξε. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 12 εἴκαζον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 12 εἴκαζον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 12 εἴκαζον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 16 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἦν | mark | high | Introduces parenthetic comparison. |
| 17 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 12 εἴκαζον | parataxis | medium | Parenthetic clause, ‘as it was’; antecedent and exact attachment are elliptical. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 17 ἦν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 17 ἦν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 17 ἦν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 21 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 23 εἶναι | case | high | Takes the genitive Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 22 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 εἶναι | obl | high | Genitive complement of παρά with εἶναι. |
| 23 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 εἴκαζον | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of εἴκαζον, with omitted accusative subject understood as Μεσσηνίους. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 7 ἐτάραξε | punct | high |
παρεμυθεῖτο δὲ ὅμως αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἀριστόδημος λέγων ἄλλα τε ἃ ἐν τοῖς παροῦσιν εἰκὸς ἦν καὶ τοὺς ξυλίνους τρίποδας---ἐπεποίηντο γὰρ ἤδη ---περὶ τοῦ Ἰθωμάτα τὸν βωμὸν ἔστησε.
The final clause is syntactically difficult: ἔστησε governs τὸν βωμόν, with περὶ τοῦ Ἰθωμάτα specifying the altar's dedication; ἐπεποίηντο is parenthetical and elliptical in sense, referring to the wooden tripods as already made. The relative ἃ is accusative plural neuter, coordinated with ἄλλα, and εἰκὸς ἦν is an impersonal expression.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρεμυθεῖτο | παραμυθέομαι | VERB | V-3IplImf-Med | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 1 παρεμυθεῖτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | Adv | _ | 1 παρεμυθεῖτο | advmod | high | |
| 4 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-3AccPm | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Person=3 | 1 παρεμυθεῖτο | obj | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nomms | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 6 Ἀριστόδημος | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀριστόδημος | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | Noun-Nomms | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 παρεμυθεῖτο | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | λέγων | λέγω | VERB | V-PtcpNomms | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Participle|Voice=Active | 1 παρεμυθεῖτο | advcl | high | Circumstantial/modal participle. |
| 8 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | PRON | A-PAccpn | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 7 λέγων | obj | high | Substantival neuter plural. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἄλλα | cc | high | Correlates with καί at token 16. |
| 10 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-RAccpn | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 8 ἄλλα | conj | high | Relative pronoun, coordinated semantically with ἄλλα. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 13 παροῦσιν | case | high | |
| 12 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Art-Datpn | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 13 παροῦσιν | det | high | |
| 13 | παροῦσιν | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PtcpDatpn | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Participle|Voice=Active | 14 εἰκὸς | obl | medium | Substantivized: 'present circumstances'; governed by ἐν. |
| 14 | εἰκὸς | εἰκός | ADJ | A-Nomnn | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 15 ἦν | xcomp | high | Impersonal predicate with ἦν. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3IsImf | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 7 λέγων | ccomp | high | Impersonal εἰκὸς ἦν under λέγων. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 λέγων | cc | high | Coordinates the second object/statement of λέγων. |
| 17 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-Accpm | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 19 τρίποδας | det | high | |
| 18 | ξυλίνους | ξύλινος | ADJ | A-Accpm | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 19 τρίποδας | amod | high | |
| 19 | τρίποδας | τρίπους | NOUN | N-Accpm | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 7 λέγων | obj | high | Second object of λέγων, with intervening parenthesis. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 τρίποδας | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 τρίποδας | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 τρίποδας | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 23 | ἐπεποίηντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-3IpPluPlpf-Med | Mood=Ind|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Middle | 19 τρίποδας | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical; middle/pluperfect, with tripods as understood subject. |
| 24 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 23 ἐπεποίηντο | cc | high | Explanatory postpositive conjunction. |
| 25 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | Adv | _ | 23 ἐπεποίηντο | advmod | high | |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐπεποίηντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐπεποίηντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐπεποίηντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 29 | περὶ | περί | ADP | Prep | _ | 31 Ἰθωμάτα | case | high | With genitive. |
| 30 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gens | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 31 Ἰθωμάτα | det | high | |
| 31 | Ἰθωμάτα | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | Noun-Gens | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 33 βωμὸν | nmod | medium | Proper name's form/declension is uncertain; treated as genitive complement of βωμός. |
| 32 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art-Accsm | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 33 βωμὸν | det | high | |
| 33 | βωμὸν | βωμός | NOUN | N-Accsm | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 34 ἔστησε | obj | high | |
| 34 | ἔστησε | ἵστημι | VERB | V-3IsAa | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 7 λέγων | parataxis | medium | Main finite verb of the concluding coordinated statement; subject is understood as Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρεμυθεῖτο | punct | high |
συνέβη δὲ καὶ Ὀφιονέα τὸν μάντιν τοῦτον, τὸν ἐκ γενετῆς τυφλόν, ἀναβλέψαι παραλόγως δὴ μάλιστα ἀνθρώπων·
The impersonal συνέβη governs the articular infinitive ἀναβλέψαι; Ὀφιονέα is the accusative subject of the infinitive, with two accusative appositional descriptions. The adverbial superlative μάλιστα takes ἀνθρώπων as a partitive genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συνέβη | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-3SIAI | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συνέβη | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 14 ἀναβλέψαι | advmod | medium | Connective/additive καί; attachment to the infinitival event is preferred. |
| 4 | Ὀφιονέα | Ὀφιονεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 14 ἀναβλέψαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 6 μάντιν | det | high | |
| 6 | μάντιν | μάντις | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 4 Ὀφιονέα | appos | high | Apposition to Ὀφιονέα. |
| 7 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | RD-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 6 μάντιν | det | high | Demonstrative modifying μάντιν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 μάντιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 12 τυφλόν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 γενετῆς | case | high | |
| 11 | γενετῆς | γενετή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 12 τυφλόν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ in the phrase ἐκ γενετῆς. |
| 12 | τυφλόν | τυφλός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 4 Ὀφιονέα | appos | high | Second accusative appositional description of Ὀφιονέα. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 τυφλόν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἀναβλέψαι | ἀναβλέπω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 1 συνέβη | csubj | high | Articular infinitival event functioning as the subject/complement of impersonal συνέβη. |
| 15 | παραλόγως | παραλόγως | ADV | ADV | _ | 14 ἀναβλέψαι | advmod | high | |
| 16 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 17 μάλιστα | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle within the superlative adverbial phrase. |
| 17 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Superlative | 14 ἀναβλέψαι | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 17 μάλιστα | obl | high | Partitive genitive dependent on μάλιστα. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συνέβη | punct | high |
ἐπέλαβε γὰρ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἄλγημα αὐτὸν ἰσχυρόν, καὶ ἀνέβλεψεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ.
The idiom ἐπέλαβε τῆς κεφαλῆς ἄλγημα αὐτόν means that a severe pain of the head seized him; the coordination then states that he looked up/away from it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπέλαβε | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἄλγημα | acl | medium | Aorist active indicative; takes genitive complement and accusative experiencer. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπέλαβε | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 κεφαλῆς | det | high | |
| 4 | κεφαλῆς | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄλγημα | nmod | high | Genitive complement with ἄλγημα. |
| 5 | ἄλγημα | ἄλγημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Neuter nominative subject-like pivot; the preceding verb is construed impersonally/experientially. |
| 6 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASМ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 ἄλγημα | obj | high | Accusative experiencer of ἐπέλαβε. |
| 7 | ἰσχυρόν | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἄλγημα | amod | high | Accusative neuter adjective agreeing with understood/resultative accusative ἄλγημα; syntactically associated with the object construction. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπέλαβε | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἀνέβλεψεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second verbal clause. |
| 10 | ἀνέβλεψεν | ἀναβλέπω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἐπέλαβε | conj | high | Second coordinated aorist clause. |
| 11 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 12 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 12 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 ἀνέβλεψεν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό; refers to the ailment. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέβλεψεν | punct | high |