Grammar parses for passage 4.13.1
Open translation for this passage
τὰ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν---ἔρρεπε γὰρ ἤδη τὸ χρεὼν ἐς ἅλωσιν τῶν Μεσσηνίων---προεσήμαινεν αὐτοῖς τὰ μέλλοντα ὁ θεός.
The sentence contains a parenthetical causal clause introduced by γάρ and interrupted by dashes; the neuter article τὰ at the beginning is likely anticipatory and somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 προεσήμαινεν | obj | medium | Likely anticipatory article with implied neuter plural object; syntax somewhat elliptical because of interruption. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 19 προεσήμαινεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D | _ | 19 προεσήμαινεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the main verb. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 7 | ἔρρεπε | ῥέπω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 19 προεσήμαινεν | advcl | medium | Likely a parenthetical causal clause with γάρ; exact function somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 9 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying ἔρρεπε. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 χρεὼν | det | high | Article with χρεὼν. |
| 11 | χρεὼν | χρεών | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔρρεπε | nsubj | medium | Neuter substantive in accusative-like form; treated as subject-like in impersonal construction. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 13 ἅλωσιν | case | high | Preposition governing ἅλωσιν. |
| 13 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔρρεπε | obl | high | Prepositional complement indicating goal/result. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίων. |
| 15 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἅλωσιν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἅλωσιν. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 προεσήμαινεν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 προεσήμαινεν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 προεσήμαινεν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 19 | προεσήμαινεν | προσημαίνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 20 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 προεσήμαινεν | iobj | high | Indirect object. |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 μέλλοντα | det | high | Article with μέλλοντα. |
| 22 | μέλλοντα | μέλλω | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part | 19 προεσήμαινεν | obj | medium | Substantivized participle referring to 'the things to come'. |
| 23 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 θεός | det | high | Article with θεός. |
| 24 | θεός | θεός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 προεσήμαινεν | nsubj | high | Subject of προεσήμαινεν. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 προεσήμαινεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τρίτον δὲ ἄλλο συνέβη σφίσιν· οἱ κύνες συνιόντες ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ ἀνὰ πᾶσαν νύκτα ὠρύοντο, τέλος δὲ καὶ ἀπεχώρησαν ἀθρόοι πρὸς τὸ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων στρατόπεδον.
The syntax is mainly a sequence of coordinated clauses after the initial impersonal/eventive συνέβη; τρίτον and τέλος are adverbial, and ἄλλο is treated as the eventive object of συνέβη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τρίτον | τρίτος | ADJ | A-NEUT-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 συνέβη | advmod | high | Accusative adverbial use: 'for the third time/thirdly'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 4 συνέβη | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NEUT-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 συνέβη | obj | medium | Likely neuter accusative object with συνέβη, 'another thing'. |
| 4 | συνέβη | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 5 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---DV- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 συνέβη | iobj | high | Dative of reference/interest. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 συνέβη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-3MS--- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 κύνες | det | high | Article with κύνες. |
| 8 | κύνες | κύων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὠρύοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ὠρύοντο. |
| 9 | συνιόντες | συνίημι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 κύνες | acl | high | Participial modifier of κύνες. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 12 αὐτὸ | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ αὐτό. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-3NS--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 αὐτὸ | det | high | Article with αὐτό. |
| 12 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 συνιόντες | obl | medium | Fixed adverbial phrase 'to the same place'; headed by the participle. |
| 13 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | R | _ | 15 νύκτα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 14 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 νύκτα | amod | high | Modifies νύκτα. |
| 15 | νύκτα | νύξ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὠρύοντο | obl | high | Temporal oblique. |
| 16 | ὠρύοντο | ὠρύομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 4 συνέβη | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ὠρύοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | τέλος | τέλος | ADV | D | _ | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | advmod | high | Adverbial 'finally'. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 21 | ἀπεχώρησαν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 συνέβη | conj | high | Third coordinated main predicate. |
| 22 | ἀθρόοι | ἀθρόος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | advmod | medium | Adverbial predicative modifier 'in a body/together'. |
| 23 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 27 στρατόπεδον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-3NS--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 στρατόπεδον | det | high | Article with στρατόπεδον. |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-3PF--- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | Article with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 26 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-PGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 στρατόπεδον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of στρατόπεδον. |
| 27 | στρατόπεδον | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | obl | high | Goal/complement of πρὸς. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 συνέβη | punct | high | Punctuation. |