Grammar parses for passage 4.13.1
Open translation for this passage
τὰ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν---ἔρρεπε γὰρ ἤδη τὸ χρεὼν ἐς ἅλωσιν τῶν Μεσσηνίων---προεσήμαινεν αὐτοῖς τὰ μέλλοντα ὁ θεός.
Main clause: ὁ θεός προεσήμαινεν αὐτοῖς τὰ μέλλοντα; τὰ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν is a topicalized object-like phrase, with an inserted γάρ clause explaining the impending outcome. The three hyphens on each side of the parenthetical are treated as punctuation dashes.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-----NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 προεσήμαινεν | obj | medium | Article substantivized with μέλλοντα understood/associated; may be analyzed as part of a nominal object phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 τὰ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 τὰ | advmod | medium | Adverbial topical phrase, literally ‘from here/onward’; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | punct | high | Opening dash of parenthetical. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | punct | high | Opening dash of parenthetical. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | punct | high | Opening dash of parenthetical. |
| 7 | ἔρρεπε | ῥέπω | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 19 προεσήμαινεν | parataxis | high | Imperfect of ῥέπω, ‘was tending/declining’; parenthetical explanatory clause. |
| 8 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | advmod | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-----NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 χρεὼν | det | high | |
| 11 | χρεὼν | χρεών | NOUN | N-----NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔρρεπε | nsubj | high | Impersonal/substantive χρεών, ‘necessity/fate’; nominative neuter singular. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ἅλωσιν | case | high | |
| 13 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N----A-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔρρεπε | obl | high | Goal/result complement of ἔρρεπε: ‘toward capture’. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 15 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NPR----G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἅλωσιν | nmod | high | Ethnic name used substantivally: ‘of the Messenians’. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | punct | high | Closing dash of parenthetical. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | punct | high | Closing dash of parenthetical. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 7 ἔρρεπε | punct | high | Closing dash of parenthetical. |
| 19 | προεσήμαινεν | προσημαίνω | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 20 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-----DP- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 προεσήμαινεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient: ‘to them’. |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-----AP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 μέλλοντα | det | high | |
| 22 | μέλλοντα | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAPN-A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 προεσήμαινεν | obj | high | Substantivized present participle: ‘the things destined to happen’. |
| 23 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-----NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 θεός | det | high | |
| 24 | θεός | θεός | NOUN | N-----NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 προεσήμαινεν | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 19 προεσήμαινεν | punct | high |
τό τε γὰρ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος ἄγαλμα, ὂν χαλκοῦν καὶ αὐτὸ καὶ τὰ ὅπλα, παρῆκε τὴν ἀσπίδα· καὶ Ἀριστοδήμου τῷ Διὶ τῷ Ἰθωμάτᾳ θύειν μέλλοντος τὰ ἱερεῖα, οἱ κριοὶ ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν αὐτόματοι καὶ βίᾳ τὰ κέρατα ἐνράξαντες ἀποθνήσκουσιν ὑπὸ τῆς πληγῆς.
Two coordinated clauses: the Artemis statue is subject of παρῆκε, while οἱ κριοί is subject of ἀποθνήσκουσιν; μέλλοντος is a genitive absolute with understood Aristodemus as subject, and ὂν agrees with ἄγαλμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τό | ὁ | DET | T-S--NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | D--------- | _ | 3 γὰρ | cc | high | Correlative τε, continued by καί at token 20. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | _ | 16 παρῆκε | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀρτέμιδος | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | Ne----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | |
| 6 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | Ns----NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 παρῆκε | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὂν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὂν | ὅς | PRON | P---------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγαλμα | acl:relcl | high | Relative pronoun agreeing with ἄγαλμα. |
| 9 | χαλκοῦν | χάλκεος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὂν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with omitted εἰμί. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 11 αὐτὸ | cc | high | |
| 11 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Emp | 9 χαλκοῦν | conj | medium | Predicative/elliptical coordination: both statue and weapons are bronze. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 14 ὅπλα | cc | high | |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὅπλα | det | high | |
| 14 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N--NPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 χαλκοῦν | conj | high | Coordinated subject/predicate complement within the relative clause. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρῆκε | punct | high | |
| 16 | παρῆκε | παρίημι | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, ‘let go/released’. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀσπίδα | det | high | |
| 18 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 παρῆκε | obj | high | |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρῆκε | punct | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 42 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause. |
| 21 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | Ne----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 μέλλοντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Διὶ | det | high | |
| 23 | Διὶ | Ζεύς | PROPN | Ne----MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 θύειν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/deity of θύειν. |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Ἰθωμάτᾳ | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἰθωμάτᾳ | Ἰθωμάτας | PROPN | Ne----MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Διὶ | appos | high | Cult epithet/apposition to Διί. |
| 26 | θύειν | θύω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 μέλλοντος | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with μέλλοντος. |
| 27 | μέλλοντος | μέλλω | VERB | V-SGAP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 29 ἱερεῖα | acl | high | Genitive absolute; temporal participle. |
| 28 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἱερεῖα | det | high | |
| 29 | ἱερεῖα | ἱερεῖον | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 θύειν | obj | high | Object of θύειν. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 42 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | punct | high | |
| 31 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 κριοὶ | det | high | |
| 32 | κριοὶ | κριός | NOUN | N-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 33 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | AdpType=Prep | 35 βωμὸν | case | high | |
| 34 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 βωμὸν | det | high | |
| 35 | βωμὸν | βωμός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | obl | high | Goal/direction with ἐπί + accusative. |
| 36 | αὐτόματοι | αὐτόματος | ADJ | A-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | advmod | high | Predicative adjective, ‘of their own accord’. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 41 ἐνράξαντες | cc | high | |
| 38 | βίᾳ | βία | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 ἐνράξαντες | obl | high | Adverbial dative, ‘by force/violently’. |
| 39 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 40 κέρατα | det | high | |
| 40 | κέρατα | κέρας | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 41 ἐνράξαντες | obj | high | Object of ἐνράξαντες. |
| 41 | ἐνράξαντες | ἐνράσσω | VERB | V-PANP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 42 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | advcl | medium | Aorist participle; spelling/lemma may reflect ἐνράσσω ‘strike against’. |
| 42 | ἀποθνήσκουσιν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V3PAPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; coordinated with παρῆκε. |
| 43 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R--------- | AdpType=Prep | 45 πληγῆς | case | high | |
| 44 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 45 πληγῆς | det | high | |
| 45 | πληγῆς | πληγή | NOUN | N-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | obl:agent | high | Agent/cause with ὑπό + genitive. |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 42 ἀποθνήσκουσιν | punct | high |
τρίτον δὲ ἄλλο συνέβη σφίσιν· οἱ κύνες συνιόντες ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ ἀνὰ πᾶσαν νύκτα ὠρύοντο, τέλος δὲ καὶ ἀπεχώρησαν ἀθρόοι πρὸς τὸ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων στρατόπεδον.
Two coordinated clauses: συνέβη governs the dative σφίσιν and an accusative neuter subject/predicative phrase τρίτον ἄλλο; οἱ κύνες is the subject of ὠρύοντο, with συνιόντες as a circumstantial participle. In the final clause, ἀθρόοι agrees with the understood nominative subject κύνες; τέλος is an adverbial accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τρίτον | τρίτος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 συνέβη | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative/accusative singular; construed with the neuter event noun ἄλλο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G------- | _ | 4 συνέβη | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 συνέβη | nsubj | medium | Neuter event expression; may be analyzed as substantive subject with τρίτον. |
| 4 | συνέβη | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD-D-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 4 συνέβη | iobj | high | Dative of the persons affected. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 συνέβη | punct | high | |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 κύνες | det | high | |
| 8 | κύνες | κύων | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὠρύοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | συνιόντες | σύνειμι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ὠρύοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated in sense with the subject. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 12 αὐτὸ | case | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 αὐτὸ | det | high | |
| 12 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 συνιόντες | obl | high | Substantive phrase τὸ αὐτό, ‘the same place/point’. |
| 13 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | R | _ | 15 νύκτα | case | high | |
| 14 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 νύκτα | det | high | |
| 15 | νύκτα | νύξ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὠρύοντο | obl | high | Accusative of time/duration with ἀνά. |
| 16 | ὠρύοντο | ὠρύομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 4 συνέβη | parataxis | high | New main clause after the punctuation. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ὠρύοντο | punct | high | |
| 18 | τέλος | τέλος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘finally/at last’. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G------- | _ | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | cc | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | cc | high | Additive coordinator. |
| 21 | ἀπεχώρησαν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 16 ὠρύοντο | conj | high | Coordinated verb with understood subject κύνες. |
| 22 | ἀθρόοι | ἀθρόος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective describing the dogs as a group. |
| 23 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 27 στρατόπεδον | case | high | |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 στρατόπεδον | det | high | |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 26 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 στρατόπεδον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on στρατόπεδον. |
| 27 | στρατόπεδον | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | obl | high | Goal complement of πρὸς. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀπεχώρησαν | punct | high |