Grammar parses for passage 4.13.5
Open translation for this passage
καὶ τοῦτο μὲν ὁ θυμὸς ἐπέσχεν αὐτοὺς μὴ ποιῆσαι.
μή + infinitive depends on ἐπέσχεν; τοῦτο functions as the direct object with μὲν as a discourse particle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἐπέσχεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 ἐπέσχεν | obj | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 τοῦτο | discourse | high | correlative particle with no overt δεύτερον member here |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 θυμὸς | det | high | |
| 5 | θυμὸς | θυμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπέσχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἐπέσχεν | ἐπέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 ἐπέσχεν | obj | high | |
| 8 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | _ | 9 ποιῆσαι | advmod | high | negates infinitive |
| 9 | ποιῆσαι | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπέσχεν | xcomp | high | |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπέσχεν | punct | high |
συλλεγέντες δὲ ἐς ἐκκλησίαν βασιλέα μὲν οὐδένα, Δᾶμιν δὲ στρατηγὸν αὐτοκράτορα εἵλοντο.
The syntax is a participial preface with a contrasted double object construction: 'having assembled in the assembly, they chose ...'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συλλεγέντες | συλλέγω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 εἵλοντο | advcl | high | Aorist passive participle, circumstantial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 εἵλοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 4 ἐκκλησίαν | case | high | Preposition governing ἐκκλησίαν. |
| 4 | ἐκκλησίαν | ἐκκλησία | NOUN | N-SF-ACC | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 συλλεγέντες | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐς; semantically a goal/locative. |
| 5 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-SM-ACC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 εἵλοντο | obj | high | First object in contrasted accusative sequence. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 βασιλέα | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 7 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | DET | A-NSM-ACC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 5 βασιλέα | amod | high | Negative attributive modifier of βασιλέα. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἵλοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | Δᾶμιν | Δᾶμις | PROPN | N-SM-ACC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 εἵλοντο | obj | high | Second object in contrasted accusative sequence. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 εἵλοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 11 | στρατηγὸν | στρατηγός | NOUN | N-SM-ACC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Δᾶμιν | appos | high | Apposition to Δᾶμιν, specifying office. |
| 12 | αὐτοκράτορα | αὐτοκράτωρ | ADJ | A-SM-ACC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 στρατηγὸν | amod | medium | Adjectival modifier of στρατηγόν, functionally predicative/attributive 'with full powers'. |
| 13 | εἵλοντο | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, aorist middle indicative 3pl. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἵλοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὁ δὲ Κλέοννίν τε αὑτῷ καὶ Φυλέα ἑλόμενος συνάρχοντας παρεσκευάζετο ὡς καὶ ἐκ τῶν παρόντων συνάψων ἐς μάχην· ἐπηνάγκαζε γὰρ ἥ τε πολιορκία καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ὁ λιμὸς καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ δέος, μὴ καὶ προδιαφθαρῶσιν ὑπὸ ἐνδείας.
Main clause with participial circumstantial modifier; second clause coordinates fear/compulsion as causes, with a μή-clause of feared result.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 παρεσκευάζετο | nsubj | high | Article with omitted understood noun/substantive use for the subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 10 παρεσκευάζετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Κλέοννίν | Κλέων | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἑλόμενος | obj | medium | Proper name in accusative, object of ἑλόμενος. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | g-------- | _ | 3 Κλέοννίν | cc | high | Correlative/connecting particle. |
| 5 | αὑτῷ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 8 ἑλόμενος | iobj | medium | Reflexive pronoun, dative of associated person. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 7 Φυλέα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 7 | Φυλέα | Φυλεύς | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἑλόμενος | obj | medium | Proper name, second object of ἑλόμενος. |
| 8 | ἑλόμενος | αἱρέω | VERB | v-sppmn-- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 παρεσκευάζετο | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying the subject of παρεσκευάζετο. |
| 9 | συνάρχοντας | συνάρχων | ADJ | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 παρεσκευάζετο | xcomp | medium | Likely participial/adjectival complement meaning 'as fellow-rulers/colleagues'; form is ambiguous. |
| 10 | παρεσκευάζετο | παρασκευάζω | VERB | v3siim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 20 ἐπηνάγκαζε | mark | high | Introduces purpose/result-like clause. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | PART | d-------- | _ | 16 συνάψων | advmod | medium | Probably adverbial 'even' with the participle. |
| 13 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 16 συνάψων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 παρόντων | det | high | Article modifying παρόντων. |
| 15 | παρόντων | πάρειμι | VERB | v-papagm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 συνάψων | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying συνάψων. |
| 16 | συνάψων | συνάπτω | VERB | v-papagm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἐπηνάγκαζε | obl | medium | Genitive participial phrase after ἐκ; syntactic attachment to ἐπηνάγκαζε is somewhat loose. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 18 μάχην | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 18 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 συνάψων | obl | high | Goal/purpose phrase with ἐς. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 παρεσκευάζετο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 20 | ἐπηνάγκαζε | ἐπἀναγκάζω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb; the text appears to continue the explanation of the compulsion. |
| 21 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | g-------- | _ | 20 ἐπηνάγκαζε | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 22 | ἥ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 πολιορκία | det | high | Article with πολιορκία. |
| 23 | τε | τε | PART | g-------- | _ | 22 ἥ | cc | high | Correlative particle with καί. |
| 24 | πολιορκία | πολιορκία | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπηνάγκαζε | nsubj | high | One of the coordinated subjects/causes of ἐπηνάγκαζε. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 29 λιμὸς | cc | high | Coordinates λιμός with πολιορκία. |
| 26 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 27 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Negation modifying ἥκιστα. |
| 27 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 20 ἐπηνάγκαζε | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of the main verb. |
| 28 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 λιμὸς | det | high | Article with λιμός. |
| 29 | λιμὸς | λιμός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπηνάγκαζε | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject/cause with πολιορκία. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 33 δέος | cc | high | Coordinates δέος with λιμός. |
| 31 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 33 δέος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 32 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 33 δέος | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 33 | δέος | δέος | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπηνάγκαζε | nsubj | high | Third coordinated subject/cause. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐπηνάγκαζε | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 35 | μὴ | μή | PART | d-------- | _ | 37 προδιαφθαρῶσιν | mark | high | Negative marker for feared/result clause. |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | PART | d-------- | _ | 37 προδιαφθαρῶσιν | advmod | medium | Likely 'also/even' modifying the verb. |
| 37 | προδιαφθαρῶσιν | προδιαφθείρω | VERB | v3ppsa--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ἐπηνάγκαζε | ccomp | high | Subjunctive in feared clause after μή. |
| 38 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 39 ἐνδείας | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 39 | ἐνδείας | ἐνδεία | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 προδιαφθαρῶσιν | obl | high | Agent/causal phrase with ὑπό. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐπηνάγκαζε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |