Grammar parses for passage 4.13.6
Open translation for this passage
ἀρετῇ μὲν δὴ καὶ τολμήμασιν οὐδὲ τότε ἀπεδέησε τὰ τῶν Μεσσηνίων· ἀπέθανον δὲ οἵ τε στρατηγοί σφισιν ἅπαντες καὶ τῶν ἄλλων οἱ λόγου μάλιστα ἄξιοι.
The passage contains two clauses: ἀπεδέησε with a neuter plural subject τὰ τῶν Μεσσηνίων, followed by coordinated ἀπέθανον clauses; οἱ ... ἄξιοι is coordinated with στρατηγοί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀρετῇ | ἀρετή | NOUN | N----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπεδέησε | obl | high | Dative of respect/means. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | C-------- | _ | 8 ἀπεδέησε | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 8 ἀπεδέησε | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 τολμήμασιν | cc | high | |
| 5 | τολμήμασιν | τόλμημα | NOUN | N----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἀπεδέησε | obl | high | Dative coordinated with ἀρετῇ. |
| 6 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἀπεδέησε | advmod | high | Negative additive adverb. |
| 7 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 ἀπεδέησε | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἀπεδέησε | ἀποδέω | VERB | V3SIAIA- | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active, impersonal/near-impersonal sense: 'there was no lack'; subject follows. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἀπεδέησε | nsubj | high | Substantivized article with genitive Μεσσηνίων. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 11 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive possessive/partitive. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπεδέησε | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀπέθανον | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V3PAIA-- | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | New coordinated clause. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἀπέθανον | cc | high | |
| 15 | οἵ | ὅς | PRON | P---NPM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 στρατηγοί | det | high | Article-like relative/demonstrative form, coordinating with τε. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 στρατηγοί | cc | high | Correlative coordination οἵ τε ... καί. |
| 17 | στρατηγοί | στρατηγός | NOUN | N----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀπέθανον | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DP-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 13 ἀπέθανον | iobj | medium | Reflexive dative, 'among/for them'; antecedent is the Messenians. |
| 19 | ἅπαντες | ἅπας | ADJ | A---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 στρατηγοί | amod | high | Predicative/attributive modifier of στρατηγοί. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject phrase. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄλλων | det | high | |
| 22 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A---GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 οἱ | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, 'of the others'. |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NPM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἄξιοι | det | high | Article substantivizing λόγου ... ἄξιοι phrase. |
| 24 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἄξιοι | obl | high | Genitive of value with ἄξιοι. |
| 25 | μάλιστα | μάλα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 26 ἄξιοι | advmod | high | |
| 26 | ἄξιοι | ἄξιος | ADJ | A---NPM- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 στρατηγοί | conj | high | Second coordinated subject: οἱ ... ἄξιοι. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀπέθανον | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου μῆνας μέν που πέντε μάλιστα ἀντέσχον, περὶ δὲ τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν λήγοντα ἐξέλιπον τὴν Ἰθώμην, πολεμήσαντες ἔτη τὰ πάντα εἴκοσι, καθὰ καὶ Τυρταίῳ πεποιημένα ἐστίν·
The sentence has a coordinated temporal progression: τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου is a substantivized temporal phrase; ἀντέσχον and ἐξέλιπον share its implied subject. λήγοντα modifies ἐνιαυτόν, while πολεμήσαντες is a circumstantial participle. The final καθὰ-clause is impersonal/passive: πεποιημένα agrees with τὰ πάντα, with Τυρταίῳ as dative agent/reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἀντέσχον | det | high | Article substantivizing the following temporal phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἀντέσχον | cc | high | Adversative/continuative coordinator. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 τούτου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 4 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 ἀντέσχον | obl | high | Genitive demonstrative governed by ἀπό; temporal starting point. |
| 5 | μῆνας | μήν | NOUN | N-A--PM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀντέσχον | obl | high | Accusative duration. |
| 6 | μέν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 μῆνας | discourse | high | Correlative particle, paired loosely with δέ. |
| 7 | που | που | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ἀντέσχον | advmod | high | Indefinite/approximating adverb. |
| 8 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 5 μῆνας | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying μῆνας. |
| 9 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 5 μῆνας | advmod | high | Approximative intensifier, ‘at most/about’. |
| 10 | ἀντέσχον | ἀντέχω | VERB | V-AIA-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἐξέλιπον | conj | medium | Aorist form traditionally parsed as 3rd plural; coordinated with ἐξέλιπον. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀντέσχον | punct | high | |
| 12 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἐνιαυτὸν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἐξέλιπον | cc | high | Coordinator introducing the second temporal phase. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἐνιαυτὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἐνιαυτόν. |
| 15 | ἐνιαυτὸν | ἐνιαυτός | NOUN | N-A--SM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐξέλιπον | obl | high | Accusative object of περί in temporal phrase. |
| 16 | λήγοντα | λήγω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐνιαυτὸν | acl | high | Present active participle modifying ἐνιαυτόν. |
| 17 | ἐξέλιπον | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist 3rd plural; principal predicate, coordinated with ἀντέσχον. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Ἰθώμην | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-A--SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐξέλιπον | obj | high | Place name, direct object of ἐξέλιπον. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐξέλιπον | punct | high | |
| 21 | πολεμήσαντες | πολεμέω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἐξέλιπον | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle with the subject of the finite verbs. |
| 22 | ἔτη | ἔτος | NOUN | N-A--PN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 πολεμήσαντες | obl | high | Accusative duration with πολεμήσαντες. |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 πάντα | det | high | |
| 24 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A--APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἔτη | amod | high | Adjectival quantifier modifying ἔτη. |
| 25 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 22 ἔτη | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral specifying the duration. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 πολεμήσαντες | punct | high | |
| 27 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 ἐστίν | mark | medium | Comparative/relative subordinator introducing the supporting clause. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 30 πεποιημένα | advmod | high | Focusing adverb, ‘also/even’. |
| 29 | Τυρταίῳ | Τυρταῖος | PROPN | N----SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 πεποιημένα | obl:agent | medium | Dative of agent or source/reference with the passive verbal adjective. |
| 30 | πεποιημένα | ποιέω | VERB | V-RPP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 31 ἐστίν | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle, likely predicative with τὰ πάντα understood from the duration statement. |
| 31 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 ἐξέλιπον | parataxis | medium | Copular finite verb in the comparative/supporting clause; singular agrees with implicit neuter singular construction, while πεποιημένα is plural neuter. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐξέλιπον | punct | high |
εἰκοστῷ δʼ οἱ μὲν κατὰ πίονα ἔργα λιπόντες φεῦγον Ἰθωμαίων ἐκ μεγάλων ὀρέων.
The sentence is elliptical and textually difficult: εἰκοστῷ is likely an oblique temporal numeral, οἱ μὲν supplies a substantivized subject, and φεῦγον is imperfect 3pl; κατὰ πίονα ἔργα is construed as the work/land abandoned, with Ἰθωμαίων dependent on ὀρέων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰκοστῷ | εἴκοστος | ADJ | A--DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 φεῦγον | obl | low | Likely temporal dative ‘on the twentieth’; gender/number may reflect an omitted χρόνον or ἔτει. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 φεῦγον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 λιπόντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the following participle. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 3 οἱ | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart is not expressed in this sentence. |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 7 ἔργα | case | medium | Preposition governing πίονα ἔργα; construction is difficult. |
| 6 | πίονα | πίων | ADJ | A----APN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔργα | amod | medium | Accusative neuter plural modifying ἔργα. |
| 7 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 λιπόντες | obl | low | Likely object/complement associated with λιπόντες; exact κατὰ construction is uncertain. |
| 8 | λιπόντες | λείπω | VERB | V-AAP-NMP- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 φεῦγον | advcl | high | Aorist active nominative masculine plural participle, agreeing with οἱ and expressing anterior action. |
| 9 | φεῦγον | φεύγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect active indicative, third plural. |
| 10 | Ἰθωμαίων | Ἰθωμαῖος | PROPN | Ne----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ὀρέων | nmod | medium | Ethnic place-name adjective substantivized or attributive; genitive plural dependent on ὀρέων. |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 13 ὀρέων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive phrase. |
| 12 | μεγάλων | μέγας | ADJ | A----GPN- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ὀρέων | amod | high | Modifies ὀρέων. |
| 13 | ὀρέων | ὄρος | NOUN | N----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 φεῦγον | obl | high | Object of ἐκ in a source phrase. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φεῦγον | punct | high |