Grammar parses for passage 4.13.6
Open translation for this passage
ἀρετῇ μὲν δὴ καὶ τολμήμασιν οὐδὲ τότε ἀπεδέησε τὰ τῶν Μεσσηνίων· ἀπέθανον δὲ οἵ τε στρατηγοί σφισιν ἅπαντες καὶ τῶν ἄλλων οἱ λόγου μάλιστα ἄξιοι.
Two coordinated clauses with ellipsis in the second; the genitive phrase λόγου μάλιστα ἄξιοι is treated as a predicate adjective construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀρετῇ | ἀρετή | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπεδέησε | obl | high | Dative of respect/means with ἀπεδέησε. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἀπεδέησε | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἀπεδέησε | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 τολμήμασιν | cc | high | Links two coordinated oblique nouns. |
| 5 | τολμήμασιν | τόλμημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἀρετῇ | conj | medium | Coordinated with ἀρετῇ; same case and function. |
| 6 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἀπεδέησε | advmod | high | Negative additive particle modifying the verb. |
| 7 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 8 ἀπεδέησε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 8 | ἀπεδέησε | ἀποδέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἀπεδέησε | nsubj | high | Article substantivizing the following genitive phrase. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίων. |
| 11 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τὰ. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπεδέησε | punct | high | Sentence separator punctuation. |
| 13 | ἀπέθανον | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main predicate. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἀπέθανον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | οἵ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 στρατηγοί | det | high | Article used substantively with στρατηγοί. |
| 16 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 15 οἵ | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 17 | στρατηγοί | στρατηγός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀπέθανον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέθανον. |
| 18 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 ἀπέθανον | obl | medium | Dative reference/interest; could also be taken with ἅπαντες semantically. |
| 19 | ἅπαντες | ἅπας | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 στρατηγοί | amod | high | Attributive modifier of στρατηγοί. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinates the two noun phrases. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ἄλλων | det | high | Article with ἄλλων. |
| 22 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἄξιοι | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἄξιοι via λόγου phrase. |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 ἄξιοι | det | high | Article with ἄξιοι. |
| 24 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἄξιοι | nmod | high | Genitive of value/estimation with ἄξιοι. |
| 25 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 26 ἄξιοι | advmod | high | Degree adverb modifying ἄξιοι. |
| 26 | ἄξιοι | ἄξιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀπέθανον | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate adjective with implicit εἰσί/ἦσαν understood. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀπέθανον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου μῆνας μέν που πέντε μάλιστα ἀντέσχον, περὶ δὲ τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν λήγοντα ἐξέλιπον τὴν Ἰθώμην, πολεμήσαντες ἔτη τὰ πάντα εἴκοσι, καθὰ καὶ Τυρταίῳ πεποιημένα ἐστίν·
The syntax is loosely paratactic: the first clause has a temporal accusative phrase, the second uses περί + accusative of time, and the final comparative clause with καθά depends on the reported statement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἀντέσχον | obj | high | Likely anticipatory article with omitted noun or adverbial accusative phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἀντέσχον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 4 τούτου | case | high | Takes genitive. |
| 4 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 μῆνας | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 5 | μῆνας | μήν | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀντέσχον | obl | high | Accusative of extent of time. |
| 6 | μέν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἀντέσχον | discourse | high | Correlative particle, anticipates δέ. |
| 7 | που | πού | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἀντέσχον | advmod | medium | Enclitic modal/adverbial particle, approximate. |
| 8 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 5 μῆνας | nummod | high | Modifies μῆνας. |
| 9 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ἀντέσχον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb 'most, especially'. |
| 10 | ἀντέσχον | ἀντέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀντέσχον | punct | high | Comma. |
| 12 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 15 ἐνιαυτὸν | case | high | Takes accusative here. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 17 ἐξέλιπον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἐνιαυτὸν | det | high | Article with ἐνιαυτόν. |
| 15 | ἐνιαυτὸν | ἐνιαυτός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐξέλιπον | obl | high | Accusative temporal phrase with περί. |
| 16 | λήγοντα | λήγω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐνιαυτὸν | acl | high | Participle modifying ἐνιαυτόν. |
| 17 | ἐξέλιπον | ἐκλείπω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἀντέσχον | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Ἰθώμην | det | high | Article with Ἰθώμην. |
| 19 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐξέλιπον | obj | high | Direct object of ἐξέλιπον. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐξέλιπον | punct | high | Comma. |
| 21 | πολεμήσαντες | πολεμέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἐξέλιπον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, nominative plural. |
| 22 | ἔτη | ἔτος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 πολεμήσαντες | obj | high | Accusative of extent of time with participle. |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ἔτη | det | high | Article with ἔτη. |
| 24 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἔτη | amod | high | Attributive adjective meaning 'all'. |
| 25 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 22 ἔτη | nummod | medium | Cardinal numeral used adverbially with ἔτη; morphology uncertain. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐξέλιπον | punct | high | Comma. |
| 27 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | _ | _ | 31 ἐστίν | mark | high | Comparative/subordinating connector 'as'. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | PART | _ | _ | 29 Τυρταίῳ | advmod | high | Focus/additive particle. |
| 29 | Τυρταίῳ | Τυρταῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 πεποιημένα | obl | high | Dative complement of πεποιημένα. |
| 30 | πεποιημένα | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 31 ἐστίν | xcomp | high | Perfect participle in predicate construction. |
| 31 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 ἐξέλιπον | ccomp | medium | Copular/auxiliary with participle; linked to the previous clause by καθά. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐξέλιπον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
εἰκοστῷ δʼ οἱ μὲν κατὰ πίονα ἔργα λιπόντες φεῦγον Ἰθωμαίων ἐκ μεγάλων ὀρέων.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: οἱ μὲν likely introduces a contrastive subject with an implied noun, and εἰκοστῷ is treated as a temporal/ordinal dative modifying the whole clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰκοστῷ | εἴκοστος | ADJ | A--d---ns- | Case=Dative|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 9 φεῦγον | obl | medium | Likely adverbial/temporal dative (‘on the twentieth [day]’) modifying the clause. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 φεῦγον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Pp---mn-- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 8 λιπόντες | det | high | Article with implied noun or substantivized participle. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 οἱ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ἔργα | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 6 | πίονα | πίων | ADJ | A--pa---n- | Case=Accusative|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 7 ἔργα | amod | high | Accusative neuter plural modifying ἔργα. |
| 7 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N--pn---n- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 8 λιπόντες | obj | high | Object of λιπόντες. |
| 8 | λιπόντες | λείπω | VERB | V--papamn- | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 9 φεῦγον | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying φεῦγον. |
| 9 | φεῦγον | φεύγω | VERB | V--iaa-3p- | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; form could also be read as 3rd plural imperfect/epic with orthographic variation. |
| 10 | Ἰθωμαίων | Ἰθωμαῖος | PROPN | N-P---mg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 ὀρέων | nmod | high | Genitive attribute of ὀρέων. |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ὀρέων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 12 | μεγάλων | μέγας | ADJ | A--pg--- | Case=Genitive|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 13 ὀρέων | amod | high | Modifies ὀρέων. |
| 13 | ὀρέων | ὄρος | NOUN | N--pg---n- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 9 φεῦγον | obl | high | Oblique complement of φεῦγον with ἐκ. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φεῦγον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |