Grammar parses for passage 4.16.2
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἦν μὲν καὶ τὰ τῶν ἄλλων πρόθυμα, ὡς ἡλικίας ἕκαστος εἶχεν ἢ ῥώμης, μάλιστα δὲ Ἀνάξανδρός τε ὁ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεὺς καὶ οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν· παρὰ Μεσσηνίων δὲ οἱ Ἀνδροκλέους ἀπόγονοι Φίντας καὶ Ἀνδροκλῆς καὶ οἱ συντεταγμένοι σφίσιν ἐπειρῶντο ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ γίνεσθαι.
The sentence has several coordinated subject phrases and an appositional/parenthetical structure; the clause with ἐπειρῶντο is followed by a complementary infinitive phrase with predicative ἄνδρες ἀγαθοί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 2 ἦν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 τὰ | cc | high | Links coordinated subject/predicate phrase. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-p---na- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 πρόθυμα | nsubj | medium | Neuter article used substantively; syntactic role uncertain, but likely subject of ἦν. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---gp- | Case=Gen|Gender=Any|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἄλλων | det | high | Article modifying ἄλλων. |
| 7 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-p---gp- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Any|Number=Plur | 8 πρόθυμα | nmod | high | Attributive genitive dependent on πρόθυμα. |
| 8 | πρόθυμα | πρόθυμος | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 2 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with ἦν; agreement suggests neuter plural. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 13 εἶχεν | mark | high | Introduces comparative clause. |
| 11 | ἡλικίας | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-s---gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἕκαστος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἕκαστος. |
| 12 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 εἶχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶχεν. |
| 13 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 2 ἦν | advcl | high | Verb of the ὡς-clause. |
| 14 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἡλικίας | cc | high | Second part of disjunction. |
| 15 | ῥώμης | ῥώμη | NOUN | N-s---gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἡλικίας | conj | high | Second genitive in the ἡλικίας ἢ ῥώμης phrase. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 2 ἦν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the following focus/coordination. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 19 Ἀνάξανδρός | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 19 | Ἀνάξανδρός | Ἀνάξανδρος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 βασιλεὺς | nsubj | high | Subject of βασιλεύς. |
| 20 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 19 Ἀνάξανδρός | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 βασιλεὺς | det | high | Article with βασιλεύς. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---gg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Any|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | Article with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 23 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 βασιλεὺς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of βασιλεύς. |
| 24 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἦν | nsubj | high | Co-subject with Ἀνάξανδρός. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 Ἀνάξανδρός | cc | high | Coordinates subject phrases. |
| 26 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 Σπαρτιατῶν | det | high | Article with Σπαρτιατῶν / phrase. |
| 27 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 αὐτὸν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτόν. |
| 28 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 30 Σπαρτιατῶν | nmod | high | Object of περὶ in an attributive phrase. |
| 29 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---gg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Any|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 Σπαρτιατῶν | det | high | Article with Σπαρτιατῶν. |
| 30 | Σπαρτιατῶν | Σπαρτιάτης | NOUN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 βασιλεὺς | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent within the periphrastic designation 'οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν'. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 32 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 33 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 ἐπειρῶντο | obl | high | Oblique argument of ἐπειρῶντο with παρὰ. |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 35 οἱ | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 35 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 37 ἀπόγονοι | det | high | Article with ἀπόγονοι. |
| 36 | Ἀνδροκλέους | Ἀνδροκλής | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀπόγονοι | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἀπόγονοι. |
| 37 | ἀπόγονοι | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 ἐπειρῶντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπειρῶντο. |
| 38 | Φίντας | Φίντας | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀπόγονοι | appos | high | Apposition with ἀπόγονοι / identifying members. |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 38 Φίντας | cc | high | Connects proper names. |
| 40 | Ἀνδροκλῆς | Ἀνδροκλής | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 Φίντας | conj | high | Second coordinated proper name. |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 42 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinates with previous noun phrase. |
| 42 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 43 συντεταγμένοι | det | high | Article with συντεταγμένοι. |
| 43 | συντεταγμένοι | συντάσσω | VERB | V-RPP-PNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 37 ἀπόγονοι | conj | high | Attributive participle, coordinated with ἀπόγονοι phrase. |
| 44 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 43 συντεταγμένοι | iobj | high | Dative with συντεταγμένοι. |
| 45 | ἐπειρῶντο | πείρω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 2 ἦν | conj | high | Second main predicate; middle/passive form of πειράομαι/πειράω family, here deponent. |
| 46 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with γίνεσθαι; syntax is somewhat loose. |
| 47 | ἀγαθοὶ | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 46 ἄνδρες | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἄνδρες. |
| 48 | γίνεσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 45 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Τυρταῖος δὲ καὶ οἱ τῶν θεῶν ἱεροφάνται τῶν Μεγάλων ἔργου μὲν ἥπτοντο οὐδενός, τοὺς τελευταίους δὲ τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἑκάτεροι στρατιᾶς ἐπήγειρον.
The syntax is a coordinated two-clause structure with ἥπτοντο as the main root and ἐπήγειρον as a coordinated predicate; the phrase τῶν Μεγάλων is somewhat appositional/attributive to ἱεροφάνται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τυρταῖος | Τυρταῖος | PROPN | N-----NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἥπτοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἥπτοντο; proper name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D-------- | _ | 12 ἥπτοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 4 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking Τυρταῖος and the article phrase. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L????-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἱεροφάνται | det | medium | Article with ἱεροφάνται. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L????-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 θεῶν | det | high | Article modifying θεῶν. |
| 6 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἱεροφάνται | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἱεροφάνται. |
| 7 | ἱεροφάνται | ἱεροφάντης | NOUN | N-----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἥπτοντο | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L????-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Μεγάλων | det | high | Article modifying Μεγάλων. |
| 9 | Μεγάλων | μέγας | ADJ | A-----GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἱεροφάνται | amod | medium | Likely adjectival epithet with ἱεροφάνται, as in title 'of the Mysteries'. |
| 10 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-----GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἥπτοντο | obl | high | Partitive/genitive with ἅπτομαι. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 12 ἥπτοντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 12 | ἥπτοντο | ἅπτω | VERB | V-IMI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 13 | οὐδενός | οὐδείς | PRON | P---GNS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 12 ἥπτοντο | obj | high | Genitive complement of ἅπτομαι. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἥπτοντο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L????-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 τελευταίους | det | high | Article with τελευταίους. |
| 16 | τελευταίους | τελευταῖος | ADJ | A-----APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπήγειρον | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπήγειρον. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D-------- | _ | 22 ἐπήγειρον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L????-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 στρατιᾶς | det | high | Article with στρατιᾶς. |
| 19 | ἑαυτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-----GMP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 21 στρατιᾶς | det | medium | Reflexive possessive modifying στρατιᾶς. |
| 20 | ἑκάτεροι | ἑκάτερος | ADJ | A-----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπήγειρον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπήγειρον; distributive subject with the coordinated clause. |
| 21 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | N-----GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 τελευταίους | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of τελευταίους, likely 'of their respective armies'. |
| 22 | ἐπήγειρον | ἐπεγείρω | VERB | V-IAI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 12 ἥπτοντο | conj | high | Coordinated verb with ἥπτοντο. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἥπτοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |