Grammar parses for passage 4.16.2
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἦν μὲν καὶ τὰ τῶν ἄλλων πρόθυμα, ὡς ἡλικίας ἕκαστος εἶχεν ἢ ῥώμης, μάλιστα δὲ Ἀνάξανδρός τε ὁ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεὺς καὶ οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν· παρὰ Μεσσηνίων δὲ οἱ Ἀνδροκλέους ἀπόγονοι Φίντας καὶ Ἀνδροκλῆς καὶ οἱ συντεταγμένοι σφίσιν ἐπειρῶντο ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ γίνεσθαι.
The sentence has an initial copular clause with πρόθυμα as predicate nominative and a comparative/distributive ὡς-clause; the final clause has ἐπειρῶντο governing an articular infinitive, with ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ as the infinitive's predicative complement. The coordination around Ἀνάξανδρος and the named descendants is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 2 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 πρόθυμα | cc | high | Coordinates the subject phrase with an understood/elliptical parallel. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 πρόθυμα | det | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἄλλων | det | high | |
| 7 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 τὰ | nmod | high | Substantivized genitive: 'of the others'. |
| 8 | πρόθυμα | πρόθυμος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 2 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with εἰμί; agreement is neuter plural with the articular neuter subject phrase. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 εἶχεν | mark | high | Introduces a clause expressing proportion/qualification. |
| 11 | ἡλικίας | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἶχεν | obl | medium | Partitive/measure genitive with εἶχεν. |
| 12 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | PRON | PX-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 εἶχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 8 πρόθυμα | advcl | high | |
| 14 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ῥώμης | cc | high | |
| 15 | ῥώμης | ῥώμη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἶχεν | obl | high | Coordinated alternative measure genitive. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 13 εἶχεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 πρόθυμα | advmod | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 Ἀνάξανδρός | cc | high | Adversative/continuative connector. |
| 19 | Ἀνάξανδρός | Ἀνάξανδρος | PROPN | NE-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πρόθυμα | nsubj | medium | Subject of an elliptic continuation of ἦν; predicate understood from πρόθυμα. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 Ἀνάξανδρός | cc | high | |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 βασιλεὺς | det | high | |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 23 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 βασιλεὺς | nmod | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 24 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Ἀνάξανδρός | appos | high | Apposition to Ἀνάξανδρος. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 οἱ | cc | high | |
| 26 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Ἀνάξανδρός | conj | medium | Coordinates a second nominative participant with Ἀνάξανδρος. |
| 27 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 28 αὐτὸν | case | high | |
| 28 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 οἱ | nmod | high | Object of περί. |
| 29 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 Σπαρτιατῶν | det | high | |
| 30 | Σπαρτιατῶν | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 οἱ | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the men around him. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 19 Ἀνάξανδρός | punct | high | |
| 32 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 33 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | With genitive: 'among/from'. |
| 33 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 ἀπόγονοι | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying the following subject. |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 45 ἐπειρῶντο | cc | high | |
| 35 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 ἀπόγονοι | det | high | |
| 36 | Ἀνδροκλέους | Ἀνδροκλῆς | PROPN | NE-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀπόγονοι | nmod | high | Eponymic/ancestral genitive. |
| 37 | ἀπόγονοι | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 ἐπειρῶντο | nsubj | high | |
| 38 | Φίντας | Φίντας | PROPN | NE-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀπόγονοι | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to ἀπόγονοι; number mismatch reflects an enumerated name. |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 40 Ἀνδροκλῆς | cc | high | |
| 40 | Ἀνδροκλῆς | Ἀνδροκλῆς | PROPN | NE-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 Φίντας | conj | high | Second enumerated personal name. |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 43 συντεταγμένοι | cc | high | |
| 42 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 συντεταγμένοι | det | high | |
| 43 | συντεταγμένοι | συντάσσω | VERB | V-RMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 37 ἀπόγονοι | conj | medium | Substantivized perfect passive participle, coordinated with the named descendants. |
| 44 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 43 συντεταγμένοι | obl | high | Dative with συντάσσω: 'arrayed with them'. |
| 45 | ἐπειρῶντο | πειράω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | New coordinated clause after the semicolon; understood connection to the preceding predicate. |
| 46 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 48 γίνεσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive, accusative subject not used because it is coreferential with the matrix subject. |
| 47 | ἀγαθοὶ | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 46 ἄνδρες | amod | high | |
| 48 | γίνεσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 45 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἐπειρῶντο; interpreted with ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ as subject/predicate phrase. |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 45 ἐπειρῶντο | punct | high |
Τυρταῖος δὲ καὶ οἱ τῶν θεῶν ἱεροφάνται τῶν Μεγάλων ἔργου μὲν ἥπτοντο οὐδενός, τοὺς τελευταίους δὲ τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἑκάτεροι στρατιᾶς ἐπήγειρον.
The coordinated subjects Τυρταῖος and οἱ ... ἱεροφάνται share ἥπτοντο and ἐπήγειρον; ἑκάτεροι is a delayed distributive subject of ἐπήγειρον, with τῆς ἑαυτῶν στρατιᾶς as the genitive of each army. The object τοὺς τελευταίους is substantivized, likely 'the last men'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τυρταῖος | Τυρταῖος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἥπτοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἥπτοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἱεροφάνται | cc | high | Coordinates the two subjects. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἱεροφάνται | det | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 θεῶν | det | high | |
| 6 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἱεροφάνται | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱεροφάνται. |
| 7 | ἱεροφάνται | ἱεροφάντης | NOUN | N-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἥπτοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Μεγάλων | det | high | |
| 9 | Μεγάλων | μέγας | ADJ | A-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 θεῶν | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely referring to the Great Gods; attached within the genitive phrase. |
| 10 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GSN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἥπτοντο | obj | medium | Genitive object with ἅπτομαι; construed as 'touch/undertake no work'. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 12 ἥπτοντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δὲ at token 17. |
| 12 | ἥπτοντο | ἅπτομαι | VERB | V-IIM-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | οὐδενός | οὐδείς | PRON | P-GSN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἔργου | det | high | Genitive agreeing with ἔργου; 'of no work'. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἥπτοντο | punct | high | |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 τελευταίους | det | high | |
| 16 | τελευταίους | τελευταῖος | ADJ | A-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπήγειρον | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the last men'. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἐπήγειρον | cc | high | Connective for the second coordinated predicate. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 στρατιᾶς | det | high | |
| 19 | ἑαυτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-GF3P--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 21 στρατιᾶς | nmod | high | Reflexive possessive genitive, referring to the respective subjects. |
| 20 | ἑκάτεροι | ἑκάτερος | PRON | P-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπήγειρον | nsubj | medium | Distributive subject: each of the two parties/groups. |
| 21 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | N-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἑκάτεροι | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἑκάτεροι, 'of their respective army'; a distributive genitive. |
| 22 | ἐπήγειρον | ἐπεγείρω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 12 ἥπτοντο | conj | high | Coordinated with ἥπτοντο; subject is ἑκάτεροι. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἥπτοντο | punct | high |