Grammar parses for passage 4.16.3
Open translation for this passage
οὗτοι μὲν πρῶτον καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ Ἀριστομένης πόνον εἶχον πολὺν κατʼ Ἀνάξανδρον καὶ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τεταγμένοι τοὺς ἀρίστους· λαμβάνοντες δὲ τραύματα ἀφειδῶς καὶ ἐς πᾶν προϊόντες ἀπονοίας τῷ τε χρόνῳ καὶ τοῖς τολμήμασιν ἐτρέψαντο τοὺς περὶ Ἀνάξανδρον.
The sentence has an initial coordinated subject οὗτοι καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ Ἀριστομένης with εἶχον; τεταγμένοι is a predicative participle, likely agreeing with the subject and taking τοὺς ἀρίστους as its object. The second participial chain λαμβάνοντες ... προϊόντες supplies the subject of ἐτρέψαντο; τῷ χρόνῳ καὶ τοῖς τολμήμασιν are instrumental/dative means. Some attachment details, especially κατʼ Ἀνάξανδρον and τεταγμένοι, are syntactically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | RD--NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 9 εἶχον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 9 εἶχον | discourse | high | |
| 3 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A----NA-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 εἶχον | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, 'at first'. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 αὐτοὶ | cc | high | |
| 5 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P---NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 9 εἶχον | conj | high | Intensive/reflexive pronoun, coordinated with οὗτοι. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Ἀριστομένης | cc | high | |
| 7 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | Ne--NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 9 εἶχον | conj | high | |
| 8 | πόνον | πόνος | NOUN | N---AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εἶχον | obj | high | |
| 9 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V--IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | πολὺν | πολύς | ADJ | A---AM-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πόνον | amod | high | |
| 11 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἀνάξανδρον | case | high | |
| 12 | Ἀνάξανδρον | Ἀνάξανδρος | PROPN | Ne--AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 8 πόνον | obl | medium | κατά + accusative denotes opposition/direction against. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 τεταγμένοι | cc | high | |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L---GMP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 15 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | NOUN | A---GMP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 τεταγμένοι | obl | medium | Genitive with τεταγμένοι, likely source/group from which the best men were arrayed. |
| 16 | τεταγμένοι | τάσσω | VERB | V-RPPNM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 εἶχον | advcl | medium | Predicative/periphrastic participle; exact relation to εἶχον is uncertain. |
| 17 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L---AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 ἀρίστους | det | high | |
| 18 | ἀρίστους | ἄριστος | ADJ | A---AM-P | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 τεταγμένοι | obj | medium | Substantivized superlative, 'the best men'. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἶχον | punct | high | |
| 20 | λαμβάνοντες | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAPNM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 ἐτρέψαντο | advcl | high | |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 λαμβάνοντες | discourse | high | |
| 22 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | N---AP-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 λαμβάνοντες | obj | high | |
| 23 | ἀφειδῶς | ἀφειδῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 λαμβάνοντες | advmod | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 προϊόντες | cc | high | |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 πᾶν | case | high | |
| 26 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A---NA-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 προϊόντες | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter accusative, probably 'to every extreme/full extent'. |
| 27 | προϊόντες | πρόειμι | VERB | V-PAPNM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 ἐτρέψαντο | advcl | high | Coordinated participle with λαμβάνοντες. |
| 28 | ἀπονοίας | ἀπόνοια | NOUN | N---GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 προϊόντες | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on προϊόντες, 'in recklessness/desperation'. |
| 29 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L---DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 χρόνῳ | det | high | |
| 30 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 χρόνῳ | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί. |
| 31 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | N---DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ἐτρέψαντο | obl | high | Dative of means/circumstance. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 34 τολμήμασιν | cc | high | |
| 33 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L---DN-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 34 τολμήμασιν | det | high | |
| 34 | τολμήμασιν | τόλμημα | NOUN | N---DN-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 ἐτρέψαντο | obl | high | Second dative of means; coordinated with χρόνῳ. |
| 35 | ἐτρέψαντο | τρέπω | VERB | V-AIMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 9 εἶχον | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with εἶχον. |
| 36 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L---AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 38 Ἀνάξανδρον | det | high | |
| 37 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 38 Ἀνάξανδρον | case | high | |
| 38 | Ἀνάξανδρον | Ἀνάξανδρος | PROPN | Ne--AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 35 ἐτρέψαντο | obj | high | περί + accusative, 'those around Anaxander'. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἐτρέψαντο | punct | high |