Grammar parses for passage 4.16.7
Open translation for this passage
ἀφικόμενος καὶ ὥς οἱ προσέταξεν ἡ Πυθία καταβὰς ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον ἱερὸν τοῦ Τροφωνίου τὸ ἐν Λεβαδείᾳ.
The sentence is syntactically elliptical: the coordinated participles ἀφικόμενος and καταβάς share the masculine subject understood from the context, while προσέταξεν is the finite root verb. The sequence ἱερὸν τοῦ Τροφωνίου τὸ ἐν Λεβαδείᾳ is treated as the destination noun phrase with a locative identifying modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφικόμενος | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V--PMPNSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 5 προσέταξεν | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, temporal/sequential. |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἀφικόμενος | cc | high | Coordinates the participial circumstances. |
| 3 | ὥς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 προσέταξεν | mark | medium | Introduces the clause ‘as/when’; orthographic ὥς. |
| 4 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P---DSM-- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Personal | 5 προσέταξεν | iobj | high | Dative personal pronoun, ‘to him’. |
| 5 | προσέταξεν | προστάσσω | VERB | V--AAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite matrix verb. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--NSF-- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 7 Πυθία | det | high | |
| 7 | Πυθία | Πυθία | PROPN | Ne--NSF-- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 5 προσέταξεν | nsubj | high | The Pythia is the subject of προσέταξεν. |
| 8 | καταβὰς | καταβαίνω | VERB | V--AAPNSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 5 προσέταξεν | advcl | high | Coordinated aorist participle, sharing the understood masculine subject. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ἄδυτον | case | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--ASN-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 12 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 11 | ἄδυτον | ἄδυτον | NOUN | N--ASN-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 12 ἱερὸν | compound | medium | Adjectival/nominal ‘inner sanctuary’; treated as noun modifier of ἱερόν. |
| 12 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--ASN-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 8 καταβὰς | obl | high | Object of motion with εἰς; destination ‘the sanctuary’. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 14 Τροφωνίου | det | high | |
| 14 | Τροφωνίου | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | Ne--GSM-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Possessive/descriptive genitive, ‘of Trophonius’. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--NSN-- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 16 ἐν | det | medium | Article introducing the locative relative/participial description; case-form is nominative/neuter. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Λεβαδείᾳ | case | high | |
| 17 | Λεβαδείᾳ | Λεβάδεια | PROPN | Ne-LSD-- | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 12 ἱερὸν | nmod | medium | Locative phrase identifying the sanctuary at Lebadeia; article may reflect a substantivized locative modifier. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 προσέταξεν | punct | high |
ὕστερον δὲ τὴν ἀσπίδα ἀνέθηκεν ἐς Λεβάδειαν φέρων, ᾗ δὴ καὶ αὐτὸς εἶδον ἀνακειμένην·
The relative clause is parenthetical: ᾗ likely refers to Λεβάδεια and is a locative dative with εἶδον, while ἀνακειμένην is the participle complement of perception referring to the shield.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative of time. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀσπίδα | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνέθηκεν. |
| 5 | ἀνέθηκεν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Λεβάδειαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 7 | Λεβάδειαν | Λεβάδεια | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | obl | high | Goal/location complement of ἀνέθηκεν. |
| 8 | φέρων | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject controlled by the implicit agent. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φέρων | punct | high | |
| 10 | ᾗ | ὅς | PRON | R-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἶδον | obl | medium | Relative dative, likely referring to Λεβάδειαν and functioning with εἶδον in a locative/instrumental sense; syntactically elliptical. |
| 11 | δὴ | δή | PART | PRT | _ | 14 εἶδον | discourse | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 αὐτὸς | advmod | high | Focusing adverb modifying αὐτός. |
| 13 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 εἶδον | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of εἶδον. |
| 14 | εἶδον | ὁράω | VERB | V-2AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | parataxis | high | Parenthetical first-person verb in the relative clause. |
| 15 | ἀνακειμένην | ἀνάκειμαι | VERB | V-PNP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 14 εἶδον | obj | high | Predicative/object-oriented participle agreeing with the understood object of εἶδον, the shield. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | punct | high |
ἐπίθημα δέ ἐστιν αὐτῆς ἀετὸς τὰ πτερὰ ἑκατέρωθεν ἐκτετακὼς ἐς ἄκραν τὴν ἴτυν.
The sentence is an identificational clause: ἐπίθημα ... ἐστιν, with ἀετός as predicate nominative and ἐκτετακώς as a participial description of the eagle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπίθημα | ἐπίθημα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 ἐπίθημα | nmod | high | Possessive genitive, referring to the object previously described. |
| 5 | ἀετὸς | ἀετός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative in an identificational construction; coordinated descriptively with ἐπίθημα. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 πτερὰ | det | high | |
| 7 | πτερὰ | πτερόν | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐκτετακὼς | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐκτετακώς. |
| 8 | ἑκατέρωθεν | ἑκατέρωθεν | ADV | d-------- | _ | 9 ἐκτετακὼς | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ἐκτετακὼς | ἐκτείνω | VERB | v-srpanm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἀετὸς | acl | high | Perfect active participle modifying ἀετός. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 11 ἄκραν | case | high | |
| 11 | ἄκραν | ἄκρος | ADJ | a-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἴτυν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἴτυν. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ἴτυν | det | high | |
| 13 | ἴτυν | ἴτυς | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκτετακὼς | obl | high | Goal/extent complement of the participle, with ἐς. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τότε δὲ Ἀριστομένης ὡς ἐπανῆκεν ἐκ Βοιωτίας εὑρών τε παρὰ τῷ Τροφωνίῳ καὶ κομισάμενος τὴν ἀσπίδα, αὐτίκα ἔργων μειζόνων ἥπτετο.
Main predicate is ἥπτετο; ὡς ἐπανῆκεν is temporal, while εὑρών τε ... καὶ κομισάμενος are coordinated nominative participles sharing Ἀριστομένης as subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | Adverb | PronType=Dem | 5 ἐπανῆκεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 21 ἥπτετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | Noun-Nom-Masc-Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἥπτετο | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Subordinator | _ | 5 ἐπανῆκεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 5 | ἐπανῆκεν | ἐπανέρχομαι | VERB | Verb-Aor-Act-Ind-3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 21 ἥπτετο | advcl | high | Temporal ὡς-clause. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Preposition | _ | 7 Βοιωτίας | case | high | |
| 7 | Βοιωτίας | Βοιωτία | PROPN | Noun-Gen-Fem-Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπανῆκεν | obl | high | |
| 8 | εὑρών | εὑρίσκω | VERB | Verb-Aor-Act-Part-Nom-Masc-Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 21 ἥπτετο | advcl | high | Coordinated participial circumstance; subject is Ἀριστομένης. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 8 εὑρών | cc | high | |
| 10 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | Preposition | _ | 12 Τροφωνίῳ | case | high | With dative: at the side of / with. |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Article-Dat-Masc-Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Τροφωνίῳ | det | high | |
| 12 | Τροφωνίῳ | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | Noun-Dat-Masc-Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εὑρών | obl | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 14 κομισάμενος | cc | high | |
| 14 | κομισάμενος | κομίζω | VERB | Verb-Aor-Mid-Part-Nom-Masc-Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 8 εὑρών | conj | high | Conjoined with εὑρών. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Article-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἀσπίδα | det | high | |
| 16 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κομισάμενος | obj | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | Punctuation | _ | 21 ἥπτετο | punct | high | |
| 18 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | Adverb | _ | 21 ἥπτετο | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἔργων | ἔργον | NOUN | Noun-Gen-Neut-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἥπτετο | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἅπτομαι, with μειζόνων agreeing attributively. |
| 20 | μειζόνων | μέγας | ADJ | Adjective-Gen-Neut-Plur-Comp | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἔργων | amod | high | |
| 21 | ἥπτετο | ἅπτομαι | VERB | Verb-Impf-Mid-Ind-3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | ἅπτομαι takes a genitive object/complement. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | Punctuation | _ | 21 ἥπτετο | punct | high |