Grammar parses for passage 4.16.7
Open translation for this passage
ἀφικόμενος καὶ ὥς οἱ προσέταξεν ἡ Πυθία καταβὰς ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον ἱερὸν τοῦ Τροφωνίου τὸ ἐν Λεβαδείᾳ.
The syntax is participial and somewhat compressed: ἀφικόμενος and καταβὰς are circumstantial participles attached to προσέταξεν, while ὥς οἱ προσέταξεν ἡ Πυθία forms a subordinate reported clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφικόμενος | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AOR-MED-PMP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 προσέταξεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ὥς | cc | high | Connects participial clause to the following temporal/causal clause. |
| 3 | ὥς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 προσέταξεν | mark | high | Introduces reported action or time clause. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P-DAT-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 προσέταξεν | iobj | medium | Likely enclitic dative pronoun, indirect object of προσέταξεν. |
| 5 | προσέταξεν | προστάσσω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Πυθία | det | high | Article with Πυθία. |
| 7 | Πυθία | Πυθία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 προσέταξεν | nsubj | high | Subject of προσέταξεν. |
| 8 | καταβὰς | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 προσέταξεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ἄδυτον | case | high | Preposition governing ἄδυτον. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἄδυτον | det | high | Article with ἄδυτον. |
| 11 | ἄδυτον | ἄδυτον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 καταβὰς | obl | high | Goal/location phrase dependent on καταβὰς. |
| 12 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἄδυτον | amod | medium | Adjectival modifier of ἄδυτον; could be part of appositive-like noun phrase. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Τροφωνίου | det | high | Article with Τροφωνίου. |
| 14 | Τροφωνίου | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἱερὸν. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article with ἱερὸν. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Λεβαδείᾳ | case | high | Preposition in locative phrase. |
| 17 | Λεβαδείᾳ | Λεβαδεία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἱερὸν | nmod | medium | Dative locative modifier of ἱερὸν via ἐν. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 προσέταξεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὕστερον δὲ τὴν ἀσπίδα ἀνέθηκεν ἐς Λεβάδειαν φέρων, ᾗ δὴ καὶ αὐτὸς εἶδον ἀνακειμένην·
The relative construction around ᾗ δὴ καὶ αὐτὸς εἶδον is somewhat elliptical; ᾗ is taken as referring to the place/context of the displayed shield, while εἶδον is a parenthetical relative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἀσπίδα | det | high | Article modifying ἀσπίδα. |
| 4 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνέθηκεν. |
| 5 | ἀνέθηκεν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Λεβάδειαν | case | high | Preposition governing place name. |
| 7 | Λεβάδειαν | Λεβάδεια | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | obl | high | Adverbial oblique of motion/place. |
| 8 | φέρων | φέρω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | advcl | high | Concomitant circumstance; participle modifying the main verb. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 10 | ᾗ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 εἶδον | obl | high | Relative pronoun, likely referring to Λεβάδεια or ἀσπίς by context. |
| 11 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 14 εἶδον | discourse | high | Emphatic particle in the relative clause. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 εἶδον | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 13 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 εἶδον | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶδον, with intensive force. |
| 14 | εἶδον | ὁράω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 φέρων | acl:relcl | high | First-person verb in a relative clause modifying the participle or its object. |
| 15 | ἀνακειμένην | ἀνάκειμαι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 ἀσπίδα | acl | medium | Participle agreeing with ἀσπίδα; describing it as dedicated/displayed. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐπίθημα δέ ἐστιν αὐτῆς ἀετὸς τὰ πτερὰ ἑκατέρωθεν ἐκτετακὼς ἐς ἄκραν τὴν ἴτυν.
The syntax is compact: ἐπίθημα is the main predicate with a genitive dependent, while ἀετός and its participial phrase describe the referent; the prepositional phrase ἐς ἄκραν τὴν ἴτυν modifies the participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπίθημα | ἐπίθημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject/predicative noun with ἐστιν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | CLITIC | _ | 3 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular verb. |
| 4 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 ἐπίθημα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἐπίθημα. |
| 5 | ἀετὸς | ἀετός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 ἐπίθημα | appos | medium | Likely apposition/explanatory noun to ἐπίθημα, though syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 7 πτερὰ | det | high | Article with πτερὰ. |
| 7 | πτερὰ | πτέρυξ | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 9 ἐκτετακὼς | obj | high | Object/complement of ἐκτετακώς. |
| 8 | ἑκατέρωθεν | ἑκατέρωθεν | ADV | D | _ | 9 ἐκτετακὼς | advmod | high | Adverb modifying participle. |
| 9 | ἐκτετακὼς | ἐκτείνω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 5 ἀετὸς | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἀετὸς. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 ἴτυν | case | high | Preposition governing ἴτυν. |
| 11 | ἄκραν | ἄκρος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 13 ἴτυν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἴτυν. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 13 ἴτυν | det | high | Article with ἴτυν. |
| 13 | ἴτυν | ἴτυς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 9 ἐκτετακὼς | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐκτετακώς. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τότε δὲ Ἀριστομένης ὡς ἐπανῆκεν ἐκ Βοιωτίας εὑρών τε παρὰ τῷ Τροφωνίῳ καὶ κομισάμενος τὴν ἀσπίδα, αὐτίκα ἔργων μειζόνων ἥπτετο.
Main clause is framed by temporal/participial circumstantial clauses; ἔργων μειζόνων with ἅπτομαι is interpreted as a genitive complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D--------- | _ | 21 ἥπτετο | advmod | high | temporal adverb |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 21 ἥπτετο | discourse | high | postpositive connective |
| 3 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἥπτετο | nsubj | high | subject of ἥπτετο |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 ἐπανῆκεν | mark | high | introduces temporal clause |
| 5 | ἐπανῆκεν | ἐπανίημι | VERB | V3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 21 ἥπτετο | advcl | high | verb of temporal clause |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 7 Βοιωτίας | case | high | governs Βοιωτίας |
| 7 | Βοιωτίας | Βοιωτία | PROPN | Ne-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπανῆκεν | obl | high | source of motion |
| 8 | εὑρών | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-AAP-SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἥπτετο | advcl | high | participial circumstance |
| 9 | τε | τε | PART | G--------- | _ | 8 εὑρών | cc | high | coordinating enclitic with καί |
| 10 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 12 Τροφωνίῳ | case | high | governs dative |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Τροφωνίῳ | det | high | article with Τροφωνίῳ |
| 12 | Τροφωνίῳ | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | Ne-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εὑρών | obl | high | locative/relational phrase |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 14 κομισάμενος | cc | high | links participles |
| 14 | κομισάμενος | κομίζω | VERB | V-AMP-SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 ἥπτετο | advcl | high | coordinated participial circumstance |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἀσπίδα | det | high | article with ἀσπίδα |
| 16 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | Nb-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κομισάμενος | obj | high | object of κομισάμενος |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἥπτετο | punct | high | comma |
| 18 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 21 ἥπτετο | advmod | high | temporal adverb |
| 19 | ἔργων | ἔργον | NOUN | Nb-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἥπτετο | obj | medium | genitive object with ἅπτομαι |
| 20 | μειζόνων | μέγας | ADJ | A-p---ngc- | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἔργων | amod | high | modifies ἔργων |
| 21 | ἥπτετο | ἅπτω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἥπτετο | punct | high | period |