Grammar parses for passage 4.17.6
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίοις μὲν τὸ ἐς Μεσσηνίους σόφισμα ὁ δαίμων ἔμελλεν αὐτοῖς ἀποφανεῖν συμφοράν·
The dative Λακεδαιμονίοις is an experiencer/possessor-like complement with ἔμελλεν; τὸ ... σόφισμα is the subject, αὐτοῖς is a dative of disadvantage/reference, and ἀποφανεῖν is a complementary infinitive. The article τὸ is substantival with the prepositional phrase ἐς Μεσσηνίους modifying σόφισμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N--DP--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔμελλεν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/experiencer with ἔμελλεν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X----T-- | _ | 9 ἔμελλεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; no following δέ is present in this sentence. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 σόφισμα | det | high | Article with neuter substantival σόφισμα phrase. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 σόφισμα | nmod | high | Object of ἐς; denotes the Messenians. |
| 6 | σόφισμα | σόφισμα | NOUN | N--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔμελλεν; modified by τὸ and ἐς Μεσσηνίους. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 δαίμων | det | high | Article with δαίμων. |
| 8 | δαίμων | δαίμων | NOUN | N--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | Agentive subject of ἔμελλεν. |
| 9 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V--IAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb, with complementary infinitive ἀποφανεῖν. |
| 10 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P---DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀποφανεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/affected party with ἀποφανεῖν; refers to the Lacedaemonians. |
| 11 | ἀποφανεῖν | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V--FAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 9 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Future active infinitive complementary to ἔμελλεν. |
| 12 | συμφοράν | συμφορά | NOUN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποφανεῖν | obj | high | Predicative/object accusative with ἀποφανεῖν: reveal it as a disaster. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |
Ἀριστοκράτης δὲ ὡς τὰ χρήματα ἐδέξατο ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, τὸ μὲν παραυτίκα ἔκρυπτεν ἐς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας οἷα ἐπεβούλευε, μελλόντων δὲ ἐς χεῖρας ἤδη συνέρχεσθαι, τηνικαῦτα ἐξεφόβησεν αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐν δυσχωρίᾳ τέ εἰσιν ἀπειλημμένοι καὶ ἀναχώρησις οὐκ ἔσται αὐτοῖς, ἢν κρατηθῶσιν, τά τε ἱερά σφισιν οὐκ ἔφη γεγονέναι κατὰ γνώμην.
The sentence has a temporal ὡς-clause, a coordinated narrative sequence, a genitive absolute (μελλόντων ... συνέρχεσθαι), and reported content after ὡς; the final ἔφη γεγονοέναι clause is coordinated with the preceding reported predicates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστοκράτης | Ἀριστοκράτης | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐδέξατο | mark | high | Temporal clause: when he received the money. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 χρήματα | det | high | |
| 5 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐδέξατο | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἐδέξατο | δέχομαι | VERB | V--AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | advcl | high | |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | |
| 8 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐδέξατο | obl | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐδέξατο | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | obj | high | Substantivized accusative temporal expression with παραυτίκα. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | discourse | high | |
| 12 | παραυτίκα | παραυτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἔκρυπτεν | κρύπτω | VERB | V--IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | conj | high | First coordinated action after the temporal clause. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Ἀρκάδας | case | high | |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | |
| 16 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | obl | high | |
| 17 | οἷα | οἷος | PRON | P---APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπεβούλευε | obj | medium | Relative/qualitative accusative, ‘the things which’; object of ἐπεβούλευε. |
| 18 | ἐπεβούλευε | ἐπιβουλεύω | VERB | V--IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | advcl | medium | Content/relative clause with οἷα; subject is Aristocrates. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | punct | high | |
| 20 | μελλόντων | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 συνέρχεσθαι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with implicit Arcadians as subject. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 μελλόντων | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 χεῖρας | case | high | |
| 23 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | N--APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 συνέρχεσθαι | obl | high | Expression ἐς χεῖρας συνέρχεσθαι. |
| 24 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 συνέρχεσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 25 | συνέρχεσθαι | συνέρχομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | advcl | high | Infinitive complementary to μελλόντων in the genitive absolute. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | punct | high | |
| 27 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | advmod | high | |
| 28 | ἐξεφόβησεν | ἐκφοβέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 29 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | obj | high | |
| 30 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 34 εἰσιν | mark | high | Introduces the content of the fear-inducing statement. |
| 31 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 δυσχωρίᾳ | case | high | |
| 32 | δυσχωρίᾳ | δυσχωρία | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ἀπειλημμένοι | obl | high | |
| 33 | τέ | τε | PART | X-------- | _ | 34 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 34 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | ccomp | high | First coordinated predicate in ὡς-content. |
| 35 | ἀπειλημμένοι | ἀπολαμβάνω | VERB | V-RPP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 34 εἰσιν | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle, predicative with εἰσιν; lexical sense ‘shut in/hemmed in’. |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 39 ἔσται | cc | high | |
| 37 | ἀναχώρησις | ἀναχώρησις | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἔσται | nsubj | high | |
| 38 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 39 ἔσται | advmod | high | |
| 39 | ἔσται | εἰμί | AUX | V-FMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 34 εἰσιν | conj | high | |
| 40 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 39 ἔσται | iobj | high | |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ἔσται | punct | high | |
| 42 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 43 κρατηθῶσιν | mark | high | Conditional subordinator. |
| 43 | κρατηθῶσιν | κρατέω | VERB | V-APS-3P | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 39 ἔσται | advcl | high | |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 κρατηθῶσιν | punct | high | |
| 45 | τά | ὁ | DET | T--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 47 ἱερά | det | high | |
| 46 | τε | τε | PART | X-------- | _ | 47 ἱερά | cc | high | |
| 47 | ἱερά | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 50 ἔφη | nsubj | high | |
| 48 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 50 ἔφη | iobj | high | |
| 49 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 50 ἔφη | advmod | high | |
| 50 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | conj | high | Coordinated reported assertion; subject Aristocrates. |
| 51 | γεγονέναι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 50 ἔφη | ccomp | high | Infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 52 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 53 γνώμην | case | high | |
| 53 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 51 γεγονέναι | obl | high | κατὰ γνώμην: according to expectation/plan. |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | punct | high |
ἐκέλευεν οὖν πάντα τινά, ἐπειδὰν αὐτὸς σημήνῃ, φυγῇ χρῆσθαι.
The main verb ἐκέλευεν governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction: πάντα τινά is the understood object/accusative subject of χρῆσθαι, while the ἐπειδάν clause has σημήνῃ as its subjunctive verb and αὐτός as subject. φυγῇ is the dative complement of χρῆσθαι, ‘to resort to flight’; its exact lexical parsing is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκέλευεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἐκέλευεν | discourse | high | Inferential connective; UD relation rendered as discourse. |
| 3 | πάντα | πᾶς | DET | A-APM---- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 4 τινά | det | high | Attributive quantifier modifying τινά. |
| 4 | τινά | τις | PRON | PX-APM---- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 11 χρῆσθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive χρῆσθαι; enclitic indefinite pronoun. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐκέλευεν | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἐπειδὰν | ἐπειδάν | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 σημήνῃ | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction introducing a clause with subjunctive. |
| 7 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM---- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 σημήνῃ | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of σημήνῃ. |
| 8 | σημήνῃ | σημαίνω | VERB | V-2AAS-3S | Mood=Subjunctive|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 11 χρῆσθαι | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate verb; aorist subjunctive after ἐπειδάν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 σημήνῃ | punct | high | |
| 10 | φυγῇ | φυγή | NOUN | N-DSF---- | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 11 χρῆσθαι | obl | medium | Dative complement of χρῆσθαι, ‘use/resort to flight’; lexical choice may be construed as a dative of means or object. |
| 11 | χρῆσθαι | χράομαι | VERB | V-PMN---- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 1 ἐκέλευεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of κελεύω. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐκέλευεν | punct | high |