Grammar parses for passage 4.17.6
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίοις μὲν τὸ ἐς Μεσσηνίους σόφισμα ὁ δαίμων ἔμελλεν αὐτοῖς ἀποφανεῖν συμφοράν·
The sentence has a parenthetical dative of interest/advantage with ἔμελλεν and a complementary infinitive ἀποφανεῖν governing συμφοράν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A---dpm- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 9 ἔμελλεν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/interest with ἔμελλεν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Λακεδαιμονίοις | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ampns- | Case=Accusative|Definite=Definite|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 6 σόφισμα | det | high | Article modifying σόφισμα. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | Preposition governing Μεσσηνίους. |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A---apm- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 6 σόφισμα | nmod | high | Adjectival ethnicon functioning as object of ἐς. |
| 6 | σόφισμα | σόφισμα | NOUN | N---nas- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 9 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔμελλεν. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-s---mn- | Case=Nominative|Definite=Definite|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 δαίμων | det | high | Article with δαίμων. |
| 8 | δαίμων | δαίμων | NOUN | N---msn- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 9 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔμελλεν. |
| 9 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-iaa3s- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P---dpm- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀποφανεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative likely dependent on infinitive ἀποφανεῖν; contextually 'for them'. |
| 11 | ἀποφανεῖν | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V--ana--- | VerbForm=Inf | 9 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with μέλλω. |
| 12 | συμφοράν | συμφορά | NOUN | N---fas- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 11 ἀποφανεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἀποφανεῖν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Ἀριστοκράτης δὲ ὡς τὰ χρήματα ἐδέξατο ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, τὸ μὲν παραυτίκα ἔκρυπτεν ἐς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας οἷα ἐπεβούλευε, μελλόντων δὲ ἐς χεῖρας ἤδη συνέρχεσθαι, τηνικαῦτα ἐξεφόβησεν αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐν δυσχωρίᾳ τέ εἰσιν ἀπειλημμένοι καὶ ἀναχώρησις οὐκ ἔσται αὐτοῖς, ἢν κρατηθῶσιν, τά τε ἱερά σφισιν οὐκ ἔφη γεγονέναι κατὰ γνώμην.
The sentence is highly paratactic, with multiple reported-speech/content clauses and a genitive absolute; several clauses are best treated as complements of verbs like ἐξεφόβησεν and ἔφη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστοκράτης | Ἀριστοκράτης | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐδέξατο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδέξατο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 ἐδέξατο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 6 ἐδέξατο | mark | medium | Introduces temporal clause; could be adverbial in isolation. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-3P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 χρήματα | det | high | Determiner of χρήματα. |
| 5 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐδέξατο | obj | high | Object of ἐδέξατο. |
| 6 | ἐδέξατο | δέχομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | Preposition governing Λακεδαίμονος. |
| 8 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐδέξατο | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐδέξατο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-3S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | det | high | Determinative article with implied substantive. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 12 | παραυτίκα | παραυτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔκρυπτεν. |
| 13 | ἔκρυπτεν | κρύπτω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Paratactic main verb; attached as a second root-like clause for annotation purposes. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Ἀρκάδας | case | high | Preposition with Ἀρκάδας. |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-3P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | Determiner of Ἀρκάδας. |
| 16 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | obl | high | Goal of ἐς. |
| 17 | οἷα | οἷος | ADJ | Q-3P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπεβούλευε | obj | medium | Likely internal accusative within the relative/clausal phrase; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 18 | ἐπεβούλευε | ἐπιβουλεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 13 ἔκρυπτεν | advcl | high | Temporal/causal subordinate clause dependent on ἔκρυπτεν. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐπεβούλευε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | μελλόντων | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAPGPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 συνέρχεσθαι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with ἀναρχή subject implied by context. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 20 μελλόντων | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 χεῖρας | case | high | Preposition with χεῖρας. |
| 23 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | N-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 συνέρχεσθαι | obl | high | Part of idiom ἐς χεῖρας συνέρχεσθαι. |
| 24 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 συνέρχεσθαι | advmod | high | Modifies συνέρχεσθαι. |
| 25 | συνέρχεσθαι | συνέρχομαι | VERB | V-PMN---- | Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 20 μελλόντων | xcomp | high | Complement of μέλλοντων. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 συνέρχεσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 27 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 28 | ἐξεφόβησεν | ἐκφοβέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the later clause. |
| 29 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | obj | high | Object of ἐξεφόβησεν. |
| 30 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | mark | high | Introduces content clause after ἐξεφόβησεν. |
| 31 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 δυσχωρίᾳ | case | high | Preposition with δυσχωρίᾳ. |
| 32 | δυσχωρίᾳ | δυσχωρία | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ἀπειλημμένοι | obl | high | Complement of ἀπειλημμένοι. |
| 33 | τέ | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 34 εἰσιν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 34 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 35 ἀπειλημμένοι | cop | high | Copula with participle ἀπειλημμένοι. |
| 35 | ἀπειλημμένοι | ἀπειλέω | VERB | V-PPP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | ccomp | high | Predicative participle in content clause. |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 39 ἔσται | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 37 | ἀναχώρησις | ἀναχώρησις | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἔσται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσται. |
| 38 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | G-------- | _ | 39 ἔσται | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 39 | ἔσται | εἰμί | AUX | V-FMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 35 ἀπειλημμένοι | conj | high | Coordinated predication inside the content clause. |
| 40 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 39 ἔσται | obl | high | Dative of reference/possession with ἔσται. |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ἔσται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 42 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 43 κρατηθῶσιν | mark | high | Conditional marker. |
| 43 | κρατηθῶσιν | κρατέω | VERB | V-APS-3P- | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 39 ἔσται | advcl | high | Conditional subordinate clause. |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 κρατηθῶσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 45 | τά | ὁ | DET | L-3P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 47 ἱερά | det | high | Article with ἱερά. |
| 46 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 45 τά | discourse | high | Correlative/enclitic particle. |
| 47 | ἱερά | ἱερός | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 51 γεγονέναι | nsubj | medium | Substantivized adjective functioning as subject of γεγονέναι. |
| 48 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 51 γεγονέναι | obl | high | Dative with κατὰ γνώμην understood as personal judgment frame. |
| 49 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | G-------- | _ | 50 ἔφη | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 50 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | ccomp | high | Verb of saying with infinitival complement. |
| 51 | γεγονέναι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ANA---- | Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 50 ἔφη | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive. |
| 52 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 53 γνώμην | case | high | Preposition governing γνώμην. |
| 53 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 51 γεγονέναι | obl | high | Adverbial/prepositional complement to γεγονέναι. |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐξεφόβησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐκέλευεν οὖν πάντα τινά, ἐπειδὰν αὐτὸς σημήνῃ, φυγῇ χρῆσθαι.
The construction is κελεύω + infinitive, with a temporal subordinate clause introduced by ἐπειδάν modifying the infinitival action.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκέλευεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἐκέλευεν | discourse | high | Inferential connective. |
| 3 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 τινά | amod | medium | Likely modifies τινά as an indefinite/partitive expression. |
| 4 | τινά | τις | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 1 ἐκέλευεν | obj | medium | Indefinite object of κελεύω; form may be functioning adverbially with πάντα. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐκέλευεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ἐπειδὰν | ἐπειδάν | SCONJ | C | _ | 8 σημήνῃ | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause. |
| 7 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=No | 8 σημήνῃ | nsubj | high | Subject of σημήνῃ. |
| 8 | σημήνῃ | σημαίνω | VERB | V-ASM-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 χρῆσθαι | advcl | high | Dependent temporal clause with ἐπειδάν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 χρῆσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | φυγῇ | φυγή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 χρῆσθαι | obl | medium | Dative with χρῆσθαι; could also be interpreted as abstract noun 'flight'. |
| 11 | χρῆσθαι | χράομαι | VERB | V--PNE | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 1 ἐκέλευεν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of κελεύεν. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐκέλευεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |