Grammar parses for passage 4.17.7
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι συνέμισγον καὶ ἦσαν ἐς τὸ κατʼ αὐτοὺς οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τετραμμένοι, ἐνταῦθα Ἀριστοκράτης ἀρχομένης τῆς μάχης ἀπῆγε τοὺς Ἀρκάδας,
The syntax shifts from a temporal clause to two coordinated clauses, with ἐς τὸ κατʼ αὐτούς best taken as an adverbial/prepositional phrase modifying the coordinated state of the Messenians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Sb | _ | 5 συνέμισγον | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 5 συνέμισγον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | Article with subject noun. |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 συνέμισγον | nsubj | high | Subject of συνέμισγον. |
| 5 | συνέμισγον | συμμίγνυμι | VERB | v3piia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c | _ | 5 συνέμισγον | cc | high | Coordinates ἦσαν to συνέμισγον. |
| 7 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | v3piia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 5 συνέμισγον | conj | high | Copular/existential-like verb in coordinated clause. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r | _ | 10 κατʼ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 κατʼ | det | high | Article with substantivized phrase. |
| 10 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | r | _ | 14 τετραμμένοι | case | medium | Likely part of prepositional expression ἐς τὸ κατʼ αὐτούς. |
| 11 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 κατʼ | obl | medium | Object of κατά; phrase functions adverbially. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article with subject noun. |
| 13 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦσαν. |
| 14 | τετραμμένοι | τρέπω | VERB | v-prppmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate participle agreeing with Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀπῆγε | punct | high | Comma. |
| 16 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | d | _ | 21 ἀπῆγε | advmod | high | Locative/discourse adverb. |
| 17 | Ἀριστοκράτης | Ἀριστοκράτης | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀπῆγε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπῆγε. |
| 18 | ἀρχομένης | ἄρχομαι | VERB | v-sppmg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 ἀπῆγε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 μάχης | det | high | Article with μάχης. |
| 20 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀρχομένης | obl | high | Genitive dependent in genitive absolute. |
| 21 | ἀπῆγε | ἀπάγω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 22 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | Article with object noun. |
| 23 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀπῆγε | obj | high | Direct object of ἀπῆγε. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀπῆγε | punct | high | Comma. |
καὶ τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις τό τε ἀριστερὸν καὶ μέσον ἠρήμωτο· οἱ γὰρ Ἀρκάδες σφίσιν εἶχον ἀμφότερα ἅτε ἀπόντων μὲν Ἠλείων τῆς μάχης, ἀπόντων δὲ Ἀργείων καὶ Σικυωνίων.
Two main clauses are coordinated; the second contains two genitive absolute participial clauses introduced by ἅτε and balanced by μέν...δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἠρήμωτο | cc | high | Coordinates with preceding context. |
| 2 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίοις. |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἠρήμωτο | obl | high | Dative of disadvantage. |
| 4 | τό | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀριστερὸν | det | high | Article with ἀριστερόν. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἀριστερὸν | advmod | high | Correlative enclitic. |
| 6 | ἀριστερὸν | ἀριστερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἠρήμωτο | nsubj | medium | Predicate adjective with τό. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἀριστερὸν | cc | high | Coordinates with μέσον. |
| 8 | μέσον | μέσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀριστερὸν | conj | medium | Second coordinated predicate adjective. |
| 9 | ἠρήμωτο | ἐρημόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; imperfect-like pluperfect form. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἠρήμωτο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | Article with Ἀρκάδες. |
| 12 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 15 εἶχον | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 13 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 εἶχον | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶχον. |
| 14 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 εἶχον | iobj | high | Dative beneficiary/reference. |
| 15 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main clause verb. |
| 16 | ἀμφότερα | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 εἶχον | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 17 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἀπόντων | mark | high | Causal/explicative marker with participles. |
| 18 | ἀπόντων | ἀπείμι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 εἶχον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 19 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἀπόντων | discourse | high | First member of μέν...δέ. |
| 20 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀπόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 21 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 μάχης | det | high | Article with μάχης. |
| 22 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπόντων | obl | medium | Likely partitive/objective genitive with ἀπόντων, or genitive of reference. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀπόντων | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 24 | ἀπόντων | ἀπείμι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 εἶχον | advcl | high | Second genitive absolute participle. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 24 ἀπόντων | discourse | high | Second member of μέν...δέ. |
| 26 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀπόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of second genitive absolute. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 Ἀργείων | cc | high | Coordinates Ἀργείων and Σικυωνίων. |
| 28 | Σικυωνίων | Σικυώνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Ἀργείων | conj | high | Coordinated subject in genitive absolute. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εἶχον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
προσεξειργάσθη δὲ καὶ ἄλλο τῷ Ἀριστοκράτει· διὰ γὰρ Μεσσηνίων ἐποιεῖτο τὴν φυγήν.
The syntax is two loosely connected clauses: the second explains the first with διὰ γὰρ + genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσεξειργάσθη | προσεξειργάζομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 προσεξειργάσθη | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἄλλο | cc | high | Connects ἄλλο with prior context. |
| 4 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 προσεξειργάσθη | obj | medium | Likely object/predicate of προσεξειργάσθη; case-form ambiguous in context. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ἀριστοκράτει | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 6 | Ἀριστοκράτει | Ἀριστοκράτης | PROPN | NE-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 προσεξειργάσθη | obl | high | Dative dependent of προσεξειργάσθη. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προσεξειργάσθη | punct | high | Middle punctuation. |
| 8 | διὰ | διά | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 10 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἐποιεῖτο | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 10 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιοι | PROPN | NE-PGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐποιεῖτο | obl | high | Genitive complement of διὰ. |
| 11 | ἐποιεῖτο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 1 προσεξειργάσθη | parataxis | high | Second clause verb, explanatory to the first. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 φυγήν | det | high | Article with noun. |
| 13 | φυγήν | φυγή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποιεῖτο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποιεῖτο. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προσεξειργάσθη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |