Grammar parses for passage 4.17.7
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι συνέμισγον καὶ ἦσαν ἐς τὸ κατʼ αὐτοὺς οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τετραμμένοι, ἐνταῦθα Ἀριστοκράτης ἀρχομένης τῆς μάχης ἀπῆγε τοὺς Ἀρκάδας,
ὡς introduces a temporal subordinate clause. In the main clause, ἀρχομένης τῆς μάχης is a genitive absolute; ἐς τὸ κατʼ αὐτούς is an elliptical directional phrase, with κατʼ αὐτούς meaning against them. The participle τετραμμένοι agrees with οἱ Μεσσήνιοι and is predicative with ἦσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 5 συνέμισγον | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 συνέμισγον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 συνέμισγον | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | συνέμισγον | συμμείγνυμι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 21 ἀπῆγε | advcl | medium | Imperfect; temporal subordinate predicate. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 5 συνέμισγον | conj | high | Coordinated with συνέμισγον. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 9 τὸ | case | high | |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 τετραμμένοι | obl | low | Substantivizes an elliptical directional expression; attachment is uncertain. |
| 10 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 11 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Elided form before vowel. |
| 11 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | PX-A4PM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 τετραμμένοι | obl | medium | Object of κατά; phrase means against them. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 13 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 τετραμμένοι | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 14 | τετραμμένοι | τρέπω | VERB | V-RMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle, predicative with ἦσαν; ‘having been turned’. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀπῆγε | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 ἀπῆγε | advmod | high | Then/thereupon. |
| 17 | Ἀριστοκράτης | Ἀριστοκράτης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀπῆγε | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | ἀρχομένης | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PPG-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 μάχης | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 μάχης | det | high | |
| 20 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀρχομένης | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 21 | ἀπῆγε | ἀπάγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 22 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | |
| 23 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀπῆγε | obj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀπῆγε | punct | high |
καὶ τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις τό τε ἀριστερὸν καὶ μέσον ἠρήμωτο· οἱ γὰρ Ἀρκάδες σφίσιν εἶχον ἀμφότερα ἅτε ἀπόντων μὲν Ἠλείων τῆς μάχης, ἀπόντων δὲ Ἀργείων καὶ Σικυωνίων.
The second clause explains εἶχον via two coordinated genitive absolutes; ἀμφότερα refers to the left and middle sectors.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἠρήμωτο | cc | high | |
| 2 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἠρήμωτο | obl | high | Dative of affected possession/state. |
| 4 | τό | ὁ | DET | T----SAN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀριστερὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀριστερὸν | cc | high | Correlative τε ... καί. |
| 6 | ἀριστερὸν | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἠρήμωτο | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 μέσον | cc | high | Correlative τε ... καί. |
| 8 | μέσον | μέσος | ADJ | A----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀριστερὸν | conj | high | Substantivized adjective coordinated with ἀριστερόν. |
| 9 | ἠρήμωτο | ἐρημόω | VERB | V----3S-IMI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive: had been left deserted. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἠρήμωτο | punct | high | |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | |
| 12 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 εἶχον | cc | high | Postpositive causal connective. |
| 13 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 εἶχον | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 εἶχον | iobj | high | Reflexive/independent third-person plural dative. |
| 15 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V----3P-IAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 9 ἠρήμωτο | parataxis | high | |
| 16 | ἀμφότερα | ἀμφότερος | PRON | A----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 εἶχον | obj | high | Substantival adjective/pronoun, referring to the two sectors. |
| 17 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἀπόντων | mark | high | Introduces causal participial construction. |
| 18 | ἀπόντων | ἄπειμι | VERB | V---GPM-PP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 εἶχον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, first member. |
| 19 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 18 ἀπόντων | advmod | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 20 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀπόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 21 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 μάχης | det | high | |
| 22 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπόντων | obl | high | Genitive with ἄπειμι: absent from the battle. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀπόντων | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἀπόντων | ἄπειμι | VERB | V---GPM-PP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἀπόντων | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive absolute. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ἀπόντων | cc | high | Correlative particle with μέν. |
| 26 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀπόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of second genitive absolute. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 Σικυωνίων | cc | high | |
| 28 | Σικυωνίων | Σικυώνιος | PROPN | A---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Ἀργείων | conj | high | Coordinated subject of second genitive absolute. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εἶχον | punct | high |
προσεξειργάσθη δὲ καὶ ἄλλο τῷ Ἀριστοκράτει· διὰ γὰρ Μεσσηνίων ἐποιεῖτο τὴν φυγήν.
The passive προσεξειργάσθη means that an additional deed/act was performed for Aristocrates; ἄλλο is the neuter nominative subject. The second clause has an understood feminine subject, likely the same agent as the first clause, with διὰ + genitive expressing route through the Messenians; ἐποιεῖτο is middle imperfect, syntactically somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσεξειργάσθη | προσεξεργάζομαι | VERB | V-AOR-PASS-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 4 ἄλλο | conj | medium | Aorist passive; exact lexical nuance and subject linkage are somewhat uncertain. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 προσεξειργάσθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἄλλο | cc | high | Coordinating/additive particle. |
| 4 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | nsubj:pass | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, subject of προσεξειργάσθη. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀριστοκράτει | det | high | Article with the proper name. |
| 6 | Ἀριστοκράτει | Ἀριστοκράτης | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 προσεξειργάσθη | iobj | medium | Dative of beneficiary/reference, 'for Aristocrates'. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προσεξειργάσθη | punct | high | |
| 8 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P-G | AdpType=Prep | 10 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | With genitive, expressing passage/route through. |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐποιεῖτο | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 10 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐποιεῖτο | obl | medium | Ethnic proper noun, object of διά. |
| 11 | ἐποιεῖτο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 1 προσεξειργάσθη | conj | medium | Imperfect middle; subject is unexpressed and likely linked to the preceding context. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 φυγήν | det | high | |
| 13 | φυγήν | φυγή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποιεῖτο | obj | high | Accusative object of ποιεῖτο; idiomatically 'made/took the flight'. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐποιεῖτο | punct | high |