Grammar parses for passage 4.17.8
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ πρὸς τὸ ἀνέλπιστον τῶν παρόντων ἐγένοντο ἔκφρονες καὶ ἅμα ὑπὸ τῆς διεξόδου τῆς κατὰ σφᾶς τῶν Ἀρκάδων ἐταράσσοντο, ὥστε αὐτῶν ἐδέησαν οἱ πολλοὶ καὶ ἐπιλαθέσθαι τῶν ἐν χερσίν·
The subject οἱ δέ is understood throughout; ὥστε introduces a result clause with ἐδέησαν and complementary infinitives. The phrase τῆς διεξόδου ... τῶν Ἀρκάδων is interpreted as the escape/exit of the Arcadians toward them; the exact attachment of κατὰ σφᾶς is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἐγένοντο | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 8 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R---- | _ | 5 ἀνέλπιστον | case | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἀνέλπιστον | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀνέλπιστον | ἀνέλπιστος | ADJ | A-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 παρόντων | det | high | |
| 7 | παρόντων | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἀνέλπιστον | nmod | high | Substantive participle, 'present circumstances'. |
| 8 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἔκφρονες | ἔκφρων | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐγένοντο | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 20 ἐταράσσοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 11 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D---- | _ | 20 ἐταράσσοντο | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R---- | _ | 14 διεξόδου | case | high | |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 διεξόδου | det | high | |
| 14 | διεξόδου | διέξοδος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐταράσσοντο | obl | high | Cause/source phrase with ὑπό. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 κατὰ | det | high | |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R---- | _ | 17 σφᾶς | case | medium | The phrase may modify διεξόδου or σφᾶς. |
| 17 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3AP---- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 14 διεξόδου | nmod | medium | Reflexive pronoun; likely 'against/toward themselves' with κατά. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 διεξόδου | nmod | high | |
| 20 | ἐταράσσοντο | ταράσσω | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐγένοντο | conj | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐταράσσοντο | punct | high | |
| 22 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | C---- | _ | 24 ἐδέησαν | mark | high | Result conjunction. |
| 23 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-3GPM | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 24 ἐδέησαν | iobj | medium | Genitive of the person in the impersonal expression ἐδέησαν. |
| 24 | ἐδέησαν | δέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἐγένοντο | advcl | high | Impersonal/result construction. |
| 25 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 πολλοὶ | det | high | |
| 26 | πολλοὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐδέησαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the majority'. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 28 ἐπιλαθέσθαι | cc | high | |
| 28 | ἐπιλαθέσθαι | ἐπιλανθάνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐδέησαν | xcomp | high | First infinitive coordinated with implied second infinitive. |
| 29 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 χερσίν | det | high | |
| 30 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R---- | _ | 31 χερσίν | case | high | |
| 31 | χερσίν | χείρ | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπιλαθέσθαι | obl | high | ἐν χερσίν: things presently in hand. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐγένοντο | punct | high |
ἀντὶ γὰρ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἐπιφερομένων ἤδη πρὸς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἀφεώρων φεύγοντας, καὶ οἱ μὲν παραμεῖναί σφισιν ἱκέτευον, οἱ δὲ καὶ λοιδορίαις ἐς αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐς ἄνδρας προδότας καὶ οὐ δικαίους ἐχρῶντο.
The opening genitive absolute is governed by ἀντί and contrasts with the two coordinated clauses: the subjects are implicit in ἀφεώρων/ἐχρῶντο, while οἱ μέν/οἱ δέ coordinate groups. παραμεῖναί is an infinitival complement of ἱκέτευον; ὡς ἐς ἄνδρας προδότας καὶ οὐ δικαίους is an object-oriented comparison/characterization with ἐχρῶντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 10 ἀφεώρων | case | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | G | _ | 10 ἀφεώρων | discourse | high | Explanatory connective. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπιφερομένων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | ἐπιφερομένων | ἐπιφέρω | VERB | VPPGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 ἀφεώρων | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; middle/passive form is semantically active here. |
| 6 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D | _ | 5 ἐπιφερομένων | advmod | high | |
| 7 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 9 Ἀρκάδας | case | high | |
| 8 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | NPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπιφερομένων | obl | high | Goal/direction complement of ἐπιφερομένων. |
| 10 | ἀφεώρων | ἀφοράω | VERB | VIPA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Implicit subject is the observers. |
| 11 | φεύγοντας | φεύγω | VERB | VPPAAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀφεώρων | obj | medium | Accusative participle functioning as an object/complement, ‘seeing them fleeing’; antecedent is contextually understood. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀφεώρων | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 ἱκέτευον | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause with the preceding clause. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | RP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἱκέτευον | nsubj | high | Substantival article, paired with μέν. |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Q | _ | 14 οἱ | advmod | high | Correlative particle. |
| 16 | παραμεῖναί | παραμένω | VERB | VNAA | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ἱκέτευον | xcomp | high | Aorist infinitive complement of ἱκέτευον. |
| 17 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 16 παραμεῖναί | obl | medium | Dative with παραμένω, ‘remain with them’. |
| 18 | ἱκέτευον | ἱκετεύω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἀφεώρων | conj | high | First μέν member. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἱκέτευον | punct | high | |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | RP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 ἐχρῶντο | nsubj | high | Substantival article, paired with δέ. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 33 ἐχρῶντο | cc | high | Second correlative member. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | PART | Q | _ | 23 λοιδορίαις | advmod | high | Additive particle. |
| 23 | λοιδορίαις | λοιδορία | NOUN | NDFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 33 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Instrumental/means dative with χράομαι. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 25 αὐτοὺς | case | high | |
| 25 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | RP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 33 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Person toward whom the abuse is directed. |
| 26 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 28 ἄνδρας | mark | medium | Introduces a comparison/characterization. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 28 ἄνδρας | case | high | |
| 28 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | NMPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 ἐχρῶντο | obl | medium | Accusative comparison phrase; parallel with λοιδορίαις ἐς αὐτούς. |
| 29 | προδότας | προδότης | NOUN | NMPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἄνδρας | amod | high | Predicative characterization of ἄνδρας. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 32 δικαίους | cc | high | |
| 31 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T | Polarity=Neg | 32 δικαίους | advmod | high | |
| 32 | δικαίους | δίκαιος | ADJ | AOMPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἄνδρας | conj | high | Coordinated predicative adjective with προδότας. |
| 33 | ἐχρῶντο | χράομαι | VERB | VIPI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 18 ἱκέτευον | conj | high | Second δέ member; χράομαι takes a dative of means and accusative/πρός phrase. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀφεώρων | punct | high |