Grammar parses for passage 4.17.9
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἥ τε κύκλωσις τῶν Μεσσηνίων μονωθέντων ἐγένετο οὐ χαλεπὴ καὶ νίκην ἑτοιμοτάτην πασῶν καὶ ἀπονώτατα ἀνείλοντο.
The sentence has a coordinated predicate: κύκλωσις ... ἐγένετο οὐ χαλεπή and (Λακεδαιμονίοις) νίκην ... ἀνείλοντο; μονωθέντων is a genitive absolute, while τῶν Μεσσηνίων is its understood subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Nb-DatP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀνείλοντο | iobj | medium | Dative of the Spartans as the beneficiaries/agents of both predicates. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 18 ἀνείλοντο | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἥ | ὁ | DET | S-R-NomS-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κύκλωσις | det | high | Article agreeing with κύκλωσις. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 5 κύκλωσις | cc | high | Correlative particle introducing the first coordinated predication. |
| 5 | κύκλωσις | κύκλωσις | NOUN | Nb-NomS-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S-G-GenP-MFN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article agreeing with Μεσσηνίων. |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Nb-GenP-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 μονωθέντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 8 | μονωθέντων | μονόω | VERB | V-AorP-G-p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute: ‘when the Messenians had been isolated’. |
| 9 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AorM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 18 ἀνείλοντο | conj | high | First coordinated finite predicate. |
| 10 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D- | _ | 11 χαλεπὴ | advmod | high | Negates χαλεπή. |
| 11 | χαλεπὴ | χαλεπός | ADJ | A-S-NomS-F | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἐγένετο, agreeing with κύκλωσις. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 18 ἀνείλοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 13 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | Nb-AccS-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀνείλοντο | obj | high | Object of ἀνείλοντο. |
| 14 | ἑτοιμοτάτην | ἑτοίμος | ADJ | A-S-AccS-F-Sup | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 νίκην | amod | high | Superlative modifier of νίκην. |
| 15 | πασῶν | πᾶς | PRON | A-G-GenP-F-Sup | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἑτοιμοτάτην | obl | medium | Partitive genitive with the superlative: ‘of all [victories]’; the noun is elided. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 17 ἀπονώτατα | cc | high | Coordinates the two adverbial superlatives. |
| 17 | ἀπονώτατα | ἄπονος | ADV | D-Sup | Degree=Sup | 18 ἀνείλοντο | advmod | high | Adverbial superlative modifying ἀνείλοντο: ‘with least effort’. |
| 18 | ἀνείλοντο | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-AorM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main root; subject is the Spartans, with κύκλωσις ἐγένετο coordinated. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀνείλοντο | punct | high |
Ἀριστομένης δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ συνέμειναν μὲν καὶ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τοὺς μάλιστα ἐγκειμένους ἀνείργειν ἐπειρῶντο, ὀλίγοι δὲ ὄντες οὐ μεγάλα ὠφέλουν.
The coordinated subject Ἀριστομένης καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ governs συνέμειναν and ἐπειρῶντο; ἐπειρῶντο takes the infinitive ἀνείργειν, with τοὺς ἐγκειμένους as its accusative object. The second clause has an understood subject referring to the group, with ὀλίγοι ὄντες concessive/causal and μεγάλα as an accusative of extent or internal object with ὠφέλουν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | Nbmg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 συνέμειναν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 7 συνέμειναν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 4 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject constituent. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | R----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 συνέμειναν | nsubj | high | Substantivizing article with an understood plural participle/noun, modified by σὺν αὐτῷ. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | S---- | _ | 6 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P----DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 οἱ | nmod | high | Object of σὺν; antecedent is Aristomenes. |
| 7 | συνέμειναν | συμμένω | VERB | V2AAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist main verb; plural subject is the coordinated group. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X---- | _ | 7 συνέμειναν | discourse | high | Correlative with δέ in token 19. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 15 ἀνείργειν | cc | high | Coordinates the object phrase with the preceding complement. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | R----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγκειμένους | nmod | high | Partitive/relational genitive with τοὺς ἐγκειμένους. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | R----APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγκειμένους | det | high | |
| 13 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 14 ἐγκειμένους | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ἐγκειμένους | ἔγκειμαι | VERB | V2PMPAPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 ἀνείργειν | obj | medium | Lexically middle/deponent in sense ‘pressing hard’; treated as a participial object phrase. |
| 15 | ἀνείργειν | ἀνέργω | VERB | V1PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἐπειρῶντο. |
| 16 | ἐπειρῶντο | πειράομαι | VERB | V1IMI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 7 συνέμειναν | conj | high | Imperfect middle/deponent coordinated with συνέμειναν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπειρῶντο | punct | high | |
| 18 | ὀλίγοι | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-----NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ὄντες | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with ὄντες. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 23 ὠφέλουν | cc | high | Contrasts the result clause with the preceding μέν clause. |
| 20 | ὄντες | εἰμί | AUX | V9PAPNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ὠφέλουν | advcl | high | Participial subordinate clause, with concessive/causal force. |
| 21 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T---- | Polarity=Neg | 23 ὠφέλουν | advmod | high | |
| 22 | μεγάλα | μέγας | ADJ | A-----APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ὠφέλουν | obj | medium | Neuter plural accusative used adverbially or as an internal object, ‘much’. |
| 23 | ὠφέλουν | ὠφελέω | VERB | V1IAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 7 συνέμειναν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause; subject is anaphorically the preceding group. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 συνέμειναν | punct | high |
τῶν δὲ Μεσσηνίων τοῦ μὲν δήμου τοσοῦτον πλῆθος ἀνηλώθησαν, ὡς τὰ πρῶτα Λακεδαιμονίων δεσπότας ἀντὶ δούλων ἔσεσθαι νομίζοντας τότε μηδὲ ἐς τὴν σωτηρίαν αὐτὴν ἔτι ἔχειν ἐλπίδα·
The finite verb ἀνηλώθησαν is formally plural but the quantified neuter subject τοσοῦτον πλῆθος licenses the construction; νομίζοντας is an accusative masculine plural participle agreeing with an implicit/understood group of Messenians in the following ὡς-clause, whose infinitives express their belief. Some attachment details are necessarily uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | obl | high | Genitive of affected group/source. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 δήμου | det | high | |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 δήμου | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart is not overtly expressed. |
| 6 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | obl | high | Partitive genitive: the common people of the Messenians. |
| 7 | τοσοῦτον | τοσοῦτος | DET | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 πλῆθος | det | high | Quantifier agreeing with πλῆθος. |
| 8 | πλῆθος | πλῆθος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | nsubj | high | Neuter collective/quantified subject; the plural finite verb is an attraction or semantic agreement. |
| 9 | ἀνηλώθησαν | ἀναλίσκω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate, ‘were expended/destroyed’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 νομίζοντας | mark | medium | Introduces a result/content infinitival construction; exact scope is debatable. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 πρῶτα | det | high | |
| 13 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADV | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἔσεσθαι | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘at first/in the first instance’; formally neuter plural. |
| 14 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 δεσπότας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δεσπότας. |
| 15 | δεσπότας | δεσπότης | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἔσεσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with ἔσεσθαι. |
| 16 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 δούλων | case | high | |
| 17 | δούλων | δοῦλος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 δεσπότας | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀντί. |
| 18 | ἔσεσθαι | εἰμί | AUX | V-F--N | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 19 νομίζοντας | xcomp | high | Future infinitive, dependent on νομίζοντας. |
| 19 | νομίζοντας | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | advcl | medium | Accusative participle with understood subject; likely circumstantial/resultative within the ὡς-clause. |
| 20 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 νομίζοντας | advmod | high | |
| 21 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ἔχειν | cc | high | Coordinates the negative infinitival complement. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 σωτηρίαν | case | high | |
| 23 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 σωτηρίαν | det | high | |
| 24 | σωτηρίαν | σωτηρία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἔχειν | obl | high | Object of ἐς with ἔχειν: ‘have toward/in regard to safety’. |
| 25 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 σωτηρίαν | amod | high | Intensive/emphatic modifier of σωτηρίαν. |
| 26 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 27 ἔχειν | advmod | high | |
| 27 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 νομίζοντας | xcomp | high | Infinitive coordinated by μηδέ; ἐλπίδα is its object. |
| 28 | ἐλπίδα | ἐλπίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἔχειν | obj | high | |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | punct | high |