Grammar parses for passage 4.17.9
Open translation for this passage
Ἀριστομένης δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ συνέμειναν μὲν καὶ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τοὺς μάλιστα ἐγκειμένους ἀνείργειν ἐπειρῶντο, ὀλίγοι δὲ ὄντες οὐ μεγάλα ὠφέλουν.
The clause μετά μὲν/δὲ is straightforward, but the participial phrase with τοὺς μάλιστα ἐγκειμένους ἀνείργειν is syntactically compressed and somewhat ambiguous.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 συνέμειναν | nsubj | high | Subject of συνέμειναν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 συνέμειναν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinates with οἱ. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-pNSM--- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 συνέμειναν | nsubj | high | Article functioning substantively with following prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition taking dative. |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 οἱ | nmod | high | Dative complement of σὺν modifying οἱ. |
| 7 | συνέμειναν | συμμένω | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 συνέμειναν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐπειρῶντο | cc | high | Coordinates the infinitival clause with the finite clause. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-pG--- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | Article with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--PGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀνείργειν | obj | medium | Genitive dependent of the participial phrase; likely partitive/possessive relation semantically. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-pASM- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἐγκειμένους | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 13 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 ἐγκειμένους | advmod | high | Modifies ἐγκειμένους. |
| 14 | ἐγκειμένους | ἔγκειμαι | VERB | V-RMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀνείργειν | obj | medium | Accusative participle with infinitive ἀνείργειν; function somewhat unclear, treated as object/complement. |
| 15 | ἀνείργειν | ἀνείργω | VERB | V-PAI--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἐπειρῶντο. |
| 16 | ἐπειρῶντο | πείρω | VERB | V-III-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 7 συνέμειναν | conj | medium | Second coordinated predicate; spelling likely from ἐπείρωντο/ἐπειρῶντο, interpreted as imperfect middle of πειράομαι/ἐπειράομαι. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 συνέμειναν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | ὀλίγοι | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A--NP-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ὠφέλουν | nsubj | high | Subject of ὠφέλουν. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 23 ὠφέλουν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 20 | ὄντες | εἰμί | VERB | V-PPP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ὠφέλουν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 21 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 23 ὠφέλουν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 22 | μεγάλα | μέγας | ADJ | A--NA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ὠφέλουν | obj | medium | Adverbial accusative: 'greatly'/'much'. |
| 23 | ὠφέλουν | ὠφελέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 7 συνέμειναν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb with συνέμειναν. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 συνέμειναν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τῶν δὲ Μεσσηνίων τοῦ μὲν δήμου τοσοῦτον πλῆθος ἀνηλώθησαν, ὡς τὰ πρῶτα Λακεδαιμονίων δεσπότας ἀντὶ δούλων ἔσεσθαι νομίζοντας τότε μηδὲ ἐς τὴν σωτηρίαν αὐτὴν ἔτι ἔχειν ἐλπίδα·
The main difficulty is the long result/indirect-statement complex after ὡς, especially the participle νομίζοντας with nested infinitival complements ἔσεσθαι and ἔχειν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίων. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πλῆθος | nmod | high | Partitive/attributive genitive dependent on πλῆθος. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 δήμου | det | high | Article modifying δήμου. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 τοῦ | discourse | high | Correlative particle with resumed δὲ. |
| 6 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πλῆθος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πλῆθος. |
| 7 | τοσοῦτον | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 πλῆθος | amod | high | Modifies πλῆθος as degree/quantity. |
| 8 | πλῆθος | πλῆθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | obj | medium | Accusative object/complement with passive ἀνηλώθησαν; clause-internal focus. |
| 9 | ἀνηλώθησαν | ἀναλίσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 19 νομίζοντας | mark | high | Introduces result/comparative clause. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 πρῶτα | det | high | Article with πρῶτα. |
| 13 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 νομίζοντας | obj | medium | Neuter plural substantive/adverbial object-like phrase, likely 'at first' or 'the first things'. |
| 14 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 δεσπότας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δεσπότας. |
| 15 | δεσπότας | δεσπότης | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἔσεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Complement of ἔσεσθαι in indirect statement. |
| 16 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | _ | _ | 17 δούλων | case | high | Preposition. |
| 17 | δούλων | δοῦλος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀντὶ | obl | medium | Object of ἀντί with genitive. |
| 18 | ἔσεσθαι | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 19 νομίζοντας | xcomp | high | Future infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 19 | νομίζοντας | νομίζω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | advcl | high | Participial clause depending on main verb; subject understood from Μεσσηνίων. |
| 20 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 19 νομίζοντας | advmod | high | Temporal modifier. |
| 21 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | PART | _ | _ | 27 ἔχειν | advmod | high | Negative coordinating particle. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 24 σωτηρίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 23 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 σωτηρίαν | det | high | Article modifying σωτηρίαν. |
| 24 | σωτηρίαν | σωτηρία | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἔχειν | obl | high | Complement of ἔχειν with preposition ἐς. |
| 25 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 24 σωτηρίαν | amod | medium | Intensive/emphatic modifier of σωτηρίαν. |
| 26 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 27 ἔχειν | advmod | high | Temporal/aspectual adverb. |
| 27 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 νομίζοντας | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of νομίζοντας. |
| 28 | ἐλπίδα | ἐλπίς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἔχειν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχειν. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀνηλώθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀπέθανον δὲ καὶ τῶν πρωτευόντων ἄλλοι τε καὶ Ἀνδροκλῆς καὶ Φίντας καὶ λόγου μάλιστα ἀξίως ἀγωνισάμενος Φάνας, ὃς πρότερον τούτων ἔτι δολίχου νίκην Ὀλυμπίασιν ἦν ἀνῃρημένος.
The first clause is a coordinated subject list with a participial modifier; the relative clause after the comma explains who ὃς is and includes a periphrastic pluperfect/passive participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπέθανον | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-3AAI-A-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἄλλοι | cc | high | Connects coordinated subject phrases. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RD-GP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 πρωτευόντων | det | high | Article modifying the participle. |
| 5 | πρωτευόντων | πρωτεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 τῶν | amod | medium | Attributive participle modifying 'των'. |
| 6 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπέθανον | nsubj | high | Subject with the verb 'ἀπέθανον'. |
| 7 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἄλλοι | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinator. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 Ἀνδροκλῆς | cc | high | Coordinates names in the subject list. |
| 9 | Ἀνδροκλῆς | Ἀνδροκλῆς | PROPN | Ne-X---NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἄλλοι | conj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 Φίντας | cc | high | Coordinates names in the subject list. |
| 11 | Φίντας | Φίντας | PROPN | Ne-X---NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἄλλοι | conj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 Φάνας | cc | high | Introduces the last coordinated name. |
| 13 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-S---GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀξίως | obl | medium | Genitive with ἀξίως; likely part of idiom 'λόγου μάλιστα ἀξίως'. |
| 14 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 ἀξίως | advmod | high | Modifies ἀξίως. |
| 15 | ἀξίως | ἀξίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἀγωνισάμενος | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the participle. |
| 16 | ἀγωνισάμενος | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 Φάνας | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying Φάνας. |
| 17 | Φάνας | Φάνας | PROPN | Ne-X---NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἄλλοι | conj | high | Final coordinated subject. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | Rp-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 27 ἀνῃρημένος | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun subject of ἀνῃρημένος. |
| 20 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 27 ἀνῃρημένος | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the participial clause. |
| 21 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-GP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 20 πρότερον | obl | medium | Genitive comparison/complement with πρότερον; relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 22 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 27 ἀνῃρημένος | advmod | high | Modifies the participle. |
| 23 | δολίχου | δολιχός | ADJ | A---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 νίκην | amod | medium | Likely genitive with νίκην, part of the phrase 'δολίχου νίκην'. |
| 24 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀνῃρημένος | obj | high | Object/complement of the participle phrase. |
| 25 | Ὀλυμπίασιν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | Np-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 νίκην | obl | high | Dative of place with νίκην. |
| 26 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3IAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 27 ἀνῃρημένος | aux | high | Auxiliary for pluperfect-like periphrasis. |
| 27 | ἀνῃρημένος | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-RPP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 ἀπέθανον | advcl | high | Participial clause agreeing with ὃς. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |