Grammar parses for passage 4.18.7
Open translation for this passage
καὶ τὴν μέν, ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀριστομένους ἠλευθερώθη, τὸ φωλίον ἔμελλεν ὑποδέξεσθαι· Ἀριστομένης δὲ---οὐ γάρ τι ἡ ὀπὴ καὶ τούτῳ παρέχειν ἐδύνατο ἔξοδον---εὐρυτέραν τε ταῖς χερσὶν ἐποίησε καὶ οἴκαδε ἐς τὴν Εἶραν ἀποσώζεται,
The syntax is interrupted by a parenthetical explanatory clause; the main coordination is between ἔμελλεν, ἐποίησε, and ἀποσώζεται, with one root chosen for the full sentence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking clauses. |
| 2 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 φωλίον | det | high | Article with φωλίον. |
| 3 | μέν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 τὴν | discourse | medium | Correlative particle; attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἠλευθερώθη | mark | high | Marks causal/temporal subordinate clause. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 8 Ἀριστομένους | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀριστομένους | det | high | Article with Ἀριστομένους. |
| 8 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἠλευθερώθη | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 9 | ἠλευθερώθη | ἐλευθερόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 14 ὑποδέξεσθαι | advcl | high | Subordinate clause with ὡς. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἠλευθερώθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 φωλίον | det | high | Article with φωλίον. |
| 12 | φωλίον | φωλίον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ὑποδέξεσθαι | obj | high | Object of ὑποδέξεσθαι. |
| 13 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 14 | ὑποδέξεσθαι | ὑποδέχομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 13 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of μέλλω. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 ἐποίησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησε. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 16 Ἀριστομένης | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐδύνατο | punct | high | Dashes in editorial interruption. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐδύνατο | punct | high | Dashes in editorial interruption. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐδύνατο | punct | high | Dashes in editorial interruption. |
| 21 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 29 ἐδύνατο | advmod | high | Negation of ἐδύνατο. |
| 22 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 29 ἐδύνατο | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 23 | τι | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 29 ἐδύνατο | obj | medium | Indefinite pronoun; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 24 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 ὀπὴ | det | high | Article with ὀπὴ. |
| 25 | ὀπὴ | ὀπή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐδύνατο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδύνατο. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 ἐδύνατο | cc | high | Links coordinated complements/objects in the clause. |
| 27 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 29 ἐδύνατο | iobj | medium | Dative complement; could be attached as oblique. |
| 28 | παρέχειν | παρέχω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 29 ἐδύνατο | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἐδύνατο. |
| 29 | ἐδύνατο | δύναμαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 38 ἐποίησε | advcl | high | Parenthetical causal clause. |
| 30 | ἔξοδον | ἔξοδος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 παρέχειν | obj | high | Object of παρέχειν. |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐδύνατο | punct | high | Dashes in editorial interruption. |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐδύνατο | punct | high | Dashes in editorial interruption. |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐδύνατο | punct | high | Dashes in editorial interruption. |
| 34 | εὐρυτέραν | εὐρύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ἐποίησε | obj | medium | Likely object/predicate accusative with ἐποίησε. |
| 35 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 34 εὐρυτέραν | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 36 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 37 χερσὶν | det | high | Article with χερσὶν. |
| 37 | χερσὶν | χείρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 38 ἐποίησε | obl | high | Dative of instrument/means. |
| 38 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main clause verb; sentence coordination with previous root. |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 38 ἐποίησε | cc | high | Coordinates ἐποίησε with ἀποσώζεται. |
| 40 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | _ | _ | 44 ἀποσώζεται | advmod | high | Adverb of direction. |
| 41 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 43 Εἶραν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 42 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 43 Εἶραν | det | high | Article with Εἶραν. |
| 43 | Εἶραν | Εἶρα | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 ἀποσώζεται | obl | high | Goal of motion with εἰς. |
| 44 | ἀποσώζεται | ἀποσῴζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 38 ἐποίησε | conj | high | Conjunct verb with ἐποίησε. |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἐποίησε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
παραδόξῳ μὲν τῇ τύχῃ καὶ ἐς τὴν ἅλωσιν χρησάμενος, τὸ γάρ οἱ φρόνημα ἦν καὶ τὰ τολμήματα μείζονα ἢ ὡς ἐλπίσαι τινὰ Ἀριστομένην αἰχμάλωτον ἂν γενέσθαι, παραδοξοτέρα δέ ἐστι καὶ πάντων προδηλότατα οὐκ ἄνευ θεοῦ ἡ ἐκ τοῦ Κεάδα σωτηρία.
The sentence is heavily parenthetical and elliptical, with an explanatory ὅτι-like sequence lacking an explicit finite verb in the middle; the final clause is straightforwardly copular, but the nominal phrase ἐκ τοῦ Κεάδα is morphologically irregular/uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παραδόξῳ | παράδοξος | ADJ | A--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 τύχῃ | amod | high | Modifies τύχῃ. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 παραδόξῳ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τύχῃ | det | high | Article with τύχῃ. |
| 4 | τύχῃ | τύχη | NOUN | N-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 χρησάμενος | obl | high | Dative object with χρησάμενος. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 4 τύχῃ | cc | high | Coordinates the dative phrase with the following prepositional phrase. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ἅλωσιν | case | high | Preposition governing ἅλωσιν. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἅλωσιν | det | high | Article with ἅλωσιν. |
| 8 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 χρησάμενος | obl | high | Accusative complement of ἐς. |
| 9 | χρησάμενος | χράομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 31 ἐστι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main clause. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 χρησάμενος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 φρόνημα | det | medium | Likely article with φρόνημα; syntax is slightly elliptical. |
| 12 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 φρόνημα | det | low | Likely enclitic/dative pronoun for indirect object 'to him'; form is ambiguous as written. |
| 14 | φρόνημα | φρόνημα | NOUN | N-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν in an inner clause. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 μείζονα | advcl | medium | Copular verb in explanatory subordinate clause. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 18 τολμήματα | cc | high | Coordinates the two subjects/nominal predicates. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 τολμήματα | det | high | Article with τολμήματα. |
| 18 | τολμήματα | τόλμημα | NOUN | N-NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 μείζονα | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject of ἦν. |
| 19 | μείζονα | μέγας | ADJ | A-CPN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative/comparative complement with ἦν; analysis somewhat elliptical. |
| 20 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | G--------- | _ | 22 ἐλπίσαι | mark | high | Introduces comparative clause. |
| 21 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G--------- | _ | 22 ἐλπίσαι | mark | high | Subordinating marker with infinitive construction. |
| 22 | ἐλπίσαι | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-AAAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 μείζονα | advcl | high | Infinitival clause dependent on comparative phrase. |
| 23 | τινὰ | τις | PRON | P-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 22 ἐλπίσαι | obj | medium | Object of ἐλπίσαι. |
| 24 | Ἀριστομένην | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 τινὰ | appos | medium | Appositional proper name to τινά. |
| 25 | αἰχμάλωτον | αἰχμάλωτος | ADJ | A-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἀριστομένην | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective modifying Ἀριστομένην. |
| 26 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G-------- | _ | 27 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Modal particle with infinitive. |
| 27 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ANM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐλπίσαι | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive dependent on ἐλπίσαι. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 γενέσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 29 | παραδοξοτέρα | παραδοξότερος | ADJ | A--NSF- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with ἐστι. |
| 30 | δέ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 31 ἐστι | discourse | high | Mild adversative/discourse particle. |
| 31 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause root. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 34 προδηλότατα | cc | high | Coordinates the two superlatives. |
| 33 | πάντων | πᾶς | ADJ | A-GPN- | Case=Gen|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 προδηλότατα | obl | high | Partitive/genitive with προδηλότατα. |
| 34 | προδηλότατα | προδήλος | ADJ | A-NSN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστι | obl | medium | Adverbial/superlative modifier of the clause; form and syntax are somewhat elliptical. |
| 35 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | G-------- | _ | 31 ἐστι | advmod | high | Negates ἐστι. |
| 36 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 37 θεοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing θεοῦ. |
| 37 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστι | obl | high | Prepositional oblique dependent on ἐστι. |
| 38 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 σωτηρία | det | high | Article with σωτηρία. |
| 39 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 42 σωτηρία | case | high | Preposition in the nominal phrase. |
| 40 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 41 Κεάδα | det | high | Article with Κεάδα. |
| 41 | Κεάδα | Κεάδας | PROPN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἐκ | nmod | low | Likely place-name after ἐκ; surface case is unexpected, so analysis is tentative. |
| 42 | σωτηρία | σωτηρία | NOUN | N-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |