Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.18.7

← 4.18.6 4.19.1 →

Passage 4.18.7

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2sentences parsed

88Greek tokens

1,949input tokens

6,050output tokens

Sentence 1

4.18.7 sentence 1

Tokens: 45
Input: 973
Output: 2,879
Total: 3,852

καὶ τὴν μέν, ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀριστομένους ἠλευθερώθη, τὸ φωλίον ἔμελλεν ὑποδέξεσθαι· Ἀριστομένης δὲ---οὐ γάρ τι ἡ ὀπὴ καὶ τούτῳ παρέχειν ἐδύνατο ἔξοδον---εὐρυτέραν τε ταῖς χερσὶν ἐποίησε καὶ οἴκαδε ἐς τὴν Εἶραν ἀποσώζεται,

Coordinated narrative: τὴν μέν is the object of ὑποδέξεσθαι with a concessive/temporal ὡς-clause; Ἀριστομένης is the subject of ἐποίησε and ἀποσώζεται. Dashed tokens are editorial punctuation treated as PUNCT.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	13 ἔμελλεν	cc	high
2	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 φωλίον	det	high
3	μέν	μέν	PART	_	_	2 τὴν	discourse	high	Correlative μέν; paired contrastively with δέ.
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἠλευθερώθη	punct	high
5	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	9 ἠλευθερώθη	mark	medium	Introduces a temporal/explanatory subordinate clause.
6	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	_	_	8 Ἀριστομένους	case	high
7	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Ἀριστομένους	det	high
8	Ἀριστομένους	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἠλευθερώθη	obl	high
9	ἠλευθερώθη	ἐλευθερόω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	13 ἔμελλεν	advcl	medium	Passive subject is the feminine object antecedent of τὴν; clause has implicit subject.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἠλευθερώθη	punct	high
11	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 φωλίον	det	high
12	φωλίον	φωλίον	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 ὑποδέξεσθαι	obj	medium	Neuter noun is the object of ὑποδέξεσθαι; article form is formally compatible with nominative/accusative.
13	ἔμελλεν	μέλλω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate; ὑποδέξεσθαι is complementary infinitive.
14	ὑποδέξεσθαι	ὑποδέχομαι	VERB	_	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	13 ἔμελλεν	xcomp	high
15	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἔμελλεν	punct	high
16	Ἀριστομένης	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	38 ἐποίησε	nsubj	high	Also understood as subject of ἀποσώζεται.
17	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	38 ἐποίησε	cc	high
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	16 Ἀριστομένης	punct	high	Editorial dash.
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	16 Ἀριστομένης	punct	high	Editorial dash.
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	16 Ἀριστομένης	punct	high	Editorial dash.
21	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	Polarity=Neg	29 ἐδύνατο	advmod	high
22	γάρ	γάρ	CCONJ	_	_	29 ἐδύνατο	discourse	medium	Explanatory connective.
23	τι	τις	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 παρέχειν	obj	medium	Indefinite/neuter pronoun, likely adverbial or object-like with παρέχειν.
24	ἡ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ὀπὴ	det	high
25	ὀπὴ	ὀπή	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἐδύνατο	nsubj	high
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	27 τούτῳ	cc	high
27	τούτῳ	οὗτος	PRON	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 παρέχειν	iobj	high	Dative of the person benefited/affected.
28	παρέχειν	παρέχω	VERB	_	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	29 ἐδύνατο	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive with ἐδύνατο.
29	ἐδύνατο	δύναμαι	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Mid	38 ἐποίησε	advcl	high	Parenthetical explanatory clause.
30	ἔξοδον	ἔξοδος	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 παρέχειν	obj	high
31	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐδύνατο	punct	high	Editorial dash.
32	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐδύνατο	punct	high	Editorial dash.
33	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐδύνατο	punct	high	Editorial dash.
34	εὐρυτέραν	εὐρύς	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 ἐποίησε	obj	high	Predicative object/complement describing the widened opening.
35	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	34 εὐρυτέραν	cc	high
36	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	37 χερσὶν	det	high
37	χερσὶν	χείρ	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	38 ἐποίησε	obl	high	Instrumental dative.
38	ἐποίησε	ποιέω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Second coordinated main predicate; coordination with the preceding clause is asyndetic at the punctuation boundary.
39	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	44 ἀποσώζεται	cc	high
40	οἴκαδε	οἴκαδε	ADV	_	_	44 ἀποσώζεται	advmod	high
41	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	43 Εἶραν	case	high
42	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	43 Εἶραν	det	high
43	Εἶραν	Εἶρα	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 ἀποσώζεται	obl	high	Place name.
44	ἀποσώζεται	ἀποσῴζω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	38 ἐποίησε	conj	medium	Present historic or textual present; subject is Ἀριστομένης.
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	44 ἀποσώζεται	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.18.7 sentence 2

Tokens: 43
Input: 976
Output: 3,171
Total: 4,147

παραδόξῳ μὲν τῇ τύχῃ καὶ ἐς τὴν ἅλωσιν χρησάμενος, τὸ γάρ οἱ φρόνημα ἦν καὶ τὰ τολμήματα μείζονα ἢ ὡς ἐλπίσαι τινὰ Ἀριστομένην αἰχμάλωτον ἂν γενέσθαι, παραδοξοτέρα δέ ἐστι καὶ πάντων προδηλότατα οὐκ ἄνευ θεοῦ ἡ ἐκ τοῦ Κεάδα σωτηρία.

The opening participial phrase is concessive/circumstantial and shares the understood subject Aristomenes; τὸ φρόνημα καὶ τὰ τολμήματα are coordinated subjects of ἦν, with μείζονα as predicate adjective and ἢ ὡς ἐλπίσαι τινά ... γενέσθαι an elliptical comparative clause. The main predicate is ἐστι, with ἡ ... σωτηρία as subject and παραδοξοτέρα as predicate adjective; προδηλότατα is adverbial, οὐκ ἄνευ θεοῦ modifies the assertion.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	παραδόξῳ	παράδοξος	ADJ	A----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 τύχῃ	amod	high	Agrees with τῇ τύχῃ.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	9 χρησάμενος	discourse	high	Correlative particle introducing the concessive/opening phrase.
3	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 τύχῃ	det	high
4	τύχῃ	τύχη	NOUN	N-DSF----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 χρησάμενος	obl	high	Dative with χρήομαι.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	6 ἐς	cc	high	Coordinates ἐς τὴν ἅλωσιν with the preceding dative circumstance.
6	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	8 ἅλωσιν	case	high
7	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἅλωσιν	det	high
8	ἅλωσιν	ἅλωσις	NOUN	N-ASF----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 χρησάμενος	obl	high	Accusative object of ἐς after χρήομαι, ‘use even for capture’.
9	χρησάμενος	χράομαι	VERB	V-ADPMSN-	Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	31 ἐστι	advcl	medium	Circumstantial/concessive aorist participle; subject is the understood Aristomenes.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 χρησάμενος	punct	high
11	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 φρόνημα	det	high
12	γάρ	γάρ	SCONJ	G--------	_	15 ἦν	mark	high	Explanatory conjunction introducing the parenthetic explanatory clause.
13	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	P---DSM--	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3	14 φρόνημα	iobj	medium	Ethic/reference dative, ‘for him’; orthographically identical to the article.
14	φρόνημα	φρόνημα	NOUN	N-NSN----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 ἦν	nsubj	high	First coordinated subject of ἦν.
15	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI3S--	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	31 ἐστι	parataxis	medium	Parenthetic explanatory clause; singular agreement is compatible with the first neuter singular subject.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	18 τολμήματα	cc	high
17	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-NPN----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	18 τολμήματα	det	high
18	τολμήματα	τόλμημα	NOUN	N-NPN----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 φρόνημα	conj	high	Coordinated with φρόνημα as subject.
19	μείζονα	μέγας	ADJ	A-NPN-C--	Case=Nom\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἦν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective, agreeing with coordinated neuter subjects.
20	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	C--------	_	21 ὡς	cc	high	Introduces the comparative clause.
21	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	G--------	_	22 ἐλπίσαι	mark	high	Comparative conjunction with infinitive.
22	ἐλπίσαι	ἐλπίζω	VERB	V-AN-	Aspect=Aor\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	19 μείζονα	advcl	medium	Infinitival comparative clause dependent on μείζονα.
23	τινὰ	τις	PRON	P-ASM----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ἐλπίσαι	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
24	Ἀριστομένην	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	Ne-ASM----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 γενέσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of γενέσθαι; appositional/identifying relation to τινά.
25	αἰχμάλωτον	αἰχμάλωτος	ADJ	A-ASM----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 γενέσθαι	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with γενέσθαι.
26	ἂν	ἄν	PART	G--------	_	27 γενέσθαι	advmod	high	Modal particle with the infinitival construction.
27	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2ADN--	Aspect=Aor\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	22 ἐλπίσαι	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive under ἐλπίσαι.
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	31 ἐστι	punct	high
29	παραδοξοτέρα	παράδοξος	ADJ	A-NSF-C--	Case=Nom\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 ἐστι	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with ἐστι.
30	δέ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	31 ἐστι	cc	high	Adversative/continuative particle.
31	ἐστι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI3S--	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite predicate.
32	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	34 προδηλότατα	advmod	medium	Adverbial ‘also/even’ modifying προδηλότατα.
33	πάντων	πᾶς	DET	A-GPN----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	34 προδηλότατα	obl	high	Genitive of comparison/superlative domain with προδηλότατα.
34	προδηλότατα	πρόδηλος	ADV	D--------	Degree=Sup	31 ἐστι	advmod	high	Adverbial superlative, ‘most manifestly’.
35	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	D--------	_	36 ἄνευ	advmod	high	Negates the prepositional phrase.
36	ἄνευ	ἄνευ	ADP	R--------	_	37 θεοῦ	case	high
37	θεοῦ	θεός	NOUN	N-GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 ἐστι	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἄνευ.
38	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	42 σωτηρία	det	high
39	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	41 Κεάδα	case	high
40	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	41 Κεάδα	det	high
41	Κεάδα	Κεάδας	PROPN	Ne-GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	42 σωτηρία	nmod	medium	Proper place-name in the genitive after ἐκ; lemma normalized as Κεάδας.
42	σωτηρία	σωτηρία	NOUN	N-NSF----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 ἐστι	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστι.
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	31 ἐστι	punct	high

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