Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.19.2

← 4.19.1 4.19.3 →

Passage 4.19.2

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3sentences parsed

64Greek tokens

2,380input tokens

4,934output tokens

Sentence 1

4.19.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 21
Input: 784
Output: 1,647
Total: 2,431

τούτους παρὰ τῶν κατασκόπων πυνθανόμενος ὁ Ἀριστομένης τῇ πορείᾳ τε ἀτακτότερον χρῆσθαι καὶ ταῖς στρατοπεδείαις ἀφυλάκτως, ἐπιτίθεται νύκτωρ σφίσι·

The infinitive χρῆσθαι is governed by πυνθανόμενος; the coordinated phrases describe disorderly marching and unguarded encampments, while Ἀριστομένης is the subject of the main attack.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τούτους	οὗτος	PRON	ADJ/PRON-AccMascPl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	5 πυνθανόμενος	obj	high	Object of πυνθανόμενος.
2	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	4 κατασκόπων	case	high	Takes the genitive τῶν κατασκόπων.
3	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GenMascPl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	4 κατασκόπων	det	high
4	κατασκόπων	κατάσκοπος	NOUN	N-GenMascPl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 πυνθανόμενος	obl	high	Source/comitative complement with παρά.
5	πυνθανόμενος	πυνθάνομαι	VERB	V-PresMidPart-NomMascSg	Aspect=Imp\|Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	18 ἐπιτίθεται	advcl	high	Participial circumstance preceding the main verb.
6	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NomMascSg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Ἀριστομένης	det	high
7	Ἀριστομένης	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	N-NomMascSg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἐπιτίθεται	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐπιτίθεται and understood subject of the participle.
8	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DatFemSg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 πορείᾳ	det	high
9	πορείᾳ	πορεία	NOUN	N-DatFemSg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 χρῆσθαι	obl	high	Dative complement of χρῆσθαι.
10	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 χρῆσθαι	cc	high	Coordinates the two complements/uses of χρῆσθαι.
11	ἀτακτότερον	ἄτακτος	ADV	ADV-Comp	Degree=Cmp	12 χρῆσθαι	advmod	high	Comparative adverb modifying χρῆσθαι.
12	χρῆσθαι	χράομαι	VERB	V-PresMidInf	Aspect=Imp\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	5 πυνθανόμενος	ccomp	high	Infinitive governed by πυνθανόμενος; its understood subject is the scouts' subject/context.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 ἀφυλάκτως	cc	medium	Coordinates the second adverbial/complement phrase with the preceding use of χρῆσθαι.
14	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DatFemPl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	15 στρατοπεδείαις	det	high
15	στρατοπεδείαις	στρατοπεδεία	NOUN	N-DatFemPl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	16 ἀφυλάκτως	obl	medium	Dative complement of χρῆσθαι, with ἀφυλάκτως describing the camps' lack of guard.
16	ἀφυλάκτως	ἀφύλακτος	ADV	ADV	_	12 χρῆσθαι	advmod	high	Adverb modifying χρῆσθαι.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἐπιτίθεται	punct	high
18	ἐπιτίθεται	ἐπιτίθημι	VERB	V-PresMidInd-3Sg	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb, 'attacks/sets upon'.
19	νύκτωρ	νύκτωρ	ADV	ADV	_	18 ἐπιτίθεται	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
20	σφίσι	σφεῖς	PRON	P-Dat3Pl	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	18 ἐπιτίθεται	iobj	high	Dative target of ἐπιτίθεται.
21	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἐπιτίθεται	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.19.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 21
Input: 800
Output: 1,494
Total: 2,294

καὶ τῶν τε ἄλλων καθευδόντων ἔτι ἐφόνευσε τοὺς πολλοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας Ὑπερμενίδην καὶ Ἀχλαδαῖον καὶ Λυσίστρατον καὶ Σίδεκτον ἀποκτίννυσι.

Genitive absolute τῶν τε ἄλλων καθευδόντων ἔτι modifies the coordinated narrative predicates; the second present ἀποκτίννυσι is a historic present coordinated with ἐφόνευσε.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	7 ἐφόνευσε	cc	high
2	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Art-Gen pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 καθευδόντων	det	high
3	τε	τε	PART	_	_	4 ἄλλων	cc	high
4	ἄλλων	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-G----P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 καθευδόντων	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective.
5	καθευδόντων	καθεύδω	VERB	V-PAP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	7 ἐφόνευσε	advcl	high	Genitive absolute with τῶν ἄλλων.
6	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	_	_	5 καθευδόντων	advmod	high
7	ἐφόνευσε	φονεύω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Aorist-form semantic context is possible, but form is formally ambiguous between imperfect and aorist in some traditions.
8	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	Art-Acc pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 πολλοὺς	det	high
9	πολλοὺς	πολύς	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἐφόνευσε	obj	high	Substantivized adjective.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	20 ἀποκτίννυσι	cc	high	Coordinates the second verbal predicate.
11	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	Art-Acc pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἡγεμόνας	det	high
12	ἡγεμόνας	ἡγεμών	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 ἀποκτίννυσι	obj	high
13	Ὑπερμενίδην	Ὑπερμενίδης	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἡγεμόνας	appos	high	First listed leader.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	15 Ἀχλαδαῖον	cc	high
15	Ἀχλαδαῖον	Ἀχλαδαῖος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἡγεμόνας	conj	high	Name coordinated within the appositional list.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	17 Λυσίστρατον	cc	high
17	Λυσίστρατον	Λυσίστρατος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἡγεμόνας	conj	high	Name coordinated within the appositional list.
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	19 Σίδεκτον	cc	high
19	Σίδεκτον	Σίδεκτος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἡγεμόνας	conj	high	Name coordinated within the appositional list.
20	ἀποκτίννυσι	ἀποκτείνω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	7 ἐφόνευσε	conj	high	Present historic/asyndetic coordinated predicate; shares subject with ἐφόνευσε.
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἐφόνευσε	punct	high

Sentence 3

4.19.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 22
Input: 796
Output: 1,793
Total: 2,589

διαρπάσας δὲ καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν τὴν στρατηγίδα παρέστησεν εὖ εἰδέναι Σπαρτιάταις ὡς Ἀριστομένης καὶ οὐκ ἄλλος Μεσσηνίων ἐστὶν ὁ ταῦτα εἰργασμένος.

The participle διαρπάσας is adverbial with παρέστησεν; παρέστησεν takes an accusative-and-infinitive construction (εὖ εἰδέναι) with Σπαρτιάταις as the experiencer/indirect object. The ὡς-clause identifies Aristomenes as the one who did these things; καὶ οὐκ ἄλλος is coordinated subject material, and ὁ εἰργασμένος is a substantival participial predicate/apposition.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	διαρπάσας	διαρπάζω	VERB	V-2AAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	8 παρέστησεν	advcl	high	Adverbial aorist participle, subject understood as the agent of παρέστησεν.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 παρέστησεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	5 σκηνὴν	cc	high	Coordinates the object phrase.
4	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 σκηνὴν	det	high
5	σκηνὴν	σκηνή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 διαρπάσας	obj	high	Object of διαρπάσας.
6	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 στρατηγίδα	det	high
7	στρατηγίδα	στρατηγίς	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 σκηνὴν	appos	medium	Appositional specification of σκηνήν, ‘the general's tent’; could also be analyzed as a modifying noun.
8	παρέστησεν	παρίστημι	VERB	V-IAA-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
9	εὖ	εὖ	ADV	ADV	_	10 εἰδέναι	advmod	high	Manner adverb modifying εἰδέναι.
10	εἰδέναι	οἶδα	VERB	V-2RAN	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Perfect\|Voice=Active	8 παρέστησεν	xcomp	high	Perfect infinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive complement of παρέστησεν.
11	Σπαρτιάταις	Σπαρτιάτης	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 εἰδέναι	iobj	high	Dative experiencer/addressee of εἰδέναι.
12	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	10 εἰδέναι	mark	high	Introduces the content clause.
13	Ἀριστομένης	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἐστὶν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστίν.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 ἄλλος	cc	high	Coordinates ἄλλος with the preceding subject.
15	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 ἄλλος	advmod	high	Negates ἄλλος.
16	ἄλλος	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Ἀριστομένης	conj	medium	Coordinated nominal predicate/subject complement: ‘and not another’.
17	Μεσσηνίων	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ἄλλος	nmod	high	Partitive/genitive dependent on ἄλλος.
18	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PNA-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	10 εἰδέναι	ccomp	high	Copular verb of the ὡς content clause.
19	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 εἰργασμένος	det	high	Article substantivizing εἰργασμένος.
20	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	PD-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	21 εἰργασμένος	obj	high	Object of εἰργασμένος.
21	εἰργασμένος	ἐργάζομαι	VERB	V-RPP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perfect\|Voice=Middle	18 ἐστὶν	xcomp	high	Substantival perfect participle, ‘the one who has done these things’; predicate identification with Ἀριστομένης.
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 παρέστησεν	punct	high

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