Grammar parses for passage 4.19.3
Open translation for this passage
ἔθυσε δὲ καὶ τῷ Διὶ τῷ Ἰθωμάτᾳ τὴν θυσίαν ἣν ἑκατομφόνια ὀνομάζουσιν.
The relative clause ἣν ἑκατομφόνια ὀνομάζουσιν modifies τὴν θυσίαν; ἑκατομφόνια is a neuter plural term used as the predicate accusative/name of the sacrifice. The dative phrase τῷ Διὶ τῷ Ἰθωμάτᾳ is the recipient of sacrifice.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔθυσε | θύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔθυσε | cc | high | Postpositive conjunction. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔθυσε | cc | high | Coordinating/adverbial καί; analyzed as linking this clause to prior context. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Διὶ | det | high | |
| 5 | Διὶ | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔθυσε | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary of θύω. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ἰθωμάτᾳ | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἰθωμάτᾳ | Ἰθωμάτας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Διὶ | appos | medium | Epithet/appositional name of Zeus; lemma normalized to nominative. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 θυσίαν | det | high | |
| 9 | θυσίαν | θυσία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔθυσε | obj | high | |
| 10 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 12 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun; antecedent is θυσίαν. |
| 11 | ἑκατομφόνια | ἑκατομφόνιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ὀνομάζουσιν | xcomp | medium | Neuter plural sacrificial designation, functioning as predicate/name complement with ὀνομάζουσιν. |
| 12 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 θυσίαν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔθυσε | punct | high |
αὕτη δὲ καθεστήκει μὲν ἐκ παλαιοτάτου, θύειν δὲ αὐτὴν Μεσσηνίων ἐνομίζετο ὁπόσοι πολεμίους ἄνδρας κατεργάσαιντο ἑκατόν.
The sentence contains two coordinated predications; θύειν αὐτήν is an infinitival complement of impersonal ἐνομίζετο, with a compressed relative clause specifying those who had defeated a hundred enemy men.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | PD--NFS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 καθεστήκει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 καθεστήκει | cc | high | |
| 3 | καθεστήκει | καθίστημι | VERB | V-LIA3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect form, with stative sense 'had stood/been established'. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 3 καθεστήκει | discourse | high | |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | -------- | _ | 6 παλαιοτάτου | case | high | |
| 6 | παλαιοτάτου | παλαιός | ADJ | A-SNS | Case=Gen|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 καθεστήκει | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter genitive, likely 'from the earliest time'; exact ellipsis is implicit. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 καθεστήκει | punct | high | |
| 8 | θύειν | θύω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἐνομίζετο | xcomp | medium | Infinitive functioning in the impersonal/passive construction with ἐνομίζετο. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 ἐνομίζετο | cc | high | |
| 10 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 θύειν | obj | high | |
| 11 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐνομίζετο | obl | medium | Genitive of the people/community practicing the rite. |
| 12 | ἐνομίζετο | νομίζω | VERB | V-IPI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive: 'it was customary/was considered'. |
| 13 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | RI-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 16 κατεργάσαιντο | nsubj | medium | Free relative subject, 'as many as'; its quantified group is the subject of κατεργάσαιντο. |
| 14 | πολεμίους | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἄνδρας | amod | high | |
| 15 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 κατεργάσαιντο | obj | high | |
| 16 | κατεργάσαιντο | κατεργάζομαι | VERB | V-AOS3P-- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐνομίζετο | advcl | medium | Aorist middle optative in the relative clause; the construction is syntactically compressed. |
| 17 | ἑκατόν | ἑκατόν | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 15 ἄνδρας | nummod | medium | indeclinable/cardinal numeral, understood with ἄνδρας as 'a hundred men'. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐνομίζετο | punct | high |
Ἀριστομένει δέ, ὅτε ἐπὶ Κάπρου σήματι ἐμαχέσατο, θύσαντι ἑκατομφόνια πρῶτον, δεύτερα ἤδη θῦσαι καὶ ὁ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ τῶν Κορινθίων παρέσχε φόνος.
The sentence is syntactically compressed: παρέσχε governs θῦσαι as an infinitival complement, while φόνος is the overt nominative subject; the dative participle θύσαντι likely resumes Ἀριστομένει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένει | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 παρέσχε | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/topic; recipient of παρέσχε. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 παρέσχε | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | punct | _ | 24 παρέσχε | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 8 ἐμαχέσατο | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 σήματι | case | high | |
| 6 | Κάπρου | Κάπρος | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 σήματι | nmod | medium | Proper name in the prepositional phrase; exact referent uncertain. |
| 7 | σήματι | σῆμα | NOUN | N--DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐμαχέσατο | obl | medium | Dative with ἐπί, likely location/circumstance. |
| 8 | ἐμαχέσατο | μάχομαι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 24 παρέσχε | advcl | high | Temporal clause headed by ὅτε. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | punct | _ | 8 ἐμαχέσατο | punct | high | |
| 10 | θύσαντι | θύω | VERB | V-AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 παρέσχε | advcl | medium | Dative aorist participle, probably agreeing with Ἀριστομένει. |
| 11 | ἑκατομφόνια | ἑκατομφόνια | NOUN | N--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 θύσαντι | obj | medium | Neuter plural sacrificial object; lexical form may be substantivized. |
| 12 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A--APN | Degree=Pos | 16 θῦσαι | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘first’. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | punct | _ | 16 θῦσαι | punct | high | |
| 14 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADV | A--APN | Degree=Pos | 16 θῦσαι | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘a second time/secondly’. |
| 15 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 θῦσαι | advmod | high | |
| 16 | θῦσαι | θύω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 24 παρέσχε | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on παρέσχε; construction is syntactically compressed/elliptical. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 φόνος | cc | medium | Coordinates the subject-like noun phrase with the preceding infinitival idea. |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 φόνος | det | high | |
| 19 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 20 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 νυκτὶ | det | high | |
| 21 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 φόνος | obl | high | |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 Κορινθίων | det | high | |
| 23 | Κορινθίων | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 νυκτὶ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on νυκτί. |
| 24 | παρέσχε | παρέχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 25 | φόνος | φόνος | NOUN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 παρέσχε | nsubj | medium | Subject of παρέσχε; coordinated with the understood/elliptical sacrifice event. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | punct | _ | 24 παρέσχε | punct | high |
τοῦτον μὲν δὴ λέγουσι καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς ὕστερον θῦσαι καταδρομαῖς θυσίαν τρίτην, Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ---ἐπῄει γὰρ
The infinitive θῦσαι is governed by λέγουσι with an elided/understood subject; ἐπὶ ταῖς ὕστερον καταδρομαῖς modifies the occasion of the sacrifice. The dash marks an interrupted construction before the explanatory parenthesis ἐπῄει γὰρ; the exact antecedent and linkage of ἐπῄει are uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | PD-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 λέγουσι | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 4 λέγουσι | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 4 λέγουσι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 θῦσαι | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 10 καταδρομαῖς | case | high | With dative. |
| 7 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | DAFDP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 καταδρομαῖς | det | high | |
| 8 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D | _ | 10 καταδρομαῖς | advmod | medium | Adverbial temporal modifier: 'later/subsequent'. |
| 9 | θῦσαι | θύω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | |
| 10 | καταδρομαῖς | καταδρομή | NOUN | N-DDFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 θῦσαι | obl | medium | Dative with ἐπί; denotes later raids/incursions. |
| 11 | θυσίαν | θυσία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 θῦσαι | obj | high | |
| 12 | τρίτην | τρίτος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 θυσίαν | amod | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 λέγουσι | punct | high | |
| 14 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐπῄει | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of the following ἐπῄει; construction is interrupted. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 19 ἐπῄει | cc | medium | Adversative continuation after the comma. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 19 ἐπῄει | punct | high | Dash in source. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 19 ἐπῄει | punct | high | Dash in source. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 19 ἐπῄει | punct | high | Dash in source. |
| 19 | ἐπῄει | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 4 λέγουσι | parataxis | low | Form and syntactic linkage are uncertain in the interrupted text; parsed as an imperfect verb in an explanatory parenthesis. |
| 20 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | X | _ | 19 ἐπῄει | mark | high |