Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.19.3

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Passage 4.19.3

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

59Greek tokens

2,248input tokens

4,298output tokens

Sentence 1

4.19.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 13
Input: 705
Output: 1,029
Total: 1,734

ἔθυσε δὲ καὶ τῷ Διὶ τῷ Ἰθωμάτᾳ τὴν θυσίαν ἣν ἑκατομφόνια ὀνομάζουσιν.

The syntax is straightforward except for ἑκατομφόνια, which may be an appositional or predicative nominal inside the relative clause; the head of the relative clause is therefore somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔθυσε	θύω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the sentence.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	1 ἔθυσε	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	1 ἔθυσε	cc	high	Connects the coordinated object phrase with the preceding context.
4	τῷ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 Διὶ	det	high	Article modifying Διὶ.
5	Διὶ	Ζεύς	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἔθυσε	iobj	high	Dative recipient/deity addressed by the sacrifice.
6	τῷ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Ἰθωμάτᾳ	det	high	Article modifying Ἰθωμάτᾳ.
7	Ἰθωμάτᾳ	Ἰθωμάτας	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Διὶ	amod	medium	Likely epithet/apposition to Διὶ; annotated as adjectival modifier.
8	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 θυσίαν	det	high	Article modifying θυσίαν.
9	θυσίαν	θυσία	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἔθυσε	obj	high	Direct object of ἔθυσε.
10	ἣν	ὅς	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	12 ὀνομάζουσιν	obj	high	Relative pronoun object of ὀνομάζουσιν.
11	ἑκατομφόνια	ἑκατομφόνια	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ὀνομάζουσιν	obj	low	Form is unclear; treated as a nominal element in the relative clause, possibly appositional/name of the sacrifice.
12	ὀνομάζουσιν	ὀνομάζω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	11 ἑκατομφόνια	acl:relcl	medium	Relative clause modifying θυσίαν; head chosen as the most likely nominal antecedent within the clause.
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔθυσε	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

4.19.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 26
Input: 805
Output: 1,885
Total: 2,690

Ἀριστομένει δέ, ὅτε ἐπὶ Κάπρου σήματι ἐμαχέσατο, θύσαντι ἑκατομφόνια πρῶτον, δεύτερα ἤδη θῦσαι καὶ ὁ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ τῶν Κορινθίων παρέσχε φόνος.

The final segment is syntactically compressed: καὶ ὁ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ τῶν Κορινθίων παρέσχε φόνος is best treated as a coordinated clause/nominalized expression attached to the main statement, though the exact internal relation of φόνος and παρέσχε is difficult.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἀριστομένει	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	NNP-DAT-SG	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐμαχέσατο	iobj	high	Dative of reference/interest with the verb ἐμαχέσατο.
2	δέ	δέ	CCONJ	P	_	8 ἐμαχέσατο	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐμαχέσατο	punct	high	Punctuation.
4	ὅτε	ὅτε	SCONJ	CS	_	8 ἐμαχέσατο	mark	high	Introduces temporal subordinate clause.
5	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	7 σήματι	case	high	Preposition governing σήματι.
6	Κάπρου	Κάπρος	PROPN	NNP-GEN-SG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 σήματι	nmod	high	Dependent genitive with σήματι.
7	σήματι	σῆμα	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ἐμαχέσατο	obl	high	Adverbial oblique with ἐπί.
8	ἐμαχέσατο	μαχέομαι	VERB	V-AMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the clause.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐμαχέσατο	punct	high	Punctuation.
10	θύσαντι	θύω	VERB	V-AAP-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	16 θῦσαι	advcl	medium	Dative participle, likely dependent on the infinitive θῦσαι/understood subject reference.
11	ἑκατομφόνια	ἑκατόμφονια	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 θῦσαι	obj	medium	Object of θῦσαι; form and sense somewhat uncertain.
12	πρῶτον	πρῶτος	ADV	D	_	16 θῦσαι	advmod	high	Adverbial use 'first'.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	16 θῦσαι	punct	high	Punctuation.
14	δεύτερα	δεύτερος	ADV	D	_	16 θῦσαι	advmod	high	Adverbial use 'secondly'.
15	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	D	_	16 θῦσαι	advmod	high	Temporal/aspectual adverb.
16	θῦσαι	θύω	VERB	V-ANA	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	8 ἐμαχέσατο	xcomp	high	Complement to παρέσχε.
17	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 παρέσχε	cc	high	Coordinates the following clause/item with previous content.
18	ὁ	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	25 φόνος	det	high	Article introducing nominalized participial phrase.
19	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	21 νυκτὶ	case	high	Preposition governing νυκτὶ.
20	τῇ	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 νυκτὶ	det	high	Article modifying νυκτὶ.
21	νυκτὶ	νύξ	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 φόνος	nmod	high	Head of the prepositional phrase modifying φόνος.
22	τῶν	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	23 Κορινθίων	det	high	Article modifying Κορινθίων.
23	Κορινθίων	Κορίνθιος	ADJ	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 φόνος	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of φόνος, 'of the Corinthians'.
24	παρέσχε	παρέχω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	25 φόνος	acl:relcl	high	Finite verb in relative clause modifying φόνος.
25	φόνος	φόνος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐμαχέσατο	conj	medium	Likely coordinated with the προηγούμενη infinitival phrase as another predicate/accusative-style content; syntax is somewhat compressed.
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐμαχέσατο	punct	high	Punctuation.

Sentence 4

4.19.3 sentence 4

Tokens: 20
Input: 738
Output: 1,384
Total: 2,122

τοῦτον μὲν δὴ λέγουσι καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς ὕστερον θῦσαι καταδρομαῖς θυσίαν τρίτην, Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ---ἐπῄει γὰρ

The sentence is fragmentary, with a new clause beginning at ἐπῄει after a dash; I treated ἐπῄει as the root of that continuation.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦτον	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	4 λέγουσι	obj	high	Direct object of λέγουσι.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	4 λέγουσι	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	G--------	_	4 λέγουσι	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
4	λέγουσι	λέγω	VERB	V3PPAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the first clause.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	4 λέγουσι	cc	high	Connects coordinated phrase/clause.
6	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	10 καταδρομαῖς	case	high	Preposition governing καταδρομαῖς.
7	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	L-P---FD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	10 καταδρομαῖς	det	high	Article with καταδρομαῖς.
8	ὕστερον	ὕστερον	ADV	D--------	_	9 θῦσαι	advmod	high	Adverb modifying θῦσαι.
9	θῦσαι	θύω	VERB	V--AAN---	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	11 θυσίαν	acl	medium	Infinitival clause modifying θυσίαν; syntax somewhat loose in context.
10	καταδρομαῖς	καταδρομή	NOUN	N-P---FD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	9 θῦσαι	obl	medium	Dative governed by ἐπὶ.
11	θυσίαν	θυσία	NOUN	N-S---FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 λέγουσι	obj	high	Object/complement within the first clause.
12	τρίτην	τρίτος	ADJ	A-S---FA-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 θυσίαν	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying θυσίαν.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 λέγουσι	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
14	Λακεδαιμόνιοι	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N-P---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἐπῄει	nsubj	medium	Subject of ἐπῄει; could also be appositional/topic in the fragment.
15	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	19 ἐπῄει	discourse	high	Mild adversative/continuative particle.
16	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐπῄει	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
17	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐπῄει	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐπῄει	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
19	ἐπῄει	ἐπέρχομαι	VERB	V3SIIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Fragmentary continuation; parsed as the new clause root.
20	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G--------	_	19 ἐπῄει	discourse	high	Explanatory particle.

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