Grammar parses for passage 4.19.5
Open translation for this passage
ἑσπέρα γὰρ ἐπῄει.
Simple clause with postpositive γάρ; ἑσπέρα functions as the subject of the imperfect verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑσπέρα | ἑσπέρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 3 ἐπῄει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπῄει. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐπῄει | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἐπῄει | ἐπείμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, sentence root. |
| 4 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπῄει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
δύο μὲν οὖν ἐς Σπάρτην ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἐλθόντες Λακεδαιμονίοις Ἀριστομένην εὐηγγελίζοντο ἡλωκέναι·
The opening δύο μὲν οὖν is best treated as a discourse/numeric frame; Ἀριστομένην ἡλωκέναι forms the indirect statement after εὐηγγελίζοντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δύο | δύο | NUM | _ | Case=Acc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial 'for two [years/days]' or numeric modifier; context does not show explicit noun. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἐλθόντες | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Σπάρτην | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 5 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐλθόντες | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 6 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 7 αὐτῶν | case | high | Preposition; governs genitive. |
| 7 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἐλθόντες | obl | high | Source/starting point with ἀπό. |
| 8 | ἐλθόντες | ἔρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with implicit subject. |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 10 | Ἀριστομένην | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἡλωκέναι | obj | high | Object of infinitive. |
| 11 | εὐηγγελίζοντο | εὐαγγελίζομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | ἡλωκέναι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | xcomp | high | Perfect infinitive in indirect statement; form is classical perfect active infinitive of ἁλίσκομαι/ἁλίσκειν usage. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ ἀποχωροῦσιν ἐς ἀγρὸν τῶν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ.
The phrase τῶν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ is syntactically elliptical; I treat it as a nominal modifier of ἀγρόν, though the exact implied noun is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 2 λοιποὶ | det | high | Articular modifier of λοιποὶ. |
| 2 | λοιποὶ | λοιπός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀποχωροῦσιν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | ἀποχωροῦσιν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ἀγρὸν | case | high | Preposition governing ἀγρὸν. |
| 6 | ἀγρὸν | ἀγρός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | obl | high | Oblique goal complement of ἀποχωροῦσιν. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | medium | Article introducing the genitive modifier phrase. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 10 Μεσσηνίᾳ | case | high | Preposition within the genitive modifier phrase. |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίᾳ. |
| 10 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγρὸν | nmod | medium | Genitive phrase likely elliptical/partitive relative modifier of ἀγρός; dative form with ἐν is preserved as in text. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐνταῦθα ᾤκει κόρη σὺν μητρὶ παρθένος, πατρὸς ὀρφανή.
The phrase πατρὸς ὀρφανή is best taken as a descriptive modifier of κόρη, with the genitive indicating separation/loss ('fatherless').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 2 ᾤκει | advmod | high | Adverbial location modifier. |
| 2 | ᾤκει | οἰκέω | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 3 | κόρη | κόρη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ᾤκει | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾤκει. |
| 4 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 μητρὶ | case | high | Preposition governing μητρί. |
| 5 | μητρὶ | μήτηρ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ᾤκει | obl | high | Prepositional object with σὺν. |
| 6 | παρθένος | παρθένος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 κόρη | appos | medium | Likely apposition to κόρη ('maiden'). |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ᾤκει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | πατρὸς | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὀρφανή | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὀρφανή. |
| 9 | ὀρφανή | ὀρφανός | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 κόρη | amod | medium | Predicative/appositional adjective modifying κόρη; agrees in gender/number/case. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ᾤκει | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
τῇ δὲ προτέρᾳ νυκτὶ εἶδεν ὄψιν ἡ παῖς·
Straightforward main clause with a temporal dative phrase; subject follows the verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 νυκτὶ | det | high | Article modifying νυκτί. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 εἶδεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | προτέρᾳ | πρότερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 νυκτὶ | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying νυκτί. |
| 4 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶδεν | obl | high | Temporal dative, dependent on εἶδεν. |
| 5 | εἶδεν | ὁράω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | ὄψιν | ὄψις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶδεν | obj | high | Direct object of εἶδεν. |
| 7 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 παῖς | det | high | Article modifying παῖς. |
| 8 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶδεν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶδεν. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἶδεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
λέοντα ἐς τὸν ἀγρὸν λύκοι σφίσιν ἤγαγον δεδεμένον καὶ οὐκ ἔχοντα ὄνυχας, αὐτὴ δὲ τοῦ δεσμοῦ τὸν λέοντα ἀπέλυσε καὶ ἀνευροῦσα ἔδωκε τοὺς ὄνυχας, οὕτω τε διασπασθῆναι τοὺς λύκους ἔδοξεν ὑπὸ τοῦ λέοντος.
The sentence is loosely paratactic, with participles modifying λέοντα and a final impersonal-style construction (οὕτω τε διασπασθῆναι... ἔδοξεν) expressing appearance/opinion.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέοντα | λέων | NOUN | N-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἤγαγον | obj | high | Direct object of ἤγαγον. |
| 2 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R | _ | 4 ἀγρὸν | case | high | Preposition governing ἀγρὸν. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀγρὸν | det | high | Definite article modifying ἀγρὸν. |
| 4 | ἀγρὸν | ἀγρός | NOUN | N-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἤγαγον | obl | high | Goal/location phrase with ἐς. |
| 5 | λύκοι | λύκος | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἤγαγον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἤγαγον. |
| 6 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD---D- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ἤγαγον | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/reference, likely coreferential 'to themselves/for them'. |
| 7 | ἤγαγον | ἄγω | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 8 | δεδεμένον | δέω | VERB | V-PPP-AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 λέοντα | acl | high | Participial modifier of λέοντα. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἤγαγον | cc | high | Connects participial/adjectival material in the clause. |
| 10 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 11 ἔχοντα | advmod | high | Negation of ἔχοντα. |
| 11 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PPA-AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 λέοντα | conj | high | Second participial modifier of λέοντα. |
| 12 | ὄνυχας | ὄνυξ | NOUN | N-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔχοντα | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντα. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἤγαγον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | αὐτὴ | αὐτός | PRON | A-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀπέλυσε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέλυσε; emphatic 'she herself'. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 20 ἀπέλυσε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 δεσμοῦ | det | high | Article with δεσμοῦ. |
| 17 | δεσμοῦ | δεσμός | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀπέλυσε | obl | medium | Genitive complement/ablatival phrase with ἀπέλυσε. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 λέοντα | det | high | Article with λέοντα. |
| 19 | λέοντα | λέων | NOUN | N-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀπέλυσε | obj | high | Object of ἀπέλυσε. |
| 20 | ἀπέλυσε | ἀπολύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 7 ἤγαγον | conj | high | Second main verb coordinated to ἤγαγον. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 ἔδωκε | cc | high | Coordinates ἀνευροῦσα with ἀπέλυσε. |
| 22 | ἀνευροῦσα | ἀνευρίσκω | VERB | V-PPA-SFN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἔδωκε | advcl | high | Participial clause preceding ἔδωκε. |
| 23 | ἔδωκε | δίδωμι | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 20 ἀπέλυσε | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀπέλυσε. |
| 24 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ὄνυχας | det | high | Article with ὄνυχας. |
| 25 | ὄνυχας | ὄνυξ | NOUN | N-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἔδωκε | obj | high | Object of ἔδωκε. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἔδωκε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 27 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D | _ | 32 ἔδοξεν | advmod | high | Modifies ἔδοξεν. |
| 28 | τε | τε | PART | C | _ | 27 οὕτω | cc | medium | Correlative connective with οὕτω. |
| 29 | διασπασθῆναι | διασπάω | VERB | V-AON- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 32 ἔδοξεν | csubj | high | Infinitival subject/content clause of ἔδοξεν. |
| 30 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 λύκους | det | high | Article with λύκους. |
| 31 | λύκους | λύκος | NOUN | N-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 διασπασθῆναι | obj | high | Logical object of the passive infinitive. |
| 32 | ἔδοξεν | δοκέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of the final clause. |
| 33 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 35 λέοντος | case | high | Agentive preposition governing τοῦ λέοντος. |
| 34 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 λέοντος | det | high | Article with λέοντος. |
| 35 | λέοντος | λέων | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 διασπασθῆναι | obl:agent | high | Agent phrase with passive infinitive. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἔδοξεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |