Grammar parses for passage 4.19.5
Open translation for this passage
ἑσπέρα γὰρ ἐπῄει.
Simple clause: ἑσπέρα is an impersonal temporal subject with ἐπῄει (‘evening was coming’); γάρ is a postpositive explanatory conjunction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑσπέρα | ἑσπέρα | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπῄει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 ἐπῄει | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | ἐπῄει | ἔπειμι | VERB | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπῄει | punct | high |
δύο μὲν οὖν ἐς Σπάρτην ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἐλθόντες Λακεδαιμονίοις Ἀριστομένην εὐηγγελίζοντο ἡλωκέναι·
The participle ἐλθόντες is a circumstantial nominative masculine plural participle with omitted subject, while εὐηγγελίζοντο governs the dative recipient Λακεδαιμονίοις and an accusative-plus-infinitive report: Ἀριστομένην ἡλωκέναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δύο | δύο | NUM | ADJ-NUI | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐλθόντες | obl | medium | Accusative plural numeral functioning substantivally; likely modifies an understood group of men. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 3 οὖν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | PART | _ | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | discourse | high | Inferential particle; spacing in deprel normalized as discourse. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Σπάρτην | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 5 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐλθόντες | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 6 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 αὐτῶν | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 7 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 8 ἐλθόντες | obl | high | Source phrase, referring to the preceding group. |
| 8 | ἐλθόντες | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle; subject is understood and controls the finite verb. |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | iobj | high | Dative recipient/addressee of the good-news report. |
| 10 | Ἀριστομένην | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἡλωκέναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival report. |
| 11 | εὐηγγελίζοντο | εὐαγγελίζομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite reporting verb, deponent in form and meaning. |
| 12 | ἡλωκέναι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-RAI | Mood=Ind|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | ccomp | high | Perfect active infinitive in accusative-plus-infinitive construction; lexical form is suppletive/irregular. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 εὐηγγελίζοντο | punct | high |
οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ ἀποχωροῦσιν ἐς ἀγρὸν τῶν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ.
The article-adjective phrase οἱ λοιποί is the subject; ἐς ἀγρόν is a directional prepositional complement, while τῶν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ is a genitive modifier of ἀγρόν, likely referring to the fields/territory of those in Messenia. The genitive attachment is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 2 λοιποὶ | det | high | |
| 2 | λοιποὶ | λοιπός | ADJ | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the remaining men’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἀποχωροῦσιν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἀγρὸν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 6 | ἀγρὸν | ἀγρός | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | obl | high | Directional accusative with ἐς. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | Article within a genitive phrase modifying ἀγρόν. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Μεσσηνίᾳ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | |
| 10 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | NeDsf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγρὸν | nmod | medium | ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ forms a locative phrase inside the genitive modifier τῶν ...; attachment of the genitive is context-sensitive. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα ᾤκει κόρη σὺν μητρὶ παρθένος, πατρὸς ὀρφανή.
ᾤκει is imperfect of οἰκέω with subject κόρη; παρθένος and ὀρφανή are predicative nominative descriptions, while πατρὸς is a genitive of separation/privation with ὀρφανή.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D | PronType=Dem | 2 ᾤκει | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ᾤκει | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | κόρη | κόρη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ᾤκει | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R | _ | 5 μητρὶ | case | high | |
| 5 | μητρὶ | μήτηρ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ᾤκει | obl | high | |
| 6 | παρθένος | παρθένος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ᾤκει | xcomp | high | Predicative nominative, coordinated in sense with the subject. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ᾤκει | punct | high | |
| 8 | πατρὸς | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὀρφανή | nmod | high | Genitive of privation/separation with ὀρφανή. |
| 9 | ὀρφανή | ὀρφανός | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 παρθένος | conj | high | Predicative nominative adjective, coordinated with παρθένος. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ᾤκει | punct | high |
τῇ δὲ προτέρᾳ νυκτὶ εἶδεν ὄψιν ἡ παῖς·
The dative phrase τῇ προτέρᾳ νυκτί is a temporal dative modifying εἶδεν; ὄψιν is the accusative object and ἡ παῖς the nominative subject, postposed after the verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RAFS3D | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 προτέρᾳ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 εἶδεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | προτέρᾳ | πρότερος | ADJ | A-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 νυκτὶ | amod | high | |
| 4 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶδεν | obl:tmod | high | |
| 5 | εἶδεν | ὁράω | VERB | V-3AAI-S- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὄψιν | ὄψις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶδεν | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RAFSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 παῖς | det | high | |
| 8 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶδεν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἶδεν | punct | high |
λέοντα ἐς τὸν ἀγρὸν λύκοι σφίσιν ἤγαγον δεδεμένον καὶ οὐκ ἔχοντα ὄνυχας, αὐτὴ δὲ τοῦ δεσμοῦ τὸν λέοντα ἀπέλυσε καὶ ἀνευροῦσα ἔδωκε τοὺς ὄνυχας, οὕτω τε διασπασθῆναι τοὺς λύκους ἔδοξεν ὑπὸ τοῦ λέοντος.
The sentence has three coordinated clauses: wolves brought the lion bound and clawless; she released and restored its claws; thus she thought the wolves would be torn apart by the lion. In ἔδοξεν, the infinitive διασπασθῆναι is a complementary/resultative infinitive with τοὺς λύκους as its accusative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέοντα | λέων | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἤγαγον | obj | high | |
| 2 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 4 ἀγρὸν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀγρὸν | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀγρὸν | ἀγρός | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἤγαγον | obl | high | Goal/destination accusative with ἐς. |
| 5 | λύκοι | λύκος | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἤγαγον | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | σφίσιν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 7 ἤγαγον | iobj | medium | Reflexive dative, likely ‘to/for themselves’; form can also represent σφεῖς in the dative. |
| 7 | ἤγαγον | ἄγω | VERB | v2a-aor-act-ind-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 ἀπέλυσε | conj | high | First coordinated finite verb. |
| 8 | δεδεμένον | δέω | VERB | v1r-pcp-am-sna | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 ἤγαγον | advcl | high | Predicative participle agreeing with λέοντα. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c | _ | 11 ἔχοντα | cc | high | |
| 10 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | d | Polarity=Neg | 11 ἔχοντα | advmod | high | Negative particle. |
| 11 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | v1sp-pcp-am-sna | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἤγαγον | advcl | high | Coordinated with δεδεμένον and agreeing with λέοντα. |
| 12 | ὄνυχας | ὄνυξ | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔχοντα | obj | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἤγαγον | punct | high | |
| 14 | αὐτὴ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 20 ἀπέλυσε | nsubj | high | Intensive/personal pronoun, feminine subject. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c | _ | 20 ἀπέλυσε | cc | high | |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 δεσμοῦ | det | high | |
| 17 | δεσμοῦ | δεσμός | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀπέλυσε | obl | high | Genitive with ἀπολύω, ‘release from the bond’. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 λέοντα | det | high | |
| 19 | λέοντα | λέων | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀπέλυσε | obj | high | |
| 20 | ἀπέλυσε | ἀπολύω | VERB | v1aor-act-ind-3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 32 ἔδοξεν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c | _ | 23 ἔδωκε | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἀνευροῦσα | ἀνευρίσκω | VERB | v1aor-pcp-af-snf | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἔδωκε | advcl | high | Agrees with αὐτή; coordinated semantically with the following action. |
| 23 | ἔδωκε | δίδωμι | VERB | v3aor-act-ind-3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 32 ἔδοξεν | conj | high | Third coordinated finite verb. |
| 24 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ὄνυχας | det | high | |
| 25 | ὄνυχας | ὄνυξ | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἔδωκε | obj | high | Object of ἔδωκε, ‘gave back the claws’. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἔδωκε | punct | high | |
| 27 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | d | _ | 32 ἔδοξεν | advmod | high | Consecutive/resultative adverb, ‘thus’. |
| 28 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c | _ | 29 διασπασθῆναι | cc | medium | Postpositive connective, linking the result construction. |
| 29 | διασπασθῆναι | διασπάω | VERB | v1aor-pas-inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 32 ἔδοξεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive; passive ‘be torn apart’. |
| 30 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 λύκους | det | high | |
| 31 | λύκους | λύκος | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 διασπασθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 32 | ἔδοξεν | δοκέω | VERB | v1aor-act-ind-3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite matrix predicate, ‘she thought/seemed to her’. |
| 33 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 35 λέοντος | case | high | |
| 34 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 λέοντος | det | high | |
| 35 | λέοντος | λέων | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 διασπασθῆναι | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive infinitive with ὑπό. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἔδοξεν | punct | high |