Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.2.3

← 4.2.2 4.2.4 →

Passage 4.2.3

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

89Greek tokens

1,959input tokens

6,010output tokens

Sentence 1

4.2.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 55
Input: 1,087
Output: 3,646
Total: 4,733

Θεσσαλοὶ δὲ καὶ Εὐβοεῖς, ἥκει γὰρ δὴ ἐς ἀμφισβήτησιν τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι τὰ πλείω, λέγουσιν οἱ μὲν ὡς τὸ Εὐρύτιον---χωρίον δὲ ἔρημον ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐστι τὸ Εὐρύτιον---πόλις τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἦν καὶ ἐκαλεῖτο Οἰχαλία, τῷ δὲ Εὐβοέων λόγῳ Κρεώφυλος ἐν Ἡρακλείᾳ πεποίηκεν ὁμολογοῦντα·

The sentence has an interrupted explanatory parenthesis and a difficult final construction: τῷ Εὐβοέων λόγῳ is a dative phrase meaning ‘according to the Euboean account’, while πεποίηκεν governs ὁμολογοῦντα, with Κρεώφυλος as subject; the exact reference of ὁμολογοῦντα is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Θεσσαλοὶ	Θεσσαλός	PROPN	NPMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 Εὐβοεῖς	conj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	18 λέγουσιν	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	4 Εὐβοεῖς	cc	high
4	Εὐβοεῖς	Εὐβοεύς	PROPN	NPMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 λέγουσιν	nsubj	high
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 Εὐβοεῖς	punct	high
6	ἥκει	ἥκω	VERB	V3SPIA	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	18 λέγουσιν	parataxis	medium	Impersonal or parenthetical remark; subject is elided/contextual.
7	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	_	_	6 ἥκει	cc	high
8	δὴ	δή	PART	_	_	6 ἥκει	discourse	high
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	10 ἀμφισβήτησιν	case	high	Epic/poetic form of εἰς.
10	ἀμφισβήτησιν	ἀμφισβήτησις	NOUN	NAFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἥκει	obl	high
11	τῶν	ὁ	DET	DGP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 πλείω	det	high
12	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	14 Ἑλλάδι	case	high
13	τῇ	ὁ	DET	DGSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 Ἑλλάδι	det	high
14	Ἑλλάδι	Ἑλλάς	PROPN	NDSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 πλείω	nmod	high
15	τὰ	ὁ	DET	DPN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 πλείω	det	high
16	πλείω	πολύς	ADJ	APNNC	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 ἀμφισβήτησιν	nmod	medium	Substantivized comparative, ‘the greater part/most’; τὰ is its article.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἥκει	punct	high
18	λέγουσιν	λέγω	VERB	V3PPIA	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
19	οἱ	ὁ	DET	DPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 μὲν	det	high	Article substantivizing μὲν phrase.
20	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	18 λέγουσιν	discourse	high	Correlative contrast continued by δὲ at token 47.
21	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	38 πόλις	mark	high	Introduces reported content.
22	τὸ	ὁ	DET	DASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 Εὐρύτιον	det	high
23	Εὐρύτιον	Εὐρύτιον	PROPN	NASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 πόλις	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of reported copular clause.
24	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 Εὐρύτιον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
25	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 Εὐρύτιον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 Εὐρύτιον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
27	χωρίον	χωρίον	NOUN	NNSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	32 ἐστι	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστι in the parenthetical explanatory clause.
28	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	32 ἐστι	cc	high
29	ἔρημον	ἔρημος	ADJ	NNSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	32 ἐστι	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective.
30	ἐφʼ	ἐπί	ADP	_	_	31 ἡμῶν	case	high	Elided form of ἐπί.
31	ἡμῶν	ἐγώ	PRON	RP1GP	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Person=1	32 ἐστι	obl	high	Temporal/locative ‘in our time/knowledge’.
32	ἐστι	εἰμί	AUX	V3SPхIA	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	23 Εὐρύτιον	parataxis	high
33	τὸ	ὁ	DET	DNSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	34 Εὐρύτιον	det	high
34	Εὐρύτιον	Εὐρύτιον	PROPN	NNSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 πόλις	nsubj	high	Repeated nominative subject of the reported copular clause.
35	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	34 Εὐρύτιον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
36	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	34 Εὐρύτιον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
37	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	34 Εὐρύτιον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
38	πόλις	πόλις	NOUN	NNSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 λέγουσιν	ccomp	high	Predicate nominative coordinated with ἦν/ἐκαλεῖτο in reported content.
39	τὸ	ὁ	DET	DASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	40 ἀρχαῖον	det	high
40	ἀρχαῖον	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	AASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 πόλις	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative, ‘in ancient times’.
41	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V3SIIA	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	38 πόλις	cop	high
42	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	43 ἐκαλεῖτο	cc	high
43	ἐκαλεῖτο	καλέω	VERB	V3SIIΜ	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Mid	38 πόλις	conj	high	Middle/passive form, ‘was called’.
44	Οἰχαλία	Οἰχαλία	PROPN	NASF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	43 ἐκαλεῖτο	xcomp	high	Predicate/name complement of ἐκαλεῖτο.
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	38 πόλις	punct	high
46	τῷ	ὁ	DET	DDSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	49 λόγῳ	det	high
47	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	49 λόγῳ	cc	high	Correlative with μὲν at token 20.
48	Εὐβοέων	Εὐβοεύς	PROPN	GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	49 λόγῳ	nmod	high
49	λόγῳ	λόγος	NOUN	NDSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	53 πεποίηκεν	obl	high	Dative of source/standard, ‘according to the account’.
50	Κρεώφυλος	Κρεώφυλος	PROPN	NNSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	53 πεποίηκεν	nsubj	high
51	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	52 Ἡρακλείᾳ	case	high
52	Ἡρακλείᾳ	Ἡράκλεια	PROPN	NDSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	53 πεποίηκεν	obl	high	Locative adjunct.
53	πεποίηκεν	ποιέω	VERB	V3SRIA	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	18 λέγουσιν	conj	medium	Coordinates with λέγουσιν; subject Κρεώφυλος.
54	ὁμολογοῦντα	ὁμολογέω	VERB	VPPASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	53 πεποίηκεν	obj	low	Accusative present participle; likely object/complement of πεποίηκεν, but construction and implicit referent are uncertain.
55	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	18 λέγουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 3

4.2.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 34
Input: 872
Output: 2,364
Total: 3,236

ἀλλὰ γὰρ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τά τε ἄλλα δοκοῦσί μοι μᾶλλον εἰκότα ἐκείνων λέγειν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τῶν ὀστῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Εὐρύτου, ἃ δὴ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔπειτά που ὁ λόγος ἐπέξεισί μοι.

Main predicate δοκοῦσι governs the coordinated infinitives λέγειν and (understood) εἰκότα; ἐκείνων is a genitive comparison dependent on μᾶλλον. The relative clause ἃ ... ἐπέξεισί μοι resumes τῶν ὀστῶν, with ἃ as the subject of ἐπέξεισι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 δοκοῦσί	cc	high
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	PART	_	8 δοκοῦσί	discourse	high
3	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 Μεσσήνιοι	det	high
4	Μεσσήνιοι	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 δοκοῦσί	nsubj	high
5	τά	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ἄλλα	det	high
6	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 ἄλλα	cc	high
7	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 λέγειν	obj	medium	Substantivized plural neuter, ‘other matters’; coordinated with an understood parallel object.
8	δοκοῦσί	δοκέω	VERB	V-PIA-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
9	μοι	ἐγώ	PRON	P-DSM	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	8 δοκοῦσί	iobj	high
10	μᾶλλον	μᾶλλον	ADV	D-	Degree=Cmp	8 δοκοῦσί	advmod	high
11	εἰκότα	εἰκός	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 λέγειν	obj	medium	Substantivized neuter plural, coordinated semantically with τά ... ἄλλα; also compatible with an elliptical λέγειν complement.
12	ἐκείνων	ἐκεῖνος	PRON	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 μᾶλλον	obl	high	Genitive of comparison.
13	λέγειν	λέγω	VERB	V-PNA	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	8 δοκοῦσί	xcomp	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 ἥκιστα	cc	high
15	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	PRT-N	Polarity=Neg	16 ἥκιστα	advmod	high
16	ἥκιστα	ἥκιστα	ADV	D-SUP	Degree=Sup	8 δοκοῦσί	advmod	high	Adverbial superlative, ‘not least’.
17	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	18 ὀστῶν	det	high
18	ὀστῶν	ὀστέον	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 ἕνεκα	nmod	high
19	ἕνεκα	ἕνεκα	ADP	PREP	_	8 δοκοῦσί	obl	high	Postposition governing the genitive phrase τῶν ὀστῶν.
20	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 Εὐρύτου	det	high
21	Εὐρύτου	Εὔρυτος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ὀστῶν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ὀστῶν: ‘the bones of Eurytus’; form is morphologically genitive singular or plural, here singular by context.
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 δοκοῦσί	punct	high
23	ἃ	ὅς	PRON	P-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	32 ἐπέξεισί	obj	medium	Relative pronoun likely resumes τὰ ὀστᾶ; accusative plural neuter is syntactically possible with an implicit object of ἐπέξεισι, while some analyses may take the relative as anacoluthic.
24	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	32 ἐπέξεισί	discourse	high
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	32 ἐπέξεισί	advmod	medium	Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’.
26	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	28 ἔπειτά	case	high
27	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	28 ἔπειτά	det	high
28	ἔπειτά	ἔπειτα	ADV	D-	_	32 ἐπέξεισί	obl	medium	Adverbial noun-like expression after ἐν, ‘in what follows’; tokenization preserves the article separately.
29	που	που	PART	PART	_	32 ἐπέξεισί	discourse	medium	Enclitic indefinite/adverbial particle, ‘somewhere/somehow’.
30	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 λόγος	det	high
31	λόγος	λόγος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 ἐπέξεισί	nsubj	high
32	ἐπέξεισί	ἐπέξειμι	VERB	V-PIA-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	8 δοκοῦσί	parataxis	medium	Present form of ἐπέξειμι, ‘will/proceed to discuss’; clause is parenthetical or loosely coordinated with the main assertion.
33	μοι	ἐγώ	PRON	P-DSM	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	32 ἐπέξεισί	iobj	high
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 δοκοῦσί	punct	high

← 4.2.2 4.2.4 →