Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.2.7

← 4.2.6 4.3.1 →

Passage 4.2.7

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3sentences parsed

79Greek tokens

2,512input tokens

6,110output tokens

Sentence 2

4.2.7 sentence 2

Tokens: 19
Input: 745
Output: 1,435
Total: 2,180

Λυγκέως μὲν δὴ παῖδα οὐκ ἴσμεν γενόμενον, Ἴδα δὲ Κλεοπάτραν θυγατέρα ἐκ Μαρπήσσης, ἣ Μελεάγρῳ συνῴκησεν.

A coordinated contrast: Λυγκέως is a genitive possessor with παῖδα, while Ἴδα (likely an abbreviated/elliptical subject or topic) introduces the known daughter Κλεοπάτραν; γενόμενον is a supplementary participle with ἴσμεν. The relative clause has ἣ as subject of συνῴκησεν and Μελεάγρῳ as dative partner.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λυγκέως	Λυγκεύς	PROPN	N--GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 παῖδα	nmod:poss	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	6 ἴσμεν	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with δέ.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	G--------	_	6 ἴσμεν	discourse	high
4	παῖδα	παῖς	NOUN	N--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἴσμεν	obj	high	Accusative object of ἴσμεν.
5	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	G--------	Polarity=Neg	6 ἴσμεν	advmod	high
6	ἴσμεν	οἶδα	VERB	V-PIA-1P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect-form verb with present meaning.
7	γενόμενον	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-APA-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	6 ἴσμεν	xcomp	medium	Supplementary accusative participle; masculine form is syntactically difficult with feminine παῖδα, perhaps referring to an understood male descendant or reflecting textual/grammatical irregularity.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἴσμεν	punct	high
9	Ἴδα	Ἴδας	PROPN	N--NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 συνῴκησεν	nsubj	low	Proper name is morphologically ambiguous in this context; likely elliptical/topic subject for the second coordinated clause.
10	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G--------	_	18 συνῴκησεν	cc	high	Correlative counterpart to μέν.
11	Κλεοπάτραν	Κλεοπάτρα	PROPN	N--ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 συνῴκησεν	obj	high	Accusative object of understood/elliptical οἴδαμεν or ἴσμεν.
12	θυγατέρα	θυγάτηρ	NOUN	N--ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 Κλεοπάτραν	appos	high	Apposition to Κλεοπάτραν.
13	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	12 θυγατέρα	nmod	high
14	Μαρπήσσης	Μαρπήσσα	PROPN	N--G-F	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἐκ	obl	high
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 συνῴκησεν	punct	high
16	ἣ	ὅς	PRON	P-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	18 συνῴκησεν	nsubj	high	Relative subject, antecedent Κλεοπάτραν/θυγατέρα.
17	Μελεάγρῳ	Μελέαγρος	PROPN	N--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 συνῴκησεν	obl	high	Dative of partner with συνοικέω.
18	συνῴκησεν	συνοικέω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	6 ἴσμεν	parataxis	high
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἴσμεν	punct	high

Sentence 3

4.2.7 sentence 3

Tokens: 38
Input: 952
Output: 2,848
Total: 3,800

ὁ δὲ τὰ ἔπη ποιήσας τὰ Κύπρια Πρωτεσιλάου φησίν, ὃς ὅτε κατὰ τὴν Τρῳάδα ἔσχον Ἕλληνες ἀποβῆναι πρῶτος ἐτόλμησε, Πρωτεσιλάου τούτου τὴν γυναῖκα Πολυδώραν μὲν τὸ ὄνομα, θυγατέρα δὲ Μελεάγρου φησὶν εἶναι τοῦ Οἰνέως.

The sentence has a relative clause modifying the substantivized article ποιήσας, with φησίν governing an accusative-and-infinitive construction; ἔσχον is interpreted as third-plural aorist indicative with Ἕλληνες as subject, while the second φησίν coordinates two predicates about Πολυδώραν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 ποιήσας	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	9 φησίν	cc	high
3	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	4 ἔπη	det	high
4	ἔπη	ἔπος	NOUN	N-----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ποιήσας	obj	high
5	ποιήσας	ποιέω	VERB	V-AAP-NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	9 φησίν	nsubj	high	Substantivized participle: 'the maker/author'.
6	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 Κύπρια	det	high
7	Κύπρια	Κύπρια	PROPN	Ne----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ποιήσας	obj	medium	Title of the poem, appositional/object-like with ἔπη.
8	Πρωτεσιλάου	Πρωτεσίλαος	PROPN	Ne----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 Κύπρια	nmod	medium	Genitive author attribution: 'the Cypria of Protesilaus'.
9	φησίν	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 φησίν	punct	high
11	ὃς	ὅς	PRON	P----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	20 ἐτόλμησε	nsubj	medium	Relative pronoun likely resumes the author/ποιήσας.
12	ὅτε	ὅτε	SCONJ	C--------	PronType=Rel	16 ἔσχον	mark	high
13	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	_	15 Τρῳάδα	case	high
14	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 Τρῳάδα	det	high
15	Τρῳάδα	Τρῳάς	PROPN	Ne----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἔσχον	obl	high
16	ἔσχον	ἔχω	VERB	V-AAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	20 ἐτόλμησε	advcl	medium	Likely 'when the Greeks reached Troy'; exact lexical sense depends on context.
17	Ἕλληνες	Ἕλλην	PROPN	Ne----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ἔσχον	nsubj	high
18	ἀποβῆναι	ἀποβαίνω	VERB	V-2AN----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	20 ἐτόλμησε	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive with ἐτόλμησε.
19	πρῶτος	πρῶτος	ADJ	A-S---NSM-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἀποβῆναι	advmod	medium	Predicative/adverbial adjective; semantically 'first'.
20	ἐτόλμησε	τολμάω	VERB	V-AAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	11 ὃς	acl:relcl	high
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 ἐτόλμησε	punct	high
22	Πρωτεσιλάου	Πρωτεσίλαος	PROPN	Ne----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 τούτου	nmod	high
23	τούτου	οὗτος	DET	Pd----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	25 γυναῖκα	nmod	high	Demonstrative dependent on γυναῖκα: 'of this Protesilaus'.
24	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	25 γυναῖκα	det	high
25	γυναῖκα	γυνή	NOUN	N-----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 φησὶν	obj	high	Accusative subject/object of the second φησίν construction.
26	Πολυδώραν	Πολυδώρα	PROPN	Ne----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 γυναῖκα	appos	high	Appositional name identifying γυναῖκα.
27	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	34 φησὶν	discourse	high
28	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	29 ὄνομα	det	high
29	ὄνομα	ὄνομα	NOUN	N-----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	34 φησὶν	xcomp	medium	Predicate nominal in the μὲν phrase; accusative naming construction is possible analytically.
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	34 φησὶν	punct	high
31	θυγατέρα	θυγάτηρ	NOUN	N-----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 φησὶν	xcomp	high	Second predicate accusative coordinated with the naming predicate.
32	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	31 θυγατέρα	cc	high
33	Μελεάγρου	Μελέαγρος	PROPN	Ne----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 θυγατέρα	nmod	high
34	φησὶν	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	9 φησίν	conj	high	Second coordinated φησίν; governs the accusative-and-infinitive phrase.
35	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	34 φησὶν	xcomp	high
36	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	37 Οἰνέως	det	high
37	Οἰνέως	Οἰνεύς	PROPN	Ne----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	33 Μελεάγρου	nmod	medium	Likely appositional specification of Meleager: 'Meleager, son of Oeneus'; attachment to Μελεάγρου is analytically plausible.
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 φησίν	punct	high

Sentence 4

4.2.7 sentence 4

Tokens: 22
Input: 815
Output: 1,827
Total: 2,642

εἰ τοίνυν ἐστὶν ἀληθές, αἱ γυναῖκες αὗται τρεῖς οὖσαι τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀπὸ Μαρπήσσης ἀρξάμεναι προαποθανοῦσι πᾶσαι τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἑαυτὰς ἐπικατέσφαξαν.

Conditional protasis εἰ ... ἀληθές; main clause has nominative subject αἱ γυναῖκες αὗται, with participles οὖσαι and ἀρξάμεναι, and reflexive object ἑαυτάς of ἐπικατέσφαξαν. προαποθανοῦσι is future active, semantically coordinated with the main predication; construction is somewhat compressed, so attachment is marked with moderate confidence.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	PronType=Int	3 ἐστὶν	mark	high
2	τοίνυν	τοίνυν	PART	PART	_	3 ἐστὶν	discourse	high
3	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular verb with predicative ἀληθές.
4	ἀληθές	ἀληθής	ADJ	A-NNS	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ἐστὶν	xcomp	high	Neuter singular predicate adjective; antecedent is the understood proposition.
5	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	3 ἐστὶν	punct	high
6	αἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 γυναῖκες	det	high
7	γυναῖκες	γυνή	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	21 ἐπικατέσφαξαν	nsubj	high
8	αὗται	οὗτος	DET	D-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	7 γυναῖκες	det	high	Predicative/appositional demonstrative; tagged DET.
9	τρεῖς	τρεῖς	NUM	M-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|NumType=Card\|Number=Plur	10 οὖσαι	nsubj	medium	Subject of οὖσαι in an agreeing supplementary participial phrase.
10	οὖσαι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAP-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	7 γυναῖκες	advcl	high	Supplementary participle, with τρεῖς as its quantified subject and τὸν ἀριθμόν as measure complement.
11	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 ἀριθμὸν	det	high
12	ἀριθμὸν	ἀριθμός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 οὖσαι	obl	high	Accusative of respect/measure: three in number.
13	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	_	14 Μαρπήσσης	case	high
14	Μαρπήσσης	Μάρπησσα	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ἀρξάμεναι	obl	high	Genitive governed by ἀπό.
15	ἀρξάμεναι	ἄρχω	VERB	V-AMP-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	21 ἐπικατέσφαξαν	advcl	high	Participial adjunct: beginning with Marpessa.
16	προαποθανοῦσι	προαποθνῄσκω	VERB	V-FAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Act	21 ἐπικατέσφαξαν	conj	medium	Future verb coordinated with the main finite verb; exact discourse relation is compressed.
17	πᾶσαι	πᾶς	ADJ	A-NPF	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	21 ἐπικατέσφαξαν	advmod	medium	Nominative feminine plural, emphasizing the whole subject; could be treated appositionally to αἱ γυναῖκες.
18	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	19 ἀνδράσιν	det	high
19	ἀνδράσιν	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ἐπικατέσφαξαν	obl	high	Dative complement/target with ἐπικατασφάζω.
20	ἑαυτὰς	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	F-3FP-ACC	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	21 ἐπικατέσφαξαν	obj	high	Reflexive direct object.
21	ἐπικατέσφαξαν	ἐπικατασφάζω	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	3 ἐστὶν	parataxis	medium	Main narrative predicate after the conditional protasis; relation to ἐστίν is structurally paratactic/compressed.
22	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	21 ἐπικατέσφαξαν	punct	high

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