Grammar parses for passage 4.20.1
Open translation for this passage
ἑνδεκάτῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς πολιορκίας τήν τε Εἶραν ἐπέπρωτο ἁλῶναι καὶ ἀναστάτους γενέσθαι Μεσσηνίους,
Impersonal ἐπέπρωτο governs coordinated accusative-and-infinitive clauses: Εἶραν ἁλῶναι and Μεσσηνίους ἀναστάτους γενέσθαι; the second infinitive has a predicative accusative adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑνδεκάτῳ | ἑνδέκατος | ADJ | A- --DSN- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔτει | amod | high | Ordinal modifying ἔτει. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐπέπρωτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-----DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπέπρωτο | obl | high | Dative temporal adjunct: in the eleventh year. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S--------- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πολιορκίας | det | high | Article with πολιορκίας. |
| 5 | πολιορκίας | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἔτει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἔτει. |
| 6 | τήν | ὁ | DET | S--------- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Εἶραν | det | high | Article with Εἶραν. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Εἶραν | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 8 | Εἶραν | Εἶρα | PROPN | N-----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἁλῶναι | nsubj:pass | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive ἁλῶναι. |
| 9 | ἐπέπρωτο | ἐπιπρόω | VERB | V3SII---M- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal pluperfect passive, governing coordinated infinitives; lexical analysis of the compound is somewhat uncertain. |
| 10 | ἁλῶναι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V--AN---M- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 9 ἐπέπρωτο | xcomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive, coordinated with γενέσθαι. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 γενέσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitives. |
| 12 | ἀναστάτους | ἀνάστατος | ADJ | A-----APM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative adjective with γενέσθαι. |
| 13 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMN--M- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐπέπρωτο | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive coordinated with ἁλῶναι. |
| 14 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐπέπρωτο | punct | high |
καὶ δή σφισιν ἐπετέλεσεν ὁ θεὸς Ἀριστομένει καὶ Θεόκλῳ χρησθέν τι.
The finite verb ἐπετέλεσεν is the root; θεός is its nominative subject. Ἀριστομένει and Θεόκλῳ are coordinated dative recipients/beneficiaries, while χρησθέν τι is an accusative neuter object phrase, probably ‘something foretold/oracularly prescribed’; the exact construction of χρησθέν is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 ἐπετέλεσεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | δή | δή | PART | Adv | _ | 4 ἐπετέλεσεν | discourse | high | Emphatic/discourse particle. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3pd | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐπετέλεσεν | iobj | medium | Dative plural pronoun, likely beneficiary/recipient; may be resumptive with the named datives. |
| 4 | ἐπετέλεσεν | ἐπιτελέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | R-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 θεὸς | det | high | |
| 6 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπετέλεσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | Ἀριστομένει | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | Ne-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπετέλεσεν | iobj | medium | Proper name in dative; coordinated with Θεόκλῳ. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 Θεόκλῳ | cc | high | |
| 9 | Θεόκλῳ | Θεόκλης | PROPN | Ne-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀριστομένει | conj | medium | Proper name in dative; coordinated with Ἀριστομένει. |
| 10 | χρησθέν | χράω | VERB | V-APP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 ἐπετέλεσεν | obj | low | Neuter accusative participle, likely substantivized or part of an elliptical object phrase; morphology and exact sense are uncertain. |
| 11 | τι | τις | PRON | Px-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 10 χρησθέν | det | high | Indefinite pronoun modifying substantivized χρησθέν. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπετέλεσεν | punct | high |
τούτοις γὰρ ἐλθοῦσιν ἐς Δελφοὺς μετὰ τὴν ἐπὶ τῇ τάφρῳ πληγὴν καὶ ἐπερομένοις ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας τοσόνδε εἶπεν ἡ Πυθία·
The dative τούτοις governs the coordinated circumstantial participles ἐλθοῦσιν and ἐπερομένοις; ἐπερομένοις is middle, with ὑπέρ σωτηρίας indicating the subject of inquiry. The finite verb εἶπεν has ἡ Πυθία as subject and τοσόνδε as its object, introducing the ensuing oracle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 ἐλθοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative demonstrative, coreferential with the men; shared semantic subject of the participles. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | CONJ | _ | 17 εἶπεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἐλθοῦσιν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | VAAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 εἶπεν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, dative masculine plural, coordinated with ἐπερομένοις. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 5 Δελφοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative Δελφούς. |
| 5 | Δελφοὺς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-AP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 3 ἐλθοῦσιν | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐς. |
| 6 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P | _ | 11 πληγὴν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative phrase τὴν ... πληγήν. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RAFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 πληγὴν | det | high | Article modifying πληγήν. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 10 τάφρῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative τῇ τάφρῳ. |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RADF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 τάφρῳ | det | high | Article modifying τάφρῳ. |
| 10 | τάφρῳ | τάφρος | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πληγὴν | nmod | high | Dative complement of ἐπί within the modifier of πληγήν. |
| 11 | πληγὴν | πληγή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐλθοῦσιν | obl | high | Accusative temporal noun phrase governed by μετά. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐπερομένοις | cc | high | Coordinates the participles ἐλθοῦσιν and ἐπερομένοις. |
| 13 | ἐπερομένοις | ἐπερωτάω | VERB | VPMP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 εἶπεν | advcl | high | Present middle participle, coordinated with ἐλθοῦσιν; subject is supplied by τούτοις. |
| 14 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | P | _ | 15 σωτηρίας | case | high | Preposition governing σωτηρίας. |
| 15 | σωτηρίας | σωτηρία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπερομένοις | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπέρ, expressing the matter of inquiry. |
| 16 | τοσόνδε | τοσόσδε | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 εἶπεν | obj | high | Substantival neuter accusative, 'this much,' object of εἶπεν and oracle-introducing formula. |
| 17 | εἶπεν | λέγω | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite aorist verb of saying. |
| 18 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Πυθία | det | high | Article modifying Πυθία. |
| 19 | Πυθία | Πυθία | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 17 εἶπεν | nsubj | high | Named subject of εἶπεν. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 εἶπεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
εὖτε τράγος πίνῃσι Νέδης ἑλικόρροον ὕδωρ, οὐκέτι Μεσσήνην ῥύομαι· σχεδόθεν γὰρ ὄλεθρος.
Conditional εὖτε-clause: τράγος is the nominative subject of πίνῃσι, with Νέδης as a genitive dependent of ὕδωρ; the apodosis has ῥύομαι with Μεσσήνην as object. The final nominal clause means ‘destruction is near/imminent,’ with σχεδόθεν functioning predicatively/adverbially.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εὖτε | εὖτε | SCONJ | Adv | PronType=Rel | 3 πίνῃσι | mark | medium | Archaic temporal/conditional subordinator, introducing the protasis. |
| 2 | τράγος | τράγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 πίνῃσι | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | πίνῃσι | πίνω | VERB | V3SPAAI | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ῥύομαι | advcl | medium | Epic/poetic third-singular present subjunctive in -ῃσι; protasis verb. |
| 4 | Νέδης | Νέδη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Genitive of the river Nedē, dependent on ὕδωρ. |
| 5 | ἑλικόρροον | ἑλικόρροος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὕδωρ | amod | high | |
| 6 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 πίνῃσι | obj | high | Accusative object of πίνῃσι. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 πίνῃσι | punct | high | |
| 8 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | D | Polarity=Neg | 10 ῥύομαι | advmod | high | |
| 9 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ῥύομαι | obj | high | Object of ῥύομαι; form is accusative despite middle voice. |
| 10 | ῥύομαι | ῥύομαι | VERB | V1SPMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present middle indicative, ‘I protect/save’; apodosis main verb. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ῥύομαι | punct | high | |
| 12 | σχεδόθεν | σχεδόθεν | ADV | D | _ | 14 ὄλεθρος | advmod | medium | Adverb ‘nearby/near at hand’; construed predicatively with ὄλεθρος in the verbless clause. |
| 13 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X | _ | 14 ὄλεθρος | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 14 | ὄλεθρος | ὄλεθρος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ῥύομαι | parataxis | medium | Nominal/verbless explanatory clause: ‘for destruction is near.’ |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ῥύομαι | punct | high |