Grammar parses for passage 4.20.10
Open translation for this passage
ἐπηκροᾶτο δὲ λέγοντος ὁ βουκόλος, καὶ ὡς ἀκριβῶς ἐπύθετο ἕκαστα, αὖθις ἐκ τῶν Μεσσηνίων ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἀφίκετο αὐτόμολος.
The sentence contains a genitive absolute with λέγοντος and a coordinated second clause headed by ἀφίκετο; αὐτόμολος is syntactically somewhat open between adverbial and predicative use.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπηκροᾶτο | ἐπηκροάομαι | VERB | V3SIUI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ἐπηκροᾶτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | λέγοντος | λέγω | VERB | V-PAP-AGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἐπηκροᾶτο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 βουκόλος | det | high | Article with βουκόλος. |
| 5 | βουκόλος | βουκόλος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπηκροᾶτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπηκροᾶτο. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπηκροᾶτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause to the first. |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 10 ἐπύθετο | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing the temporal clause. |
| 9 | ἀκριβῶς | ἀκριβῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ἐπύθετο | advmod | high | Modifies ἐπύθετο. |
| 10 | ἐπύθετο | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V3SIUI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 20 ἀφίκετο | advcl | high | Finite verb in subordinate temporal clause. |
| 11 | ἕκαστα | ἕκαστος | PRON | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 10 ἐπύθετο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπύθετο. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπύθετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 ἀφίκετο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀφίκετο. |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA--GPN- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίων. |
| 16 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Source/complement of ἐκ. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 18 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA--APM- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Λακεδαιμονίους | det | high | Article with Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Goal/destination phrase with ἐς. |
| 20 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V3SIUI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 21 | αὐτόμολος | αὐτόμολος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 ἀφίκετο | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial/adjectival use meaning 'as a deserter'; could be predicative. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ οἱ μὲν βασιλεῖς ἀπὸ στρατοπέδου τηνικαῦτα ἀπῆσαν, πολεμαρχῶν δὲ τότε Ἐμπέραμος ὁ τοῦ βουκόλου δεσπότης προσεκάθητο τῇ Εἴρᾳ.
The sentence contains two coordinated clauses; token 11 is analyzed as a genitive absolute modifying the second clause, though its exact attachment is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀπῆσαν | obl | high | Dative of reference/interest with the finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἀπῆσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 βασιλεῖς | det | high | Article with βασιλεῖς. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 βασιλεῖς | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | βασιλεῖς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀπῆσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπῆσαν. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 7 στρατοπέδου | case | high | Preposition governing στρατοπέδου. |
| 7 | στρατοπέδου | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπῆσαν | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 8 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ἀπῆσαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 9 | ἀπῆσαν | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπῆσαν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 11 | πολεμαρχῶν | πολεμάρχης | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 προσεκάθητο | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; head inferred from temporal/main clause context. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 19 προσεκάθητο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 19 προσεκάθητο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 14 | Ἐμπέραμος | Ἐμπέραμος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 προσεκάθητο | nsubj | high | Subject of προσεκάθητο. |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 δεσπότης | det | high | Article with δεσπότης. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 βουκόλου | det | high | Article with βουκόλου. |
| 17 | βουκόλου | βουκόλος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 δεσπότης | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of δεσπότης. |
| 18 | δεσπότης | δεσπότης | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἐμπέραμος | appos | high | Apposition to Ἐμπέραμος. |
| 19 | προσεκάθητο | προσκαθέζομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 20 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Εἴρᾳ | det | high | Article with Εἴρᾳ. |
| 21 | Εἴρᾳ | Εἴρα | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 προσεκάθητο | obl | high | Dative object/complement of προσεκάθητο. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 προσεκάθητο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |