Grammar parses for passage 4.21.1
Open translation for this passage
γνόντες οὖν τὸν ὕστατον ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀναγκαιότατον σφᾶς ἀγῶνα ἐπειληφότα, οὐδὲ τὰ ὅπλα ἅπαντα ἀνελάμβανον, ἀλλʼ ὅτῳ προχείρῳ μάλιστα ἐντύχοι τις, ἁρπάζοντες ἤμυνον τῇ πατρίδι, ἣ μόνη σφίσιν ἐλείπετο ἐκ τῆς Μεσσηνίας πάσης.
The syntax is a chain of participial and coordinated finite clauses; ὅτῳ προχείρῳ μάλιστα ἐντύχοι τις is best analyzed as an optative relative/conditional clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γνόντες | γιγνώσκω | VERB | AOR.ACT.PTCP.NOM.MASC.PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 ἤμυνον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 1 γνόντες | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA.SMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀγῶνα | det | high | Article modifying ἀγῶνα. |
| 4 | ὕστατον | ὕστατος | ADJ | A.SMSA | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀγῶνα | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 5 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ἀγῶνα | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the noun phrase/adjective complex. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ὁμοῦ | cc | high | Connects two adverbial modifiers. |
| 7 | ἀναγκαιότατον | ἀναγκαῖος | ADJ | A.SMSA | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀγῶνα | amod | high | Second attributive adjective. |
| 8 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 ἐπειληφότα | obj | medium | Reflexive/third-person pronoun with participle; form is enclitic/epic. |
| 9 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N.SMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπειληφότα | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπειληφότα. |
| 10 | ἐπειληφότα | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | VPR.ACT.PTCP.ACC.MASC.SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 γνόντες | ccomp | high | Perfect active participle agreeing with ἀγῶνα. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 γνόντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἀνελάμβανον | cc | high | Coordinates the negated clause/verb phrase. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA.NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὅπλα | det | high | Article modifying ὅπλα. |
| 14 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N.NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἀνελάμβανον | obj | high | Object of ἀνελάμβανον. |
| 15 | ἅπαντα | ἅπας | ADJ | A.NPA | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὅπλα | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ὅπλα. |
| 16 | ἀνελάμβανον | ἀναλαμβάνω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 1 γνόντες | conj | high | Main imperfect verb coordinated with the preceding clause. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀνελάμβανον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 ἤμυνον | cc | high | Adversative coordinating conjunction. |
| 19 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | Pi-SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 22 ἐντύχοι | obl | medium | Relative/indefinite pronoun; likely governed by ἐντύχοι. |
| 20 | προχείρῳ | πρόχειρος | ADJ | A.DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ὅτῳ | amod | high | Attributive adjective with ὅτῳ. |
| 21 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 22 ἐντύχοι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐντύχοι. |
| 22 | ἐντύχοι | ἐντυγχάνω | VERB | VAAO3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ἀνελάμβανον | advcl | medium | Optative in a relative/conditional sense. |
| 23 | τις | τις | PRON | Pi-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 22 ἐντύχοι | nsubj | high | Indefinite subject of ἐντύχοι. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐντύχοι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | ἁρπάζοντες | ἁρπάζω | VERB | VPR.ACT.PTCP.NOM.MASC.PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 ἤμυνον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἤμυνον. |
| 26 | ἤμυνον | ἀμύνω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 1 γνόντες | conj | high | Main coordinated imperfect verb. |
| 27 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA.DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 πατρίδι | det | high | Article modifying πατρίδι. |
| 28 | πατρίδι | πατρίς | NOUN | N.DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἤμυνον | iobj | high | Dative of indirect object/beneficiary. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἤμυνον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 30 | ἣ | ὅς | PRON | Pr-SFN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 33 ἐλείπετο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to πατρίς. |
| 31 | μόνη | μόνος | ADJ | A.SFN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἣ | amod | high | Attributive adjective with relative pronoun. |
| 32 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 33 ἐλείπετο | iobj | medium | Dative with ἐλείπετο; likely possessive/interest dative. |
| 33 | ἐλείπετο | λείπω | VERB | VIIE3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 26 ἤμυνον | advcl | high | Relative clause verb modifying the preceding clause. |
| 34 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 36 Μεσσηνίας | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 35 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA.GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 Μεσσηνίας | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίας. |
| 36 | Μεσσηνίας | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N.SF?G | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐλείπετο | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 37 | πάσης | πᾶς | ADJ | A.GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 Μεσσηνίας | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Μεσσηνίας. |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἤμυνον | punct | high | Punctuation. |