Pausanias Analysis

Passage 4.21.1

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Passage 4.21.1: Spartan assault on the acropolis of Eira

Historical Non-skeptical

Greek Text

ἔδοξέ τε δὴ λέγειν πιστὰ καὶ ἡγεῖτο Ἐμπεράμῳ καὶ τοῖς Σπαρτιάταις. ἦν δὲ ἡ πορεία χαλεπή σφισιν ἅτε ἐν σκότῳ καὶ οὐκ ἀνιέντος τοῦ ὑετοῦ· ὅμως δὲ ὑπὸ προθυμίας ἤνυσαν, καὶ ὡς κατὰ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν τῆς Εἴρας ἐγένοντο, ὑπερέβαινον κλίμακάς τε προστιθέντες καὶ ὅτῳ τις ἐδύνατο ἄλλῳ τρόπῳ. τοῖς δὲ Μεσσηνίοις παρείχετο μὲν τοῦ παρόντος κακοῦ καὶ ἄλλα αἴσθησιν, μάλιστα δὲ οἱ κύνες οὐ κατὰ τὰ εἰωθότα ὑλακτοῦντες, ἀλλὰ συνεχεστέρᾳ καὶ βιαιοτέρᾳ τῇ κραυγῇ χρώμενοι. γνόντες οὖν τὸν ὕστατον ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀναγκαιότατον σφᾶς ἀγῶνα ἐπειληφότα, οὐδὲ τὰ ὅπλα ἅπαντα ἀνελάμβανον, ἀλλʼ ὅτῳ προχείρῳ μάλιστα ἐντύχοι τις, ἁρπάζοντες ἤμυνον τῇ πατρίδι, ἣ μόνη σφίσιν ἐλείπετο ἐκ τῆς Μεσσηνίας πάσης.

English Translation

Indeed the Spartan force placed trust in Emperamus and his words seemed credible to them. The journey was difficult because of the darkness and the ceaseless rain, yet their enthusiasm carried them through. When they arrived at the acropolis of Eira, they scaled it by setting up ladders, or by whatever other means each man could. The Messenians were alerted to the present danger by various signs, but especially by their dogs, which barked not in their usual way, but with a louder and more incessant noise. Understanding then that the final and decisive struggle had come upon them, the Messenians did not pause to arm themselves fully, but seized whatever weapons lay at hand, and rushed out to fight in defense of their native land, the last place remaining to them in all of Messenia.

Proper Nouns

Messenians (Μεσσήνιοι) person
Spartiates (Σπαρτιάται) person
Emperamus (Ἐμπέραμος) person
Ira (Εἴρα) place Q16575287
Messenia (Μεσσηνία) place Q1247159
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