Grammar parses for passage 4.20.9
Open translation for this passage
τῶν τε δὴ ἄλλων ἕκαστος ἀνεχώρησεν ἀπὸ τῆς φρουρᾶς καὶ τῆς ὑπὸ τοῦ βουκόλου μοιχευομένης ὁ ἀνήρ.
The coordinated genitive phrases τῶν ἄλλων and τῆς φρουρᾶς καὶ τῆς ... μοιχευομένης are governed by ἕκαστος and ἀνεχώρησεν respectively; the final ὁ ἀνήρ is an appositional/topic subject, with the second genitive phrase describing the guardhouse associated with the adulterous woman. The attachment of ὑπὸ τοῦ βουκόλου μοιχευομένης is syntactically clear, though the elliptical relation of the final subject is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἕκαστος | det | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 ἄλλων | cc | high | Correlative/coordinating particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | -------- | _ | 6 ἀνεχώρησεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 5 ἕκαστος | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘of the others’. |
| 5 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 6 ἀνεχώρησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἀνεχώρησεν | ἀναχωρέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 9 φρουρᾶς | case | high | |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 φρουρᾶς | det | high | |
| 9 | φρουρᾶς | φρουρά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνεχώρησεν | obl | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 15 μοιχευομένης | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive complements of ἀπό. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 μοιχευομένης | det | high | |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 15 μοιχευομένης | case | high | |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 βουκόλου | det | high | |
| 14 | βουκόλου | βουκόλος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 μοιχευομένης | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 15 | μοιχευομένης | μοιχεύω | VERB | V-PPP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 φρουρᾶς | conj | high | Substantival/attributive genitive participle modifying the coordinated τῆς; understood woman is being seduced/adulterated by the cowherd. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἀνήρ | det | high | |
| 17 | ἀνήρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνεχώρησεν | nsubj | medium | Final nominative subject is postposed and semantically identifies the man associated with the preceding genitive phrase. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | punct | _ | 6 ἀνεχώρησεν | punct | high |
ἡ δὲ τηνικαῦτα ἔνδον εἶχε τὸν βουκόλον, αἰσθάνεταί τε τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐπιόντος καὶ αὐτίκα ὡς τάχους εἶχεν ἀποκρύπτει τὸν ἄνθρωπον.
The sentence has three coordinated finite predicates (εἶχε, αἰσθάνεται, ἀποκρύπτει); ἀνδρὸς ἐπιόντος is a genitive participial perception complement, while ὡς τάχους εἶχεν expresses the manner or speed of the final concealment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶχε | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 εἶχε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 εἶχε | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἔνδον | ἔνδον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 εἶχε | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 5 | εἶχε | ἔχω | VERB | V3I IAA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | conj | high | First coordinated finite verb. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 βουκόλον | det | high | |
| 7 | βουκόλον | βουκόλος | NOUN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἶχε | obj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἶχε | punct | high | |
| 9 | αἰσθάνεταί | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | V3S I MP--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | conj | high | Middle deponent; coordinated with εἶχε. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 αἰσθάνεταί | cc | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀνδρὸς | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the participle. |
| 13 | ἐπιόντος | ἔπειμι | VERB | V--P GAS-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 αἰσθάνεταί | ccomp | medium | Genitive-absolute-like participial complement governed by αἰσθάνεται; may alternatively be analyzed as an accusative-of-perception construction in some traditions. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | cc | high | |
| 15 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | advmod | high | |
| 16 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 εἶχεν | mark | medium | Introduces the manner/degree expression ὡς τάχους εἶχεν. |
| 17 | τάχους | τάχος | NOUN | N-----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 εἶχεν | obl | medium | Genitive of manner/degree in the idiom ὡς τάχους. |
| 18 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V3S IAA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | advcl | medium | Imperfect in a subordinate manner/temporal expression. |
| 19 | ἀποκρύπτει | ἀποκρύπτω | VERB | V3S I PA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite present, coordinated with the preceding imperfects. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἄνθρωπον | det | high | |
| 21 | ἄνθρωπον | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | obj | high | |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | punct | high |
ἐσελθόντα δὲ τὸν ἄνδρα ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο ὡς οὔπω πρότερον καὶ ἠρώτα καθʼ ἥν τινα αἰτίαν ἥκοι.
The accusative participial phrase ἐσελθόντα τὸν ἄνδρα is the object-like subject of ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο; ὡς οὔπω πρότερον modifies the welcoming, and καθʼ ἥν τινα αἰτίαν ἥκοι is an indirect interrogative with optative by secondary sequence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐσελθόντα | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | AAPMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, accusative masculine singular, agreeing with τὸν ἄνδρα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἄνδρα | det | high | |
| 4 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | NASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | obj | medium | Accusative participant/object of the causative-like welcoming verb within the participial construction. |
| 5 | ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | φιλοφρονέομαι | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 πρότερον | mark | medium | Introduces an elliptical comparative clause/phrase. |
| 7 | οὔπω | οὔπω | ADV | ADV | Polarity=Neg | 8 πρότερον | advmod | high | Negative temporal adverb, ‘not yet’. |
| 8 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | advmod | medium | Adverbial comparative, ‘before/formerly’; the ὡς phrase is elliptical. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἠρώτα | cc | high | Coordinates ἠρώτα with ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο. |
| 10 | ἠρώτα | ἐρωτάω | VERB | V3SIIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | conj | high | |
| 11 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 14 αἰτίαν | case | high | Elided κατά before the accusative phrase. |
| 12 | ἥν | ὅς | PRON | -ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 αἰτίαν | det | medium | Relative/interrogative form agreeing with αἰτίαν; parsed as a determiner in the phrase κατὰ ἥν τινα αἰτίαν. |
| 13 | τινα | τις | DET | PX-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 αἰτίαν | det | medium | Indefinite/interrogative modifier; contributes to the indirect-question phrase. |
| 14 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | NASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἥκοι | obl | high | Object of κατά in the indirect question. |
| 15 | ἥκοι | ἥκω | VERB | V3SPO | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἠρώτα | ccomp | high | Indirect interrogative verb; optative reflects secondary sequence. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ οὔτε μεμοιχευμένην εἰδὼς οὔτε ἔνδον ὄντα τὸν βουκόλον ἐχρῆτο τῷ ἀληθεῖ λόγῳ, καὶ αὐτός τε διὰ τοῦ ὄμβρου τὸ βίαιον καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἕκαστον ἔφασκεν ἀπολελοιπέναι τὴν φρουράν.
The subject is the shepherd (βουκόλος), with ἐχρῆτο governing τῷ ἀληθεῖ λόγῳ; εἰδώς takes coordinated participial complements, while ἔφασκεν governs the infinitive ἀπολελοιπέναι. The final accusatives are coordinated objects of the infinitive; τὸ βίαιον is substantivized and τῶν ἄλλων ἕκαστον means ‘each of the others’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | DA-NMS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 βουκόλον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 11 ἐχρῆτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 5 εἰδὼς | cc | high | |
| 4 | μεμοιχευμένην | μοιχεύω | VERB | V-RAP-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 εἰδὼς | obj | medium | Perfect active participle, accusative feminine singular; understood object/complement of εἰδώς. |
| 5 | εἰδὼς | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐχρῆτο | advcl | high | Perfect form with present meaning ‘knowing’. |
| 6 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 8 ὄντα | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἔνδον | ἔνδον | ADV | D------- | _ | 8 ὄντα | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 εἰδὼς | obj | high | Accusative masculine singular participle, coordinated with μεμοιχευμένην as complement of εἰδώς. |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DA-AMS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 βουκόλον | det | high | |
| 10 | βουκόλον | βουκόλος | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὄντα | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the participle ὄντα in the εἰδώς complement. |
| 11 | ἐχρῆτο | χράομαι | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Deponent imperfect. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DA-DMS | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀληθεῖ | ἀληθής | ADJ | A-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 λόγῳ | amod | high | |
| 14 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐχρῆτο | obl | high | Dative complement selected by χράομαι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐχρῆτο | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 28 ἔφασκεν | cc | high | |
| 17 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | P-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 28 ἔφασκεν | nsubj | high | Emphatic nominative pronoun, coreferential with the subject. |
| 18 | τε | τε | PART | X------- | _ | 28 ἔφασκεν | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 19 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R------ | AdpType=Prep | 21 ὄμβρου | case | high | |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA-GNS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ὄμβρου | det | high | |
| 21 | ὄμβρου | ὄμβρος | NOUN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 βίαιον | obl | high | Genitive complement of διά. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-ANS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 βίαιον | det | high | |
| 23 | βίαιον | βίαιος | ADJ | A-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἀπολελοιπέναι | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, coordinated with τῶν ἄλλων ἕκαστον. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 27 ἕκαστον | cc | high | |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DA-GPN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἄλλων | det | high | |
| 26 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ἕκαστον | nmod | high | Substantivized genitive plural, dependent on ἕκαστον. |
| 27 | ἕκαστον | ἕκαστος | PRON | P-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 29 ἀπολελοιπέναι | obj | high | Accusative distributive pronoun, ‘each one’; coordinated with τὸ βίαιον. |
| 28 | ἔφασκεν | φάσκω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ἐχρῆτο | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb after καὶ τε. |
| 29 | ἀπολελοιπέναι | ἀπολείπω | VERB | V-RAN | Mood=Ind|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 28 ἔφασκεν | xcomp | high | Perfect active infinitive governed by ἔφασκεν; infinitive morphology is traditionally marked without person/number. |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA-AFS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 φρουράν | det | high | |
| 31 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἀπολελοιπέναι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀπολελοιπέναι. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐχρῆτο | punct | high |