Grammar parses for passage 4.20.9
Open translation for this passage
ἡ δὲ τηνικαῦτα ἔνδον εἶχε τὸν βουκόλον, αἰσθάνεταί τε τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐπιόντος καὶ αὐτίκα ὡς τάχους εἶχεν ἀποκρύπτει τὸν ἄνθρωπον.
The clause with ὡς τάχους εἶχεν is syntactically ambiguous; I treat it as a subordinate temporal/degree clause modifying ἀποκρύπτει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Td-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 εἶχε | nsubj | high | Article functioning as noun phrase subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 5 εἶχε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | Df | _ | 5 εἶχε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 4 | ἔνδον | ἔνδον | ADV | Df | _ | 5 εἶχε | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 5 | εἶχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Td-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 βουκόλον | det | high | Article with object noun. |
| 7 | βουκόλον | βουκόλος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἶχε | obj | high | Direct object of εἶχε. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἶχε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | αἰσθάνεταί | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 εἶχε | conj | high | Coordinated verb, present historical/dynamic usage. |
| 10 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 9 αἰσθάνεταί | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Td-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἀνδρὸς | det | high | Article with genitive noun. |
| 12 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 αἰσθάνεταί | obl | high | Genitive complement of αἰσθάνεταί. |
| 13 | ἐπιόντος | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἀνδρὸς | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying ἀνδρός. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | cc | medium | Coordinates with preceding clause. |
| 15 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | Df | _ | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀποκρύπτει. |
| 16 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G | _ | 18 εἶχεν | mark | medium | Introduces temporal clause; syntactic scope somewhat uncertain. |
| 17 | τάχους | τάχος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 εἶχεν | obl | medium | Likely genitive of degree/measure with εἶχεν. |
| 18 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | advcl | medium | Likely temporal/conditional subordinate verb under ἀποκρύπτει. |
| 19 | ἀποκρύπτει | ἀποκρύπτω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 αἰσθάνεταί | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Td-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 ἄνθρωπον | det | high | Article with object noun. |
| 21 | ἄνθρωπον | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | obj | high | Direct object of ἀποκρύπτει. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀποκρύπτει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐσελθόντα δὲ τὸν ἄνδρα ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο ὡς οὔπω πρότερον καὶ ἠρώτα καθʼ ἥν τινα αἰτίαν ἥκοι.
The syntax combines an accusative absolute-like participial phrase with two coordinated main verbs; the final indirect question is introduced by ἠρώτα and uses optative sequence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐσελθόντα | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the main predicate; accusative agrees with ἄνδρα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἄνδρα | det | high | Article modifying ἄνδρα. |
| 4 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐσελθόντα | obj | high | Object of the participle ἐσελθόντα; retained accusative with participial construction. |
| 5 | ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | φιλοφρονέομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; middle/passive form with imperfect sense. |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 πρότερον | mark | medium | Introduces comparative expression with πρότερον. |
| 7 | οὔπω | οὔπω | ADV | D | _ | 8 πρότερον | advmod | high | Adverb modifying πρότερον. |
| 8 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | D | _ | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | advmod | medium | Adverbial comparative phrase with ὡς; could also be analyzed as part of a fixed adverbial expression. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἠρώτα | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite verb with the first. |
| 10 | ἠρώτα | ἐρωτάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 11 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 αἰτίαν | case | high | Preposition governing αἰτίαν. |
| 12 | ἥν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 αἰτίαν | det | medium | Relative pronoun modifying αἰτίαν. |
| 13 | τινα | τις | DET | RI-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 14 αἰτίαν | det | high | Indefinite modifier of αἰτίαν. |
| 14 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἠρώτα | obl | high | Prepositional object of καθʼ with the interrogative sense 'on account of what reason'. |
| 15 | ἥκοι | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἠρώτα | ccomp | high | Indirect question after ἠρώτα; optative in sequence of tense. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐφιλοφρονεῖτο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὁ δὲ οὔτε μεμοιχευμένην εἰδὼς οὔτε ἔνδον ὄντα τὸν βουκόλον ἐχρῆτο τῷ ἀληθεῖ λόγῳ, καὶ αὐτός τε διὰ τοῦ ὄμβρου τὸ βίαιον καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἕκαστον ἔφασκεν ἀπολελοιπέναι τὴν φρουράν.
The sentence has a participial opening with double οὔτε coordination and a later coordinated finite clause; ἐχρῆτο governs the first part, while ἔφασκεν governs a perfect infinitival complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἐχρῆτο | nsubj | high | Article functioning as subject with implied noun phrase reference. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 11 ἐχρῆτο | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CO | _ | 11 ἐχρῆτο | cc | high | Correlative coordinator. |
| 4 | μεμοιχευμένην | μοιχεύω | VERB | V-RPP-APF | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 εἰδὼς | xcomp | high | Perfect passive participle modifying the understood object/complement in the participial phrase. |
| 5 | εἰδὼς | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐχρῆτο | advcl | high | Main participial clause dependent on ἐχρῆτο. |
| 6 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CO | _ | 11 ἐχρῆτο | cc | high | Correlative coordinator. |
| 7 | ἔνδον | ἔνδον | ADV | D | _ | 11 ἐχρῆτο | advmod | high | Adverbial. |
| 8 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-AMA | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 βουκόλον | amod | medium | Could also be part of a reduced clause; attached to βουκόλον as participial modifier. |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 βουκόλον | det | high | Article. |
| 10 | βουκόλον | βουκόλος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐχρῆτο | obj | high | Object of the participial construction. |
| 11 | ἐχρῆτο | χράομαι | VERB | V-IIMI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 λόγῳ | det | high | Article. |
| 13 | ἀληθεῖ | ἀληθής | ADJ | A-DS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 λόγῳ | amod | high | Adjectival modifier. |
| 14 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐχρῆτο | obl | high | Dative complement of χράομαι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐχρῆτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CO | _ | 28 ἔφασκεν | cc | high | Coordinator linking a second clause. |
| 17 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἔφασκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔφασκεν. |
| 18 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 17 αὐτός | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective, linked to αὐτός. |
| 19 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | AdpType=Prep | 21 ὄμβρου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 ὄμβρου | det | high | Article. |
| 21 | ὄμβρου | ὄμβρος | NOUN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 βίαιον | nmod | medium | Genitive complement within prepositional phrase modifying τὸ βίαιον. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 βίαιον | det | high | Article. |
| 23 | βίαιον | βίαιος | ADJ | A-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἔφασκεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔφασκεν, with prepositional modifier. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CO | _ | 28 ἔφασκεν | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 ἄλλων | det | high | Article. |
| 26 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἕκαστον | amod | high | Adjective modifying ἕκαστον. |
| 27 | ἕκαστον | ἕκαστος | PRON | A-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἔφασκεν | obj | high | Object in coordinated infinitival clause. |
| 28 | ἔφασκεν | φημί | VERB | V-IIIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 11 ἐχρῆτο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 29 | ἀπολελοιπέναι | ἀπολείπω | VERB | V-RAN | Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 28 ἔφασκεν | xcomp | high | Perfect infinitive complement of ἔφασκεν. |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 φρουράν | det | high | Article. |
| 31 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἀπολελοιπέναι | obj | high | Object of ἀπολελοιπέναι. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐχρῆτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |