Grammar parses for passage 4.20.8
Open translation for this passage
Ἀριστομένης δὲ οὐ πολλαῖς πρότερον ἡμέραις Κεφαλλῆνα ἔμπορον, ἑαυτῷ ξένον καὶ ἐσάγοντα ἐς τὴν Εἶραν ὁπόσων ἐδέοντο, ἑαλωκότα ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ τοξοτῶν Ἀπτεραίων ὧν ἦρχεν Εὐρύαλος Σπαρτιάτης, τοῦτον τὸν Κεφαλλῆνα ἀφαιρούμενος ἐκεῖνον μὲν καὶ τὰ χρήματα ὁπόσα ἦγεν ἀπέσωσεν, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐτέτρωτο καὶ οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἐπιφοιτᾶν τοῖς φυλάσσουσι καθάπερ εἰώθει.
Complex participial construction: Ἀριστομένης is the subject of ἀπέσωσεν and ἐτέτρωτο; the accusative Κεφαλλῆνα is appositional to τοῦτον and the participles describe the rescued merchant. ὧν is a genitive relative pronoun dependent on ἦρχεν, while ὁπόσων/ὁπόσα introduce quantity-relative clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 5 πρότερον | advmod | high | |
| 4 | πολλαῖς | πολύς | ADJ | a-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἡμέραις | amod | high | |
| 5 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | d-------- | _ | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb modifying the interval expression. |
| 6 | ἡμέραις | ἡμέρα | NOUN | n-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 πρότερον | obl | high | Dative of time/measure with πρότερον. |
| 7 | Κεφαλλῆνα | Κεφαλλήν | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἀφαιρούμενος | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἔμπορον | ἔμπορος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Κεφαλλῆνα | appos | high | Apposition to Κεφαλλῆνα. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἀφαιρούμενος | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἑαυτῷ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 11 ξένον | obl | high | Dative of advantage/relationship with ξένον. |
| 11 | ξένον | ξένος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Κεφαλλῆνα | conj | medium | Predicative/appositional characterization of the merchant. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 13 ἐσάγοντα | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐσάγοντα | εἰσάγω | VERB | v-sppama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 Κεφαλλῆνα | acl | high | Coordinated participle agreeing with Κεφαλλῆνα. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 16 Εἶραν | case | high | |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Εἶραν | det | high | |
| 16 | Εἶραν | Εἶρα | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐσάγοντα | obl | high | |
| 17 | ὁπόσων | ὁπόσος | DET | a-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 18 ἐδέοντο | obj | medium | Substantivized/relative quantity expression, likely object of ἐδέοντο. |
| 18 | ἐδέοντο | δέομαι | VERB | v3piim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 13 ἐσάγοντα | advcl | medium | Relative clause specifying what quantities were needed. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἑαλωκότα | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἑαλωκότα | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | v-srpama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 Κεφαλλῆνα | acl | high | Perfect participle, agreeing with Κεφαλλῆνα; active form with intransitive/passive sense ‘captured’. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 22 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | |
| 22 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἑαλωκότα | obl:agent | high | |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 24 τοξοτῶν | cc | high | |
| 24 | τοξοτῶν | τοξότης | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Λακεδαιμονίων | conj | high | |
| 25 | Ἀπτεραίων | Ἀπτεραῖος | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 τοξοτῶν | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying τοξοτῶν. |
| 26 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | p-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 27 ἦρχεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἦρχεν. |
| 27 | ἦρχεν | ἄρχω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 28 Εὐρύαλος | acl:relcl | high | |
| 28 | Εὐρύαλος | Εὐρύαλος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἦρχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 29 | Σπαρτιάτης | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Εὐρύαλος | appos | high | |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἀφαιρούμενος | punct | high | |
| 31 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | pd-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 34 ἀφαιρούμενος | obj | high | Correlates with the following appositional τὸν Κεφαλλῆνα. |
| 32 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 Κεφαλλῆνα | det | high | |
| 33 | Κεφαλλῆνα | Κεφαλλήν | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 τοῦτον | appos | high | Apposition to τοῦτον. |
| 34 | ἀφαιρούμενος | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | v-sppmmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἀριστομένης. |
| 35 | ἐκεῖνον | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | pd-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | obj | high | Object of ἀπέσωσεν; refers to the merchant. |
| 36 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ at token 45. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 39 χρήματα | cc | high | |
| 38 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 39 χρήματα | det | high | |
| 39 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | obj | high | Coordinated object with ἐκεῖνον. |
| 40 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | DET | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 41 ἦγεν | obj | high | Relative quantity determiner, object of ἦγεν. |
| 41 | ἦγεν | ἄγω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 39 χρήματα | acl:relcl | high | |
| 42 | ἀπέσωσεν | ἀποσῴζω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | punct | high | |
| 44 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 46 ἐτέτρωτο | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of ἐτέτρωτο. |
| 45 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 46 ἐτέτρωτο | cc | high | Correlative with μέν at token 36. |
| 46 | ἐτέτρωτο | τιτρώσκω | VERB | v3slim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | conj | high | Pluperfect middle/passive: ‘had been wounded’. |
| 47 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 49 ἐδύνατο | cc | high | |
| 48 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 49 ἐδύνατο | advmod | high | |
| 49 | ἐδύνατο | δύναμαι | VERB | v3siim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 46 ἐτέτρωτο | conj | high | |
| 50 | ἐπιφοιτᾶν | ἐπιφοιτάω | VERB | v--pna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 49 ἐδύνατο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἐδύνατο. |
| 51 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 52 φυλάσσουσι | det | high | |
| 52 | φυλάσσουσι | φυλάσσω | VERB | v-pppamd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 50 ἐπιφοιτᾶν | obl | high | Substantival dative participle, ‘those guarding’. |
| 53 | καθάπερ | καθάπερ | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 54 εἰώθει | mark | high | |
| 54 | εἰώθει | εἴωθα | VERB | v3slia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 50 ἐπιφοιτᾶν | advcl | high | Pluperfect form with customary/present-like meaning ‘as he was accustomed’. |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | punct | high |