Grammar parses for passage 4.20.8
Open translation for this passage
Ἀριστομένης δὲ οὐ πολλαῖς πρότερον ἡμέραις Κεφαλλῆνα ἔμπορον, ἑαυτῷ ξένον καὶ ἐσάγοντα ἐς τὴν Εἶραν ὁπόσων ἐδέοντο, ἑαλωκότα ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ τοξοτῶν Ἀπτεραίων ὧν ἦρχεν Εὐρύαλος Σπαρτιάτης, τοῦτον τὸν Κεφαλλῆνα ἀφαιρούμενος ἐκεῖνον μὲν καὶ τὰ χρήματα ὁπόσα ἦγεν ἀπέσωσεν, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐτέτρωτο καὶ οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἐπιφοιτᾶν τοῖς φυλάσσουσι καθάπερ εἰώθει.
The sentence has a long participial frame before the main predicate; the final finite verbs ἐτέτρωτο and ἐδύνατο are coordinated, with ἐπιφοιτᾶν as complementary infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 ἐτέτρωτο | nsubj | high | Main subject of the clause with ἐτέτρωτο/ἐδύνατο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 Ἀριστομένης | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 49 ἐδύνατο | advmod | high | Negates ἐδύνατο. |
| 4 | πολλαῖς | πολύς | ADJ | A--FDP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἡμέραις | amod | high | Attributive with ἡμέραις. |
| 5 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D | _ | 6 ἡμέραις | advmod | high | Temporal modifier. |
| 6 | ἡμέραις | ἡμέρα | NOUN | N--FDP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | obl | medium | Temporal dative; governs the preceding participial phrase in time expression. |
| 7 | Κεφαλλῆνα | Κεφαλλήν | PROPN | NNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔμπορον | compound | medium | Ethnic/name modifying ἔμπορον. |
| 8 | ἔμπορον | ἔμπορος | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἀριστομένης | obj | high | Predicate/object of participial characterization of Aristomenes. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔμπορον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἑαυτῷ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-3MSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 11 ξένον | iobj | medium | Reflexive dative with ξένον, ‘for himself’. |
| 11 | ξένον | ξένος | ADJ | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔμπορον | xcomp | medium | Appositional/predicative adjective with ἔμπορον; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐσάγοντα | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 13 | ἐσάγοντα | εἰσάγω | VERB | V-PPAM-S | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἔμπορον | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἔμπορον. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 16 Εἶραν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Εἶραν | det | high | Article with Εἶραν. |
| 16 | Εἶραν | Εἶρα | PROPN | NNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐσάγοντα | obl | high | Goal of ἐσάγοντα. |
| 17 | ὁπόσων | ὁπόσος | DET | Q-PRPG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Int | 18 ἐδέοντο | obj | medium | Object of ἐδέοντο. |
| 18 | ἐδέοντο | δέω | VERB | V-IMMP-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 16 Εἶραν | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause; finite deponent form. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐδέοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | ἑαλωκότα | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-RAPM-S | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 8 ἔμπορον | acl | medium | Perfect participle modifying ἔμπορον; form/classical voice analysis somewhat uncertain. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 22 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | Preposition. |
| 22 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἑαλωκότα | obl | high | Agent of passive participle. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 τοξοτῶν | cc | high | Coordinates genitives. |
| 24 | τοξοτῶν | τοξότης | NOUN | N--GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Λακεδαιμονίων | conj | high | Conjunct with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 25 | Ἀπτεραίων | Ἀπτεραῖος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 τοξοτῶν | amod | medium | Adjectival ethnic modifying τοξοτῶν. |
| 26 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 27 ἦρχεν | obj | medium | Relative pronoun referring to the preceding group. |
| 27 | ἦρχεν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 20 ἑαλωκότα | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying Ἀπτεραίων/τοξοτῶν. |
| 28 | Εὐρύαλος | Εὐρύαλος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἦρχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦρχεν. |
| 29 | Σπαρτιάτης | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Εὐρύαλος | amod | high | Appositive/ethnic adjective with Εὐρύαλος. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἑαλωκότα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 31 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | P-DAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 34 ἀφαιρούμενος | obj | high | Direct object of ἀφαιρούμενος. |
| 32 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 Κεφαλλῆνα | det | high | Article with Κεφαλλῆνα. |
| 33 | Κεφαλλῆνα | Κεφαλλήν | PROPN | NNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 τοῦτον | appos | high | Apposition to demonstrative τοῦτον. |
| 34 | ἀφαιρούμενος | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-PMPM-N | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 46 ἐτέτρωτο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject matching Ἀριστομένης. |
| 35 | ἐκεῖνον | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-DAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | obj | high | Object of ἀπέσωσεν. |
| 36 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 35 ἐκεῖνον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 38 τὰ | cc | high | Coordinates objects. |
| 38 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 39 χρήματα | det | high | Article with χρήματα. |
| 39 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | obj | high | Conjoined object of ἀπέσωσεν. |
| 40 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | DET | Q-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Int | 39 χρήματα | amod | high | Modifies χρήματα. |
| 41 | ἦγεν | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 39 χρήματα | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying χρήματα. |
| 42 | ἀπέσωσεν | ἀποσῴζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 34 ἀφαιρούμενος | conj | high | Coordinated with the participial action; main verbal predicate of the participial clause. |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 42 ἀπέσωσεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 44 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 46 ἐτέτρωτο | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of ἐτέτρωτο and ἐδύνατο. |
| 45 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 44 αὐτὸς | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 46 | ἐτέτρωτο | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plur|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect/perfect-like narrative form; root of the sentence. |
| 47 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 49 ἐδύνατο | cc | high | Coordinates predicates. |
| 48 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 49 ἐδύνατο | advmod | high | Negates ἐδύνατο. |
| 49 | ἐδύνατο | δύναμαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 46 ἐτέτρωτο | conj | high | Conjunct finite verb with ἐτέτρωτο. |
| 50 | ἐπιφοιτᾶν | ἐπιφοιτάω | VERB | V-PAAN | Aspect=Imp|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 49 ἐδύνατο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 51 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 52 φυλάσσουσι | det | high | Article with φυλάσσουσι. |
| 52 | φυλάσσουσι | φυλάσσω | VERB | V-PAPD-P | Aspect=Imp|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 50 ἐπιφοιτᾶν | obl | medium | Dative participle dependent on infinitive; likely substantival 'those guarding'. |
| 53 | καθάπερ | καθάπερ | ADV | D | _ | 54 εἰώθει | advmod | high | Comparative adverb. |
| 54 | εἰώθει | ἔθω | VERB | V-ILA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pqp|Voice=Act | 50 ἐπιφοιτᾶν | advcl | medium | Pluperfect-like habitual clause; form is irregular. |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 46 ἐτέτρωτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοῦτο μάλιστα αἴτιον ἐγένετο ἐκλειφθῆναι τὴν ἀκρόπολιν·
The clause uses a predicative adjective with ἐγένετο and an infinitival complement; ἐκλειφθῆναι governs the accusative object ἀκρόπολιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Rd-NS-NN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 αἴτιον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο; demonstrative pronoun. |
| 2 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | _ | 3 αἴτιον | advmod | high | Modifies αἴτιον as intensifier. |
| 3 | αἴτιον | αἴτιος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγένετο | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with ἐγένετο; construed with infinitival content. |
| 4 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | ἐκλειφθῆναι | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-APN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 4 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on αἴτιον/ἐγένετο construction. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἀκρόπολιν | det | high | Article modifying ἀκρόπολιν. |
| 7 | ἀκρόπολιν | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκλειφθῆναι | obj | high | Object of infinitive ἐκλειφθῆναι. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |