Grammar parses for passage 4.20.7
Open translation for this passage
καί ποτε ἔτυχε σὺν ἄλλοις ἐς ἐκεῖνον περιήκουσα ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ἡ φυλακή, ἔτυχε δὲ καὶ ὕειν πολλῷ τὸν θεόν, καὶ ἐκλείπουσιν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τὴν φρουράν·
The first ἔτυχε introduces an impersonal circumstance with φυλακή as subject and περιήκουσα as its agreeing participle; the second ἔτυχε governs the infinitive ὕειν. The final clause coordinates a present-tense result/action.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἔτυχε | cc | high | |
| 2 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | ADV | PronType=Ind | 3 ἔτυχε | advmod | high | Indefinite/adverbial ποτε. |
| 3 | ἔτυχε | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-3SAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist ἔτυχε, here in the construction ‘it happened/chanced’. |
| 4 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἄλλοις | case | high | |
| 5 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 περιήκουσα | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘with others’. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἐκεῖνον | case | high | |
| 7 | ἐκεῖνον | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-DAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 περιήκουσα | obl | high | |
| 8 | περιήκουσα | περιήκω | VERB | V-SAPFSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 φυλακή | acl | medium | Agreeing with φυλακή; περιήκουσα is understood as ‘having arrived/reached’. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 νυκτὶ | det | high | |
| 11 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 περιήκουσα | obl | high | |
| 12 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 φυλακή | det | high | |
| 13 | φυλακή | φυλακή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἔτυχε | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 ἔτυχε | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἔτυχε | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-3SAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἔτυχε | conj | medium | Coordinated second occurrence of the impersonal construction. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἔτυχε | cc | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ὕειν | cc | high | Coordinates the infinitival complement with the preceding clause. |
| 18 | ὕειν | ὕω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἔτυχε | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ἔτυχε. |
| 19 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ὕειν | obl | medium | Adverbial/neuter instrumental dative, ‘heavily/greatly’. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 θεόν | det | high | |
| 21 | θεόν | θεός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ὕειν | obj | high | Accusative object of ὕειν. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 ἔτυχε | punct | high | |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ἐκλείπουσιν | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἐκλείπουσιν | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ἔτυχε | conj | medium | Present coordinated clause; subject is οἱ Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 25 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 26 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐκλείπουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 φρουράν | det | high | |
| 28 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐκλείπουσιν | obj | high | |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 24 ἐκλείπουσιν | punct | high |
τὸ γὰρ ὕδωρ ἐβιάζετο σφᾶς ἀθρόον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταχεόμενον, οὔτε ἐπάλξεων ἐνῳκοδομημένων οὔτε πύργων ὑπὸ σπουδῆς τοῦ τειχισμοῦ, καὶ ἅμα οὐδὲ κινήσεσθαι τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἤλπιζον ἐν ἀσελήνῳ νυκτὶ καὶ οὕτω χειμερίῳ.
The sentence contains coordinated main predicates (ἐβιάζετο and ἤλπιζον) and an elliptical οὔτε...οὔτε construction; attachment of the genitive defensive-works phrases is therefore somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | ADV | _ | 4 ἐβιάζετο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐβιάζετο | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐβιάζετο | βιάζω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 4 ἐβιάζετο | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἀθρόον | ἀθρόος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καταχεόμενον | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative modifying the participial description of the water. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 9 οὐρανοῦ | case | high | |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 οὐρανοῦ | det | high | |
| 9 | οὐρανοῦ | οὐρανός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 καταχεόμενον | obl | high | |
| 10 | καταχεόμενον | καταχέω | VERB | V-PPN-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 3 ὕδωρ | acl | medium | Agreeing with ὕδωρ; middle/passive form is morphologically ambiguous. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐβιάζετο | punct | high | |
| 12 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 σπουδῆς | cc | high | Coordinates the genitive phrase with the following οὔτε phrase. |
| 13 | ἐπάλξεων | ἔπαλξις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐνῳκοδομημένων | obl | medium | Genitive within the coordinated construction; exact attachment is elliptical. |
| 14 | ἐνῳκοδομημένων | ἐνοικοδομέω | VERB | V-RPP-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Passive | 4 ἐβιάζετο | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute-like/elliptical participial phrase, with ἐπάλξεων understood as its subject. |
| 15 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 πύργων | cc | high | |
| 16 | πύργων | πύργος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 σπουδῆς | obl | medium | Coordinated genitive complement in an elliptical defensive-works phrase. |
| 17 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 18 σπουδῆς | case | high | |
| 18 | σπουδῆς | σπουδή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 τειχισμοῦ | obl | medium | Genitive of cause/agency with ὑπό; phrase modifies the participial construction. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 τειχισμοῦ | det | high | |
| 20 | τειχισμοῦ | τειχισμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 σπουδῆς | nmod | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἤλπιζον | punct | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 28 ἤλπιζον | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 ἤλπιζον | advmod | high | |
| 24 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 κινήσεσθαι | advmod | high | Negative coordinator/particle introducing the infinitival complement. |
| 25 | κινήσεσθαι | κινέω | VERB | V-FMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Future|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Middle | 28 ἤλπιζον | ccomp | high | |
| 26 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 Λακεδαιμονίους | det | high | |
| 27 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 κινήσεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 28 | ἤλπιζον | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main finite predicate; coordination with the preceding clause makes root selection structurally ambiguous. |
| 29 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 31 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 30 | ἀσελήνῳ | ἀσέληνος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 νυκτὶ | amod | high | |
| 31 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 κινήσεσθαι | obl | high | |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 34 χειμερίῳ | cc | high | |
| 33 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 34 χειμερίῳ | advmod | high | |
| 34 | χειμερίῳ | χειμέριος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 νυκτὶ | conj | high | Coordinated predicative/attributive description of νυκτί. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἤλπιζον | punct | high |