Grammar parses for passage 4.20.6
Open translation for this passage
ἀνδρὸς οὖν τῶν Μεσσηνίων τῶν οὐκ ἐντὸς τείχους ἐχόντων οἴκησιν γυναῖκα εἶδεν ἐφʼ ὕδωρ ἐλθοῦσαν· ἐρασθεὶς δὲ διαλεχθῆναί τε ἐτόλμησε καὶ δοὺς δῶρα συγγίνεται.
The genitive phrase ἀνδρὸς ... ἐχόντων οἴκησιν is a genitive absolute-like descriptive construction dependent on εἶδεν, with γυναῖκα as the object and ἐλθοῦσαν as its predicative participle; ἐρασθείς introduces the subsequent coordinated actions of the man.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἶδεν | obl | medium | Genitive of the man whose wife/home context is described. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | Adverb | _ | 12 εἶδεν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Dd-gpn | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 4 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Np-gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the man as Messenian. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Dd-gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐχόντων | det | high | |
| 6 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | Tn | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἐχόντων | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADV | Dq | _ | 8 τείχους | case | medium | Adverb functioning as a preposition with genitive. |
| 8 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-gsn | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐχόντων | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐντός. |
| 9 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | V-prapgpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἀνδρὸς | acl | medium | Substantival genitive participle, agreeing with τῶν Μεσσηνίων. |
| 10 | οἴκησιν | οἴκησις | NOUN | N-asn | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐχόντων | obj | high | |
| 11 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | N-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 εἶδεν | obj | high | Object of εἶδεν. |
| 12 | εἶδεν | ὁράω | VERB | V-aia3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist form, commonly lemmatized under ὁράω. |
| 13 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 14 ὕδωρ | case | high | Elided before ὕδωρ. |
| 14 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-asn | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐλθοῦσαν | obl | high | Accusative complement of ἐπί. |
| 15 | ἐλθοῦσαν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-aapafsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 γυναῖκα | acl | high | Participial predicate agreeing with γυναῖκα. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἶδεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐρασθεὶς | ἐράω | VERB | V-appmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 21 ἐτόλμησε | advcl | high | Refers to the man; passive aorist participle, ‘having fallen in love’. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐτόλμησε | cc | high | |
| 19 | διαλεχθῆναί | διαλέγομαι | VERB | V-anp | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 21 ἐτόλμησε | xcomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive with middle/deponent lexical sense ‘converse’. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 διαλεχθῆναί | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 21 | ἐτόλμησε | τολμάω | VERB | V-aia3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 25 συγγίνεται | conj | high | Coordinated with συγγίνεται. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 συγγίνεται | cc | high | |
| 23 | δοὺς | δίδωμι | VERB | V-aapmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 συγγίνεται | advcl | high | Nominative participle sharing the subject of συγγίνεται. |
| 24 | δῶρα | δῶρον | NOUN | N-apn | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 δοὺς | obj | high | |
| 25 | συγγίνεται | συγγίνομαι | VERB | V-pmi3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second finite verb after the punctuation; can be treated as a coordinated discourse continuation, though punctuation makes root attachment debatable. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 συγγίνεται | punct | high |
καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου τὸν ἄνδρα παρεφύλασσεν αὐτῆς, ὁπότε ἀποχωρήσειεν ἐς τὴν φρουράν.
The imperfect παρεφύλασσεν takes τὸν ἄνδρα as object and αὐτῆς as a genitive dependent on φυλάσσω/παραφυλάσσω; ὁπότε introduces a repeated/indefinite temporal clause with optative ἀποχωρήσειεν (potential or oblique optative), whose subject is understood as ὁ ἄνδρα. The antecedent of τούτου is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 τούτου | case | high | |
| 3 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | D-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | obl | medium | Neuter genitive demonstrative; ἀπὸ τούτου is an ablatival temporal/source phrase, antecedent context-dependent. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἄνδρα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | obj | high | |
| 6 | παρεφύλασσεν | παραφυλάσσω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on παραφυλάσσω; syntactic interpretation is context-sensitive. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 10 ἀποχωρήσειεν | mark | high | |
| 10 | ἀποχωρήσειεν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-AAA-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | advcl | medium | Aorist optative in an indefinite/repeated temporal clause; understood subject likely τὸν ἄνδρα. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 13 φρουράν | case | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 φρουράν | det | high | |
| 13 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀποχωρήσειεν | obl | high | |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | punct | high |
ἀνὰ μέρος δὲ τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις τῆς ἀκροπόλεως ἐπήγετο ἡ φυλακή· ταύτῃ γὰρ τοὺς πολεμίους μάλιστα ἐδεδοίκεσαν μὴ ὑπερβῶσιν αὐτοῖς ἐς τὴν πόλιν.
The first clause describes the guard being assigned in turn to the Messenians over the acropolis; ταύτῃ is an instrumental/locative adverb meaning ‘by this route/side’, and μὴ ὑπερβῶσιν is a fear clause with a third-plural subject referring to the enemies and dative αὐτοῖς marking the affected possessors/side.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 2 μέρος | case | high | Preposition governing μέρος in the adverbial phrase ἀνὰ μέρος. |
| 2 | μέρος | μέρος | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπήγετο | obl | high | Accusative in the distributive/adverbial phrase ἀνὰ μέρος, ‘in turn’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐπήγετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπήγετο | iobj | high | Dative recipient/party assigned the guard duty. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀκροπόλεως | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀκροπόλεως | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπήγετο | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on the guarding/assignment context, ‘of the acropolis’; exact attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 8 | ἐπήγετο | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle/passive-form verb, here ‘was brought/assigned’ or ‘was conducted’. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 φυλακή | det | high | |
| 10 | φυλακή | φυλακή | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπήγετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπήγετο, ‘the guard/watch’. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἐπήγετο | punct | high | |
| 12 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | ADV | D-ADF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | advmod | medium | Dative demonstrative used adverbially, likely ‘by this side/route’. |
| 13 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 14 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πολεμίους | det | high | |
| 15 | πολεμίους | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the enemies’. |
| 16 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, ‘especially/most’. |
| 17 | ἐδεδοίκεσαν | δείδω | VERB | V-LAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect-like perfect form of δείδω with past meaning, ‘they had feared’; second clause is coordinated paratactically with the preceding clause. |
| 18 | μὴ | μή | PART | Q | Polarity=Neg | 19 ὑπερβῶσιν | mark | high | Negative marker introducing the fear clause. |
| 19 | ὑπερβῶσιν | ὑπερβαίνω | VERB | V-AAS-3P | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | ccomp | high | Subjunctive in the object/fear clause, ‘lest they cross over’. |
| 20 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 19 ὑπερβῶσιν | obl | medium | Dative associated with crossing, likely ‘to/against them’ or marking their territory; antecedent is contextually understood. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 23 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition governing πόλιν. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 23 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ὑπερβῶσιν | obl | high | Directional accusative phrase ἐς τὴν πόλιν, ‘into the city’. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | punct | high |
ὁπότε οὖν οὗτος ἀποχωρήσειε, τηνικαῦτα ὁ βουκόλος ἐφοίτα παρὰ τὴν γυναῖκα.
Temporal ὁπότε-clause: ἀποχωρήσειε is an optative in a subordinate temporal clause, with οὗτος as subject; τηνικαῦτα introduces the corresponding main-clause time, where ὁ βουκόλος is subject and ἐφοίτα the predicate. παρὰ + accusative expresses motion toward/visiting the woman.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | ADV | PronType=Rel | 4 ἀποχωρήσειε | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | PART | _ | 4 ἀποχωρήσειε | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PDNMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἀποχωρήσειε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀποχωρήσειε. |
| 4 | ἀποχωρήσειε | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-3SAO- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἐφοίτα | advcl | medium | Aorist active optative in temporal clause; exact syntactic value may be iterative/generalizing. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 ἀποχωρήσειε | punct | high | |
| 6 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 ἐφοίτα | advmod | high | Correlative temporal adverb, ‘then/at that time’. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 βουκόλος | det | high | |
| 8 | βουκόλος | βουκόλος | NOUN | N-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐφοίτα | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐφοίτα. |
| 9 | ἐφοίτα | φοιτάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate; imperfect denotes repeated/ongoing visits. |
| 10 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 12 γυναῖκα | case | high | With accusative, indicates motion toward or visiting. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 γυναῖκα | det | high | |
| 12 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | N-AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐφοίτα | obl | high | Goal/recipient of the visit with παρὰ. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 ἐφοίτα | punct | high |