Grammar parses for passage 4.20.6
Open translation for this passage
οὗτος ὁ βουκόλος ἔνεμεν οὐ πόρρω τῆς Νέδας.
Straightforward main clause with adverbial phrase πόρρω τῆς Νέδας modifying the verb; οὗτος ὁ βουκόλος is the subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PD--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 3 βουκόλος | det | high | Demonstrative modifying βουκόλος. |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 βουκόλος | det | high | Article with βουκόλος. |
| 3 | βουκόλος | βουκόλος | NOUN | NN--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔνεμεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔνεμεν. |
| 4 | ἔνεμεν | νέμω | VERB | V3IAAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, treated as root. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PN | _ | 6 πόρρω | advmod | high | Negation modifying πόρρω. |
| 6 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | D--------- | _ | 4 ἔνεμεν | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of the verb. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Νέδας | det | high | Article with Νέδας. |
| 8 | Νέδας | Νέδα | PROPN | NN--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πόρρω | nmod | high | Genitive complement with πόρρω. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔνεμεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἀνδρὸς οὖν τῶν Μεσσηνίων τῶν οὐκ ἐντὸς τείχους ἐχόντων οἴκησιν γυναῖκα εἶδεν ἐφʼ ὕδωρ ἐλθοῦσαν· ἐρασθεὶς δὲ διαλεχθῆναί τε ἐτόλμησε καὶ δοὺς δῶρα συγγίνεται.
The first half has a dense genitive chain modifying οἴκησιν; the second half uses two circumstantial participles coordinated to the main narrative verbs.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 οἴκησιν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of οἴκησιν. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 12 εἶδεν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίων. |
| 4 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | medium | Part of nested genitive phrase; could also be adjectival/proper-name use. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ἐχόντων | det | high | Article with ἐχόντων. |
| 6 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐχόντων | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 7 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADP | _ | _ | 9 ἐχόντων | case | high | Preposition/postposition governing τείχους. |
| 8 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐντὸς | obl | high | Object of ἐντός. |
| 9 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 οἴκησιν | acl | high | Participial modifier of οἴκησιν. |
| 10 | οἴκησιν | οἴκησις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | medium | Head of the genitive phrase; attachment to ἀνδρὸς is syntactic/semantic. |
| 11 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 εἶδεν | obj | high | Direct object of εἶδεν. |
| 12 | εἶδεν | ὁράω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 13 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 15 ἐλθοῦσαν | case | high | Elided preposition. |
| 14 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐλθοῦσαν | obl | high | Object of ἐπί in a directional phrase. |
| 15 | ἐλθοῦσαν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 γυναῖκα | acl | high | Participial modifier of γυναῖκα. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἶδεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 17 | ἐρασθεὶς | ἐράω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 21 ἐτόλμησε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἐτόλμησε. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 21 ἐτόλμησε | discourse | high | Weak connective. |
| 19 | διαλεχθῆναί | διαλέγω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 21 ἐτόλμησε | obj | medium | Complementary infinitive; voice/form somewhat unusual in context. |
| 20 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 19 διαλεχθῆναί | advmod | high | Enclitic connective on infinitive. |
| 21 | ἐτόλμησε | τολμάω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause main verb. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 δοὺς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 23 | δοὺς | δίδωμι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 συγγίνεται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying συγγίνεται. |
| 24 | δῶρα | δῶρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 δοὺς | obj | high | Object of δοὺς. |
| 25 | συγγίνεται | συγγίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 21 ἐτόλμησε | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐτόλμησε. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐτόλμησε | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου τὸν ἄνδρα παρεφύλασσεν αὐτῆς, ὁπότε ἀποχωρήσειεν ἐς τὴν φρουράν.
The phrase αὐτῆς is syntactically ambiguous; it is most naturally taken as a genitive dependent on the main verb, though the exact semantic relation is context-sensitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking to prior context. |
| 2 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 3 τούτου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 3 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | obl | high | Demonstrative pronoun functioning as prepositional complement. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἄνδρα | det | high | Article modifying ἄνδρα. |
| 5 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | obj | high | Direct object of παρεφύλασσεν. |
| 6 | παρεφύλασσεν | παραφυλάσσω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 7 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | obl | medium | Likely genitive of the person watched; relation somewhat context-dependent. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 9 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἀποχωρήσειεν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause. |
| 10 | ἀποχωρήσειεν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | advcl | high | Optative in temporal subordinate clause. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | Case=Acc | 13 φρουράν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 φρουράν | det | high | Article modifying φρουράν. |
| 13 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀποχωρήσειεν | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρεφύλασσεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀνὰ μέρος δὲ τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις τῆς ἀκροπόλεως ἐπήγετο ἡ φυλακή· ταύτῃ γὰρ τοὺς πολεμίους μάλιστα ἐδεδοίκεσαν μὴ ὑπερβῶσιν αὐτοῖς ἐς τὴν πόλιν.
Two coordinated/main clauses are present: ἐπήγετο with a distributive locative phrase, then an explanatory clause with ἐδεδοίκεσαν and a μὴ-complement clause of feared outcome.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | _ | _ | 2 μέρος | case | high | governs μέρος in distributive phrase |
| 2 | μέρος | μέρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπήγετο | obl | high | adverbial/distributive phrase with ἀνά |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἐπήγετο | discourse | high | postpositive connective |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | article with ethnonym |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπήγετο | obl | high | dative of reference/interest |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀκροπόλεως | det | high | article with ἀκροπόλεως |
| 7 | ἀκροπόλεως | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπήγετο | nmod | high | genitive dependent of μέρος/phrase |
| 8 | ἐπήγετο | ἐπάγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 φυλακή | det | high | article with subject |
| 10 | φυλακή | φυλακή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπήγετο | nsubj | high | subject of ἐπήγετο |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπήγετο | punct | high | interpunct |
| 12 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | obl | medium | likely dative of means/location or reference |
| 13 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | discourse | high | explanatory particle |
| 14 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πολεμίους | det | high | article with πολεμίους |
| 15 | πολεμίους | πολέμιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | obj | high | substantivized adjective 'the enemies' |
| 16 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | advmod | high | degree adverb |
| 17 | ἐδεδοίκεσαν | δείδω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Plu|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | pluperfect form with imperfective sense in narrative |
| 18 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | _ | 19 ὑπερβῶσιν | mark | high | negator in fear clause |
| 19 | ὑπερβῶσιν | ὑπερβαίνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | ccomp | high | complement clause after verb of fearing |
| 20 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 19 ὑπερβῶσιν | iobj | medium | dative with verb, likely indirect object/advantagive |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 23 πόλιν | case | high | governs πόλιν |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πόλιν | det | high | article with πόλιν |
| 23 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ὑπερβῶσιν | obl | high | goal of ἐς |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐδεδοίκεσαν | punct | high | sentence-final punctuation |