Grammar parses for passage 4.20.4
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἦν γάρ τι ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις, ἔμελλε δὲ ἀφανισθὲν ὑποβρύχιον τὴν Μεσσήνην κρύψειν τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα.
The sentence has two coordinated clauses: ἦν τι ... τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις, followed by ἔμελλε ... κρύψειν. The neuter participle ἀφανισθέν modifies the understood subject of κρύψειν (the concealed thing), while τὴν Μεσσήνην is its object; ὑποβρύχιον is a predicative/resultative adjunct. The final phrase τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα is an accusative duration.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 2 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V- Impf Act Ind 3 Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect of εἰμί. |
| 3 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | Part | _ | 2 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τι | τις | PRON | Indef Nom/Acc Neut Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 2 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Neuter indefinite pronoun, nominative subject; form is syncretic with accusative. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 ἀπορρήτῳ | case | high | |
| 6 | ἀπορρήτῳ | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A- Dat Neut Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἦν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective with ἐν. |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Art Dat Masc Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | |
| 8 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N Dat Masc Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἦν | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference with ἦν τι. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἔμελλε | μέλλω | VERB | V- Impf Act Ind 3 Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 2 ἦν | conj | high | Imperfect with complementary infinitive κρύψειν. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 10 ἔμελλε | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἀφανισθὲν | ἀφανίζω | VERB | V- Aor Pas Ptcp Nom Acc Neut Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 κρύψειν | advcl | medium | Neuter aorist passive participle, agreeing with an implicit neuter subject of κρύψειν; nominative/accusative is syncretic. |
| 13 | ὑποβρύχιον | ὑποβρύχιος | ADJ | A- Nom Acc Neut Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 κρύψειν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective describing the implicit subject/object affected by κρύψειν; case is syncretic. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art Acc Fem Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Μεσσήνην | det | high | |
| 15 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N Acc Fem Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 κρύψειν | obj | high | |
| 16 | κρύψειν | κρύπτω | VERB | V- Fut Act Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ἔμελλε | xcomp | high | Complementary future infinitive governed by ἔμελλε. |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art Acc Masc Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 αἰῶνα | det | high | |
| 18 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A- Acc Masc Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 αἰῶνα | amod | high | |
| 19 | αἰῶνα | αἰών | NOUN | N Acc Masc Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κρύψειν | obl | high | Accusative of duration. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high |
τοῦτο δὴ ὁ Ἀριστομένης ἅτε ἐπιστάμενος τοὺς χρησμούς, ἐπεὶ νὺξ ἐγίνετο, ἐκόμιζε.
τοῦτο is the fronted object of ἐκόμιζε; ἅτε with the circumstantial participle ἐπιστάμενος gives causal/explanatory force. ἐπεὶ introduces a temporal clause with νὺξ as subject of ἐγίνετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-an-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 ἐκόμιζε | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 14 ἐκόμιζε | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---NM-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀριστομένης | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐκόμιζε | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐπιστάμενος | mark | high | |
| 6 | ἐπιστάμενος | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | VPPP-SNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐκόμιζε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, with ἅτε, giving causal force. |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 χρησμούς | det | high | |
| 8 | χρησμούς | χρησμός | NOUN | N2---AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπιστάμενος | obj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπιστάμενος | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐγίνετο | mark | high | Temporal conjunction. |
| 11 | νὺξ | νύξ | NOUN | N1---FN-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐγίνετο | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3IIM-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐκόμιζε | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐγίνετο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐκόμιζε | κομίζω | VERB | V3IIA-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐκόμιζε | punct | high |
παραγενόμενος δὲ ἔνθα τῆς Ἰθώμης ἦν τὸ ἐρημότατον, κατώρυξεν ἐς Ἰθώμην τὸ ὄρος.
The participle παραγενόμενος is circumstantial with κατώρυξεν; ἔνθα introduces a locative clause with ἦν, whose subject is τὸ ἐρημότατον, modified by the genitive τῆς Ἰθώμης. The final τὸ ὄρος is the accusative object of κατώρυξεν; Ἰθώμην is an accusative of place/direction with ἐς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παραγενόμενος | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | V-2A-AMP-NMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 10 κατώρυξεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist middle participle, subject understood as the main-clause subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 κατώρυξεν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | ADV | PronType=Rel | 6 ἦν | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb introducing the clause. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- GSF | Case=Genitive|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 5 Ἰθώμης | det | high | Genitive feminine article. |
| 5 | Ἰθώμης | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 ἐρημότατον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐρημότατον, ‘the most deserted part of Ithome’. |
| 6 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-I3SIA | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 10 κατώρυξεν | advcl | high | Copular/locative verb in the ἔνθα clause. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nominative|Definite=Def|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 8 ἐρημότατον | det | high | Article with the substantivized superlative. |
| 8 | ἐρημότατον | ἐρῆμος | ADJ | A-SNS | Case=Nominative|Degree=Superlative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 6 ἦν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter superlative, subject of ἦν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κατώρυξεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | κατώρυξεν | κατορύσσω | VERB | V-AAI3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 12 Ἰθώμην | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 12 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 κατώρυξεν | obl | high | Goal/directional accusative phrase, ‘into Ithome’. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 14 ὄρος | det | high | Article with the object noun. |
| 14 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 10 κατώρυξεν | obj | high | Direct object of κατώρυξεν. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κατώρυξεν | punct | high |
καὶ Δία Ἰθώμην ἔχοντα καὶ θεοὺς οἳ Μεσσηνίους ἐς ἐκεῖνο ἔσωζον φύλακας μεῖναι τῆς παρακαταθήκης αἰτούμενος, μηδὲ ἐπὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις ποιῆσαι τὴν μόνην καθόδου Μεσσηνίοις ἐλπίδα.
Participial construction: αἰτούμενος governs the complementary infinitives μεῖναι and ποιῆσαι; Δία Ἰθώμην ἔχοντα and θεοὺς ... φύλακας are coordinated objects of μεῖναι. The relative clause modifies θεούς; ἐπί + dative with ποιῆσαι means acting against/at the expense of the Lacedaemonians. Some attachment choices are necessarily interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 Δία | cc | high | |
| 2 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔχοντα | obj | high | Name of Zeus. |
| 3 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἔχοντα | obj | high | Place-name, object of ἔχοντα. |
| 4 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 μεῖναι | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Δία. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 θεοὺς | cc | high | |
| 6 | θεοὺς | θεός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 μεῖναι | obj | high | |
| 7 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-RNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 11 ἔσωζον | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent θεούς. |
| 8 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔσωζον | obj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 ἐκεῖνο | case | high | |
| 10 | ἐκεῖνο | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | D-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 ἔσωζον | obl | high | Temporal/limit expression with εἰς. |
| 11 | ἔσωζον | σῴζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 οἳ | acl:relcl | high | |
| 12 | φύλακας | φύλαξ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 μεῖναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with μεῖναι; alternatively tightly appositional to θεούς. |
| 13 | μεῖναι | μένω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 αἰτούμενος | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by αἰτούμενος. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 παρακαταθήκης | det | high | |
| 15 | παρακαταθήκης | παρακαταθήκη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φύλακας | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on φύλακας: guardians of the deposit. |
| 16 | αἰτούμενος | αἰτέω | VERB | V-PMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main nominative participle; understood subject from context. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 αἰτούμενος | punct | high | |
| 18 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ποιῆσαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival complement. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Λακεδαιμονίοις | case | high | |
| 20 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ποιῆσαι | obl | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 21 | ποιῆσαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 αἰτούμενος | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement of αἰτούμενος. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 μόνην | det | high | |
| 23 | μόνην | μόνος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 καθόδου | amod | high | |
| 24 | καθόδου | κάθοδος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐλπίδα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐλπίδα. |
| 25 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἐλπίδα | iobj | high | Dative of the persons for whom the hope exists. |
| 26 | ἐλπίδα | ἐλπίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ποιῆσαι | obj | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 αἰτούμενος | punct | high |