Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.21.10

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Passage 4.21.10

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4sentences parsed

104Greek tokens

3,222input tokens

7,397output tokens

Sentence 1

4.21.10 sentence 1

Tokens: 17
Input: 709
Output: 1,293
Total: 2,002

παραστὰς οὖν ὁ μάντις Θέοκλος πρὸς Ἀριστομένην εἶπε· "τί μάτην τόνδε ἔχεις τὸν πόνον;

Participial παραστὰς is subordinate to εἶπε; Θέοκλος is the subject of εἶπε and μάντις is its appositive. The quoted question has τί as a substantival accusative object of ἔχεις, with τόνδε...τὸν πόνον as a second accusative object/predicative object phrase; the exact construction is mildly uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	παραστὰς	παρίστημι	VERB	AAP-NSM	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	8 εἶπε	advcl	high	Aorist active participle, circumstantial to εἶπε.
2	οὖν	οὖν	ADV	ADV	_	8 εἶπε	advmod	high	Inferential connective.
3	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	4 μάντις	det	high
4	μάντις	μάντις	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	5 Θέοκλος	appos	high	Apposition to the personal name.
5	Θέοκλος	Θέοκλος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	8 εἶπε	nsubj	high	Subject of εἶπε.
6	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	P	_	7 Ἀριστομένην	case	high
7	Ἀριστομένην	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	8 εἶπε	obl	high	Addressee with πρός.
8	εἶπε	λέγω	VERB	V-3SAI	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=Third\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Main-clause verb.
9	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	8 εἶπε	punct	high
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἔχεις	punct	high	Opening quotation mark.
11	τί	τίς	PRON	P-ASN	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	14 ἔχεις	obj	medium	Substantival interrogative accusative; possibly analyzed as an idiomatic object alongside τόνδε...πόνον.
12	μάτην	μάτην	ADV	ADV	_	14 ἔχεις	advmod	high	Adverb modifying ἔχεις.
13	τόνδε	ὅδε	DET	D-ASM	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	16 πόνον	det	high	Demonstrative determiner.
14	ἔχεις	ἔχω	VERB	V-2PAI	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=Second\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	8 εἶπε	ccomp	high	Finite verb of the quoted direct question.
15	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	16 πόνον	det	high
16	πόνον	πόνος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	14 ἔχεις	obj	high	Accusative object of ἔχεις.
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἔχεις	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.21.10 sentence 2

Tokens: 23
Input: 805
Output: 1,759
Total: 2,564

ἁλῶναι Μεσσήνην πάντως ἐστὶ πεπρωμένον, συμφορὰν δὲ τὴν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς πάλαι τε ἡμῖν προεσήμαινεν ἡ Πυθία καὶ ἔναγχος ὁ ἐρινεὸς ἔδειξεν.

Infinitival subject ἁλῶναι Μεσσήνην is governed by impersonal πεπρωμένον ἐστίν; συμφοράν is a coordinated accusative object/topic, with τὴν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς modifying it. The adverbs πάλαι and ἔναγχος contrast the earlier oracle with the recent omen. ἡ Πυθία and ὁ ἐρινεός are coordinated subjects of προεσήμαινεν and ἔδειξεν respectively.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἁλῶναι	ἁλίσκομαι	VERB	V--ANM--	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	5 πεπρωμένον	nsubj	high	Articular/subject infinitive in the passive aorist.
2	Μεσσήνην	Μεσσήνη	PROPN	Ne-S-A---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἁλῶναι	obj	high	Accusative object of the infinitive.
3	πάντως	πάντως	ADV	D--------	_	5 πεπρωμένον	advmod	high
4	ἐστὶ	εἰμί	AUX	V--SPI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	5 πεπρωμένον	cop	high	Copula with predicative πεπρωμένον.
5	πεπρωμένον	πορθέω	VERB	V-RPP-SNA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal neuter participial predicate.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 πεπρωμένον	punct	high
7	συμφορὰν	συμφορά	NOUN	N-S-A---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 προεσήμαινεν	obj	medium	Accusative object of προεσήμαινεν/ἔδειξεν by shared coordination; semantically the foretold misfortune.
8	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	15 προεσήμαινεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
9	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S-AF---S-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 συμφορὰν	det	high
10	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	11 ὀφθαλμοῖς	case	high
11	ὀφθαλμοῖς	ὀφθαλμός	NOUN	N-DM---P-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 συμφορὰν	nmod	high	Prepositional modifier of τὴν συμφοράν.
12	πάλαι	πάλαι	ADV	D--------	_	15 προεσήμαινεν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb modifying προεσήμαινεν.
13	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	15 προεσήμαινεν	cc	high	Correlative coordinator with καί.
14	ἡμῖν	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1-D---P-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=1	15 προεσήμαινεν	iobj	high	Dative recipient/experiencer.
15	προεσήμαινεν	προσημαίνω	VERB	V-IAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	5 πεπρωμένον	parataxis	medium	First coordinated finite verb; relation to the following ἔδειξεν is syntactically loose.
16	ἡ	ὁ	DET	S-NF---S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 Πυθία	det	high
17	Πυθία	Πυθία	PROPN	Ne-S-N---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 προεσήμαινεν	nsubj	high
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	22 ἔδειξεν	cc	high	Coordinates ἔδειξεν with προεσήμαινεν.
19	ἔναγχος	ἔναγχος	ADV	D--------	_	22 ἔδειξεν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb meaning recently.
20	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S-NM---S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 ἐρινεὸς	det	high
21	ἐρινεὸς	ἐρινεός	NOUN	N-S-N---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ἔδειξεν	nsubj	high	Fig tree as the omen's subject.
22	ἔδειξεν	δείκνυμι	VERB	V-AAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	15 προεσήμαινεν	conj	high	Second coordinated finite verb.
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 πεπρωμένον	punct	high

Sentence 3

4.21.10 sentence 3

Tokens: 29
Input: 832
Output: 2,015
Total: 2,847

ἐμοὶ μὲν οὖν ὁ θεὸς αὐτῷ κοινὴν πρὸς τὴν πατρίδα ἐπάγει τὴν τελευτήν· σὺ δὲ σώζειν μὲν ὡς δυνάμεως ἥκεις Μεσσηνίους, σώζειν δὲ καὶ σαυτόν."

The sentence has two coordinated finite predicates, ἐπάγει and ἥκεις; the first σώζειν is linked to ἥκεις in an idiomatic purpose/ability construction, with ὡς δυνάμεως syntactically difficult and therefore marked uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐμοὶ	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1-S-D-	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	11 ἐπάγει	iobj	high	Dative of perspective/agent.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G-------	_	11 ἐπάγει	discourse	high
3	οὖν	οὖν	PART	G-------	_	11 ἐπάγει	discourse	high
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S---NM-S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 θεὸς	det	high
5	θεὸς	θεός	NOUN	N--NM-S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἐπάγει	nsubj	high
6	αὐτῷ	αὐτός	PRON	P-S---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	11 ἐπάγει	iobj	medium	Dative of reference/association with ἐπάγει.
7	κοινὴν	κοινός	ADJ	A---AF-S-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 τελευτήν	amod	high
8	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	R--------	_	10 πατρίδα	case	high
9	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S---AF-S-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	10 πατρίδα	det	high
10	πατρίδα	πατρίς	NOUN	N---AF-S-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 κοινὴν	obl	high	Object of πρός within the adjective phrase.
11	ἐπάγει	ἐπάγω	VERB	V-PIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
12	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S---AF-S-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 τελευτήν	det	high
13	τελευτήν	τελευτή	NOUN	N---AF-S-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἐπάγει	obj	high
14	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἐπάγει	punct	high
15	σὺ	σύ	PRON	P-2-S-N---	Case=Nom\|Number=Sing\|Person=2\|PronType=Prs	21 ἥκεις	nsubj	high
16	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	21 ἥκεις	cc	high
17	σώζειν	σώζω	VERB	V- PNA----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	21 ἥκεις	xcomp	medium	Infinitive coordinated with σώζειν; construction governed semantically by ἥκεις.
18	μὲν	μέν	PART	G-------	_	17 σώζειν	discourse	high
19	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C--------	_	21 ἥκεις	mark	medium	Introduces the manner/degree clause with δυνατός understood.
20	δυνάμεως	δύναμις	NOUN	N---GF-S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ὡς	obl	low	Genitive in the idiomatic ὡς δυνάμεως phrase; exact attachment is uncertain.
21	ἥκεις	ἥκω	VERB	V-PIA-2S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=2\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second coordinated clause; first clause is verbless/elliptical around this predicate.
22	Μεσσηνίους	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	A---AM-P-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 σώζειν	obj	high	Ethnic noun used substantivally.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	21 ἥκεις	punct	high
24	σώζειν	σώζω	VERB	V- PNA----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	21 ἥκεις	xcomp	high	Second infinitive in μέν...δέ coordination.
25	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	24 σώζειν	cc	high
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	27 σαυτόν	advmod	high	Scalar/additive καί modifying the reflexive object.
27	σαυτόν	σεαυτόν	PRON	P-2-S-AM--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=2\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	24 σώζειν	obj	high	Reflexive object of the second σώζειν.
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	21 ἥκεις	punct	high
29	"	"	PUNCT	_	_	21 ἥκεις	punct	high

Sentence 4

4.21.10 sentence 4

Tokens: 35
Input: 876
Output: 2,330
Total: 3,206

ἐπεὶ δὲ εἶπε πρὸς τοῦτον, ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἔθει· καί οἱ καὶ ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἔπεισιν ἐκβοῆσαι τοσόνδε· "ἀλλʼ οὔ τοι τὸν πάντα γε χρόνον χαίροντες καρπώσεσθε τὰ Μεσσηνίων."

The passage contains an initial temporal clause (ἐπεὶ εἶπε), a coordinated motion/action clause with impersonal ἔπεισιν + infinitive, and a quoted future declaration. The quoted τὰ Μεσσηνίων is substantival, with an elliptical head noun understood from context.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐπεὶ	ἐπεί	SCONJ	CONJ	_	3 εἶπε	mark	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 εἶπε	cc	high
3	εἶπε	λέγω	VERB	V3SAAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	10 ἔθει	advcl	high	Temporal clause governing the following action.
4	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	PREP	_	5 τοῦτον	case	high
5	τοῦτον	οὗτος	PRON	PD-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	3 εἶπε	obl	high
6	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	3 εἶπε	punct	high
7	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	9 πολεμίους	case	high
8	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	DA-PM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	9 πολεμίους	det	high
9	πολεμίους	πολέμιος	ADJ	A-PM	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἔθει	obl	high	Substantivized adjective.
10	ἔθει	εἶμι	VERB	V3SIAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Ionic imperfective form; interpreted as 'he was going/advanced'.
11	·	·	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	10 ἔθει	punct	high
12	καί	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 ἔπεισιν	cc	high
13	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	RP3-SD	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	18 ἔπεισιν	iobj	medium	Enclitic dative pronoun; orthography overlaps article.
14	καὶ	καί	ADV	ADV	Degree=Pos	18 ἔπεισιν	advmod	high	Also/indeed.
15	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	17 Λακεδαιμονίους	case	high
16	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	DA-PM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	17 Λακεδαιμονίους	det	high
17	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	NE-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἔπεισιν	obl	high
18	ἔπεισιν	ἔπειμι	VERB	V3SPIA	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	10 ἔθει	conj	medium	Impersonal construction with infinitive.
19	ἐκβοῆσαι	ἐκβοάω	VERB	V--AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	18 ἔπεισιν	xcomp	high
20	τοσόνδε	τοσόσδε	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 ἐκβοῆσαι	obj	high	Accusative extent/object with the infinitive.
21	·	·	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	18 ἔπεισιν	punct	high
22	"	"	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	31 καρπώσεσθε	punct	high
23	ἀλλʼ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	CONJ	_	31 καρπώσεσθε	cc	high
24	οὔ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	31 καρπώσεσθε	advmod	high
25	τοι	τοι	PART	PART	_	31 καρπώσεσθε	discourse	medium	Emphatic particle.
26	τὸν	ὁ	DET	DA-SM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	29 χρόνον	det	high
27	πάντα	πᾶς	ADJ	AASM	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 χρόνον	amod	high	With χρόνον: the whole time.
28	γε	γε	PART	PART	_	31 καρπώσεσθε	discourse	high
29	χρόνον	χρόνος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 καρπώσεσθε	obl	high	Accusative duration.
30	χαίροντες	χαίρω	VERB	V-PAPMPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	31 καρπώσεσθε	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle, 'rejoicing'.
31	καρπώσεσθε	καρπόω	VERB	V2PFMI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=2\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Quoted speech is a second root-like clause; future middle.
32	τὰ	ὁ	DET	DA-PN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	33 Μεσσηνίων	det	high
33	Μεσσηνίων	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	NE-GP	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur	31 καρπώσεσθε	obj	medium	Genitive dependent on an omitted or understood noun; article τὰ is substantivizing.
34	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	31 καρπώσεσθε	punct	high
35	"	"	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	31 καρπώσεσθε	punct	high

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