Grammar parses for passage 4.21.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐν μὲν δὴ νυκτὶ οὐδὲν ἄξιον ἐπράχθη λόγου παρʼ οὐδετέρων·
Impersonal passive construction: οὐδὲν ἄξιον λόγου is the neuter subject/predicate-like phrase, with παρʼ οὐδετέρων marking the two parties as agents/source; ἐν νυκτί is temporal.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | Polarity=Pos | 3 δὴ | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart is understood or follows contextually. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | Polarity=Pos | 7 ἐπράχθη | discourse | high | |
| 4 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπράχθη | obl | high | Temporal dative with ἐν. |
| 5 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | PX-SNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 7 ἐπράχθη | nsubj:pass | medium | Neuter nominative, functioning as the subject of the impersonal passive. |
| 6 | ἄξιον | ἄξιος | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 οὐδὲν | amod | high | |
| 7 | ἐπράχθη | πράσσω | VERB | V3SAPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἄξιον | obl | medium | Genitive of worth/value with ἄξιος: ‘worth mentioning’. |
| 9 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 10 οὐδετέρων | case | high | Elided before οὐδετέρων. |
| 10 | οὐδετέρων | οὐδέτερος | PRON | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 7 ἐπράχθη | obl:agent | high | Genitive with παρά marking the agents of the passive. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπράχθη | punct | high |
τοῖς μὲν γὰρ ἡ ἀπειρία τῶν τόπων καὶ ἡ τόλμα τοῦ Ἀριστομένους παρεῖχε μελλησμόν, τοῖς δὲ Μεσσηνίοις οὔτε παρὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν σύνθημα ἐγεγόνει φθάνοντας εἰληφέναι τάς τε δᾷδας, ἢ εἴ τινα λαμπτῆρα ἀλλοῖον ἅψαιτό τις, ὕων ἂν ἐσβέννυεν ὁ θεός.
The sentence contrasts the opposing datives τοῖς μέν and τοῖς δέ; the construction around σύνθημα ἐγεγόνει, φθάνοντας εἰληφέναι is elliptical, and ὕων is morphologically/constructionally unusual, so those analyses are marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | article-dat.pl.masc/neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπειρία | iobj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | part | _ | 16 τοῖς | cc:preconj | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | part | _ | 13 παρεῖχε | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | article-nom.sg.fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπειρία | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀπειρία | ἀπειρία | NOUN | noun-nom.sg.fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 παρεῖχε | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article-gen.pl.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 τόπων | det | high | |
| 7 | τόπων | τόπος | NOUN | noun-gen.pl.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπειρία | nmod | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 10 τόλμα | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | article-nom.sg.fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τόλμα | det | high | |
| 10 | τόλμα | τόλμα | NOUN | noun-nom.sg.fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 παρεῖχε | nsubj | high | Coordinated with ἀπειρία. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | article-gen.sg.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀριστομένους | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | proper-gen.sg.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τόλμα | nmod | high | |
| 13 | παρεῖχε | παρέχω | VERB | verb-imperf-act-ind-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | μελλησμόν | μελλησμός | NOUN | noun-acc.sg.masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παρεῖχε | obj | high | |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 παρεῖχε | punct | high | |
| 16 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | article-dat.pl.masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | part | _ | 18 Μεσσηνίοις | cc | high | |
| 18 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | proper-dat.pl.masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐγεγόνει | iobj | high | Dative counterpart to τοῖς μέν. |
| 19 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | conj | _ | 23 σύνθημα | cc | high | Correlative negative conjunction. |
| 20 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | prep-gen | _ | 22 στρατηγῶν | case | high | |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article-gen.pl.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 στρατηγῶν | det | high | |
| 22 | στρατηγῶν | στρατηγός | NOUN | noun-gen.pl.masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 σύνθημα | nmod | high | |
| 23 | σύνθημα | σύνθημα | NOUN | noun-nom/acc.sg.neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐγεγόνει | nsubj | medium | Neuter subject of ἐγεγόνει; nominative and accusative are syncretic. |
| 24 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | verb-plup-act-ind-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Act | 13 παρεῖχε | conj | high | Pluperfect with sense ‘had come to exist/been given’. |
| 25 | φθάνοντας | φθάνω | VERB | verb-pres-act-inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 26 εἰληφέναι | advcl | medium | Infinitive in the sequence with εἰληφέναι; exact control relation is elliptical. |
| 26 | εἰληφέναι | λαμβάνω | VERB | verb-perf-act-inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 24 ἐγεγόνει | xcomp | medium | Infinitival complement/idea associated with σύνθημα ἐγεγόνει. |
| 27 | τάς | ὁ | DET | article-acc.pl.fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 δᾷδας | det | high | |
| 28 | τε | τε | CCONJ | conj | _ | 29 δᾷδας | cc | high | |
| 29 | δᾷδας | δαΐς | NOUN | noun-acc.pl.fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 εἰληφέναι | obj | high | |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high | |
| 31 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 36 ἅψαιτό | cc | high | Introduces an alternative condition. |
| 32 | εἴ | εἰ | SCONJ | subordinating-conjunction | _ | 36 ἅψαιτό | mark | high | |
| 33 | τινα | τις | DET | indef-acc.sg.masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 λαμπτῆρα | det | high | |
| 34 | λαμπτῆρα | λαμπτήρ | NOUN | noun-acc.sg.masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 ἅψαιτό | obj | high | |
| 35 | ἀλλοῖον | ἀλλοῖος | ADJ | adj-acc.sg.masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 λαμπτῆρα | amod | high | |
| 36 | ἅψαιτό | ἅπτω | VERB | verb-aor-mid-opt-3sg | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 41 ἐσβέννυεν | advcl | high | Optative in a conditional protasis. |
| 37 | τις | τις | PRON | indef-nom.sg | Case=Nom|Number=Sing | 36 ἅψαιτό | nsubj | high | |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 ἅψαιτό | punct | high | |
| 39 | ὕων | ὕω | VERB | verb-pres-act-ptcp-nom.sg.masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 41 ἐσβέννυεν | advcl | medium | Participial description of the god; form and construction are textually unusual. |
| 40 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | particle | _ | 41 ἐσβέννυεν | aux | high | Modal particle with the optative/conditional construction. |
| 41 | ἐσβέννυεν | σβέννυμι | VERB | verb-imperf-act-ind-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 24 ἐγεγόνει | parataxis | high | Main verb of the later conditional statement. |
| 42 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-nom.sg.masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 θεός | det | high | |
| 43 | θεός | θεός | NOUN | noun-nom.sg.masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 ἐσβέννυεν | nsubj | high | |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 παρεῖχε | punct | high |