Grammar parses for passage 4.21.5
Open translation for this passage
ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἡμέρα τε ἦν καὶ ἀλλήλους καθορᾶν ἐδύναντο, ἐνταῦθα Ἀριστομένης καὶ Θέοκλος ἐπειρῶντο ἐς πᾶσαν ἀπόνοιαν προάγειν τοὺς Μεσσηνίους, ἄλλα τε ὁπόσα εἰκὸς ἦν διδάσκοντες καὶ Σμυρναίων τὰ τολμήματα ἀναμιμνήσκοντες, ὡς Ἰώνων μοῖρα ὄντες Γύγην τὸν Δασκύλου καὶ Λυδοὺς ἔχοντας σφῶν τὴν πόλιν ὑπὸ ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίας ἐκβάλοιεν.
The sentence has a main clause with participial elaborations and a final ὡς-clause expressing reported purpose/result; the most difficult point is the nesting of ὄντες and ἔχοντας inside that clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπειδὴ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | mark | high | Temporal/subordinate conjunction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | advmod | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡμέρα | ἡμέρα | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 5 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἡμέρα | cc | medium | Correlative connective with καί. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=IND|Number=SG|Person=3|Tense=IMP|Voice=ACT | 15 ἐπειρῶντο | advcl | high | Finite verb in temporal clause. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἐδύναντο | cc | high | Links the two coordinated verbs. |
| 7 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 8 καθορᾶν | obj | high | Object of καθορᾶν. |
| 8 | καθορᾶν | καθοράω | VERB | _ | Tense=PRES|VerbForm=INF|Voice=ACT | 9 ἐδύναντο | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐδύναντο. |
| 9 | ἐδύναντο | δύναμαι | VERB | _ | Mood=IND|Number=PL|Person=3|Tense=IMP|Voice=MID | 5 ἦν | conj | medium | Main finite verb coordinated with ἦν under ἐπειδὴ. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐδύναντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | _ | _ | 15 ἐπειρῶντο | advmod | high | Locative adverb modifying the next main clause. |
| 12 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 15 ἐπειρῶντο | nsubj | high | First subject of ἐπειρῶντο. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 Ἀριστομένης | cc | high | Coordination. |
| 14 | Θέοκλος | Θέοκλος | PROPN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 12 Ἀριστομένης | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 15 | ἐπειρῶντο | πειράω | VERB | _ | Mood=IND|Number=PL|Person=3|Tense=IMP|Voice=MID | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 18 ἀπόνοιαν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 17 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 18 ἀπόνοιαν | amod | high | Modifier of ἀπόνοιαν. |
| 18 | ἀπόνοιαν | ἀπόνοια | NOUN | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 19 προάγειν | obl | medium | Goal/extent phrase with εἰς. |
| 19 | προάγειν | προάγω | VERB | _ | Tense=PRES|VerbForm=INF|Voice=ACT | 15 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | Complement of ἐπειρῶντο. |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 21 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | Determiner of Μεσσηνίους. |
| 21 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 19 προάγειν | obj | high | Object of προάγειν. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐπειρῶντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=PL | 28 διδάσκοντες | obj | medium | Accusative neuter plural as object of implied teaching/saying. |
| 24 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 23 ἄλλα | cc | high | Correlative connective. |
| 25 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=PL | 26 εἰκὸς | nsubj | medium | Subject of εἰκὸς ἦν. |
| 26 | εἰκὸς | εἰκός | ADJ | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG | 27 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with ἦν. |
| 27 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=IND|Number=SG|Person=3|Tense=IMP|Voice=ACT | 28 διδάσκοντες | aux | medium | Copular auxiliary in the relative clause. |
| 28 | διδάσκοντες | διδάσκω | VERB | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=PL|Tense=PRES|VerbForm=PTCP|Voice=ACT | 15 ἐπειρῶντο | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the main subject. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 33 ἀναμιμνήσκοντες | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 30 | Σμυρναίων | Σμυρναῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=GEN|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 32 τολμήματα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of τολμήματα. |
| 31 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=PL | 32 τολμήματα | det | high | Determiner of τολμήματα. |
| 32 | τολμήματα | τόλμημα | NOUN | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=PL | 33 ἀναμιμνήσκοντες | obj | high | Object of ἀναμιμνήσκοντες. |
| 33 | ἀναμιμνήσκοντες | ἀναμιμνήσκω | VERB | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=PL|Tense=PRES|VerbForm=PTCP|Voice=ACT | 15 ἐπειρῶντο | advcl | high | Participial clause coordinated with διδάσκοντες. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἀναμιμνήσκοντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 35 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 52 ἐκβάλοιεν | mark | high | Introduces reported/result clause. |
| 36 | Ἰώνων | Ἴων | PROPN | _ | Case=GEN|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 37 μοῖρα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of μοῖρα. |
| 37 | μοῖρα | μοῖρα | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 38 ὄντες | nsubj | high | Subject of ὄντες. |
| 38 | ὄντες | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=PL|Tense=PRES|VerbForm=PTCP|Voice=ACT | 52 ἐκβάλοιεν | advcl | high | Participial condition/circumstance within ὡς-clause. |
| 39 | Γύγην | Γύγης | PROPN | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 44 ἔχοντας | obj | medium | Object of ἔχοντας. |
| 40 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 41 Δασκύλου | det | high | Determiner of Δασκύλου. |
| 41 | Δασκύλου | Δάσκυλος | PROPN | _ | Case=GEN|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 39 Γύγην | nmod | medium | Genitive epithet/descriptor of Γύγην. |
| 42 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 39 Γύγην | cc | high | Coordinates objects. |
| 43 | Λυδοὺς | Λυδός | PROPN | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 44 ἔχοντας | obj | high | Second object of ἔχοντας. |
| 44 | ἔχοντας | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=PL|Tense=PRES|VerbForm=PTCP|Voice=ACT | 38 ὄντες | xcomp | high | Participial complement dependent on ὄντες. |
| 45 | σφῶν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=GEN|Number=PL|Person=3|Poss=Yes | 47 πόλιν | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive with πόλιν. |
| 46 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 47 πόλιν | det | high | Determiner of πόλιν. |
| 47 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 44 ἔχοντας | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντας. |
| 48 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 49 ἀρετῆς | case | high | Introduces genitive cause/agency phrase. |
| 49 | ἀρετῆς | ἀρετή | NOUN | _ | Case=GEN|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 52 ἐκβάλοιεν | obl | high | Oblique phrase with ὑπό. |
| 50 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 49 ἀρετῆς | cc | high | Coordinates genitives. |
| 51 | προθυμίας | προθυμία | NOUN | _ | Case=GEN|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 49 ἀρετῆς | conj | high | Second genitive coordinated with ἀρετῆς. |
| 52 | ἐκβάλοιεν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=OPT|Number=PL|Person=3|Tense=AOR|Voice=ACT | 38 ὄντες | advcl | high | Optative verb within ὡς-clause. |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐπειρῶντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |