Grammar parses for passage 4.21.6
Open translation for this passage
οἱ Μεσσήνιοι δὲ ἀκούοντες ἀπονοίας τε ἐνεπίμπλαντο καὶ συνιστάμενοι καθʼ ὁπόσους ἕκαστοι τύχοιεν ἐφέροντο ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους·
The main predicate is ἐνεπίμπλαντο, coordinated with ἐφέροντο; ἀκούοντες and συνιστάμενοι are circumstantial participles agreeing with Μεσσήνιοι. καθʼ ὁπόσους ἕκαστοι τύχοιεν is an idiomatic distributive temporal/relative phrase; the precise force of τύχοιεν is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 2 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Nbmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἀκούοντες | ἀκούω | VERB | VPPANM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 5 | ἀπονοίας | ἀπόνοια | NOUN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο | obj | medium | Object of ἐνεπίμπλαντο; genitive with the verb's filling sense. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἀπονοίας | cc | high | Correlative with καί at token 8. |
| 7 | ἐνεπίμπλαντο | ἐμπίπλημι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Deponent/middle form; ‘were filled with’ or ‘filled themselves with’. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐφέροντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second main predicate. |
| 9 | συνιστάμενοι | συνίστημι | VERB | VPPMNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐφέροντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 10 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ὁπόσους | case | high | Elided before the relative form. |
| 11 | ὁπόσους | ὁπόσος | ADJ | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 τύχοιεν | obl | medium | Relative quantifier; governs or modifies an implicit group/object. |
| 12 | ἕκαστοι | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 τύχοιεν | nsubj | high | Substantivized subject of τύχοιεν. |
| 13 | τύχοιεν | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-AOA-3P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ὁπόσους | acl:relcl | low | Optative in a relative/distributive construction; exact aspect and syntactic attachment are uncertain. |
| 14 | ἐφέροντο | φέρω | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate; middle has passive/deponent-like force, ‘were carried/went’. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Λακεδαιμονίους | det | high | |
| 17 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Nbmp | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐφέροντο | obl | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο | punct | high |
ὥρμησαν δὲ καὶ γυναῖκες τῷ κεράμῳ καὶ ὅτῳ δύναιτο ἑκάστη τοὺς πολεμίους βάλλειν.
The coordinated dative phrases τῷ κεράμῳ and ὅτῳ are instruments under βάλλειν; ὅτῳ δύναιτο is an indefinite relative clause, with ἑκάστη as its subject and βάλλειν as its complementary infinitive. The exact sense of δύναιτο is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὥρμησαν | ὁρμάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 1 ὥρμησαν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 4 γυναῖκες | cc | high | Coordinates γυναῖκες with the preceding implicit group/subject. |
| 4 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N-NNF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ὥρμησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κεράμῳ | case | high | |
| 6 | κεράμῳ | κέραμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 βάλλειν | obl:instr | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 8 ὅτῳ | cc | high | Coordinates the second instrumental dative phrase. |
| 8 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | RI-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 δύναιτο | obl:instr | medium | Indefinite-relative/instrumental dative, ‘whatever [object]’. |
| 9 | δύναιτο | δύναμαι | VERB | V-PNO-3S | Mood=Optative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 8 ὅτῳ | acl:relcl | medium | Optative in an indefinite relative clause; syntactically elliptical in sense. |
| 10 | ἑκάστη | ἕκαστος | PRON | A-NNF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 δύναιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 πολεμίους | det | high | |
| 12 | πολεμίους | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 βάλλειν | obj | high | |
| 13 | βάλλειν | βάλλω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 9 δύναιτο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of δύναμαι; governs τοὺς πολεμίους and the instrumental datives. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ὥρμησαν | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ μὴ δρᾶσαι σφᾶς μηδὲ ἐπιβῆναι τῶν τεγῶν τοῦ ὄμβρου τὸ βίαιον ἐπεκώλυε· λαβεῖν δὲ ὅπλα ἐτόλμησαν καὶ τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐπὶ πλέον αὗται τὴν τόλμαν ἐξῆψαν, ὁπότε καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας ἑώρων προτιμώσας συναπολέσθαι τῇ πατρίδι ἢ ἀχθῆναι δούλας ἐς Λακεδαίμονα, ὥστε κἂν παρελθεῖν ἐδυνήθησαν τὸ πεπρωμένον·
The passage has coordinated main predicates ἐτόλμησαν, ἐξῆψαν, and ἐδυνήθησαν; the ὥστε clause is consecutive, with παρελθεῖν dependent on ἐδυνήθησαν. The participial clause προτιμώσας συναπολέσθαι ἢ ἀχθῆναι is an accusative-and-infinitive complement under ἑώρων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπεκώλυε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | P | _ | 15 ἐπεκώλυε | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | P | _ | 15 ἐπεκώλυε | discourse | high | |
| 4 | μὴ | μή | PART | P | Polarity=Neg | 5 δρᾶσαι | advmod | high | |
| 5 | δρᾶσαι | δράω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 ἐπεκώλυε | csubj | medium | Articular infinitive-like subject phrase coordinated with ἐπιβῆναι. |
| 6 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | PPA | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 5 δρᾶσαι | obj | high | |
| 7 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | C | Polarity=Neg | 8 ἐπιβῆναι | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἐπιβῆναι | ἐπιβαίνω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 δρᾶσαι | conj | high | |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DA-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 τεγῶν | det | high | |
| 10 | τεγῶν | τέγος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπιβῆναι | obl | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ὄμβρου | det | high | |
| 12 | ὄμβρου | ὄμβρος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τεγῶν | nmod | high | |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 βίαιον | det | high | |
| 14 | βίαιον | βίαιος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπεκώλυε | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the violence/force’. |
| 15 | ἐπεκώλυε | ἐπικωλύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐπεκώλυε | punct | high | |
| 17 | λαβεῖν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 ἐτόλμησαν | ccomp | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 20 ἐτόλμησαν | cc | high | |
| 19 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 λαβεῖν | obj | high | |
| 20 | ἐτόλμησαν | τολμάω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated main clause; elliptical subject refers to the women. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 29 ἐξῆψαν | cc | high | |
| 22 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἀνδράσιν | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐξῆψαν | iobj | medium | Dative with ἐξάπτω, ‘inspired/rekindled courage in the men’. |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P-DAT | _ | 25 πλέον | case | high | |
| 25 | πλέον | πλείων | ADV | A-NSN-COMP | Degree=Cmp | 29 ἐξῆψαν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘to a greater extent’. |
| 26 | αὗται | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 ἐξῆψαν | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 τόλμαν | det | high | |
| 28 | τόλμαν | τόλμα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐξῆψαν | obj | high | |
| 29 | ἐξῆψαν | ἐξάπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 ἐτόλμησαν | conj | high | |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐξῆψαν | punct | high | |
| 31 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 35 ἑώρων | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D | _ | 35 ἑώρων | advmod | high | Also/even, modifying the temporal clause. |
| 33 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | DA-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 34 γυναῖκας | det | high | |
| 34 | γυναῖκας | γυνή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 35 ἑώρων | obj | high | |
| 35 | ἑώρων | ὁράω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 29 ἐξῆψαν | advcl | high | |
| 36 | προτιμώσας | προτιμάω | VERB | V-PAP-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 35 ἑώρων | xcomp | high | Participial complement of ἑώρων with accusative subject γυναῖκας. |
| 37 | συναπολέσθαι | συναπόλλυμι | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 36 προτιμώσας | xcomp | high | |
| 38 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | DA-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 πατρίδι | det | high | |
| 39 | πατρίδι | πατρίς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 συναπολέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of association/identification with the homeland. |
| 40 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 41 ἀχθῆναι | cc | high | |
| 41 | ἀχθῆναι | ἄγω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 36 προτιμώσας | conj | high | |
| 42 | δούλας | δοῦλος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 41 ἀχθῆναι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative, ‘as slaves’. |
| 43 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P-ACC | _ | 44 Λακεδαίμονα | case | high | |
| 44 | Λακεδαίμονα | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 ἀχθῆναι | obl | high | |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 41 ἀχθῆναι | punct | high | |
| 46 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | C | _ | 49 ἐδυνήθησαν | mark | high | Consecutive clause. |
| 47 | κἂν | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 48 παρελθεῖν | advmod | medium | Crasis καὶ ἄν; ἄν is not separately tokenized. |
| 48 | παρελθεῖν | παρέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 49 ἐδυνήθησαν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in consecutive construction. |
| 49 | ἐδυνήθησαν | δύναμαι | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 29 ἐξῆψαν | conj | medium | Aorist passive morphology of δύναμαι; semantically middle/deponent. |
| 50 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 51 πεπρωμένον | det | high | |
| 51 | πεπρωμένον | πορρω | VERB | V-RMP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 48 παρελθεῖν | obj | low | Substantivized perfect passive participle, ‘what was fated’; lemma uncertain, conventionally related to πορθέω/πεπρωμένος in this expression. |
| 52 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 49 ἐδυνήθησαν | punct | high |