Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.21.6

← 4.21.5 4.21.7 →

Passage 4.21.6

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

84Greek tokens

2,584input tokens

6,258output tokens

Sentence 1

4.21.6 sentence 1

Tokens: 18
Input: 757
Output: 1,370
Total: 2,127

οἱ Μεσσήνιοι δὲ ἀκούοντες ἀπονοίας τε ἐνεπίμπλαντο καὶ συνιστάμενοι καθʼ ὁπόσους ἕκαστοι τύχοιεν ἐφέροντο ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους·

The participles ἀκούοντες and συνιστάμενοι are coordinated modifiers of Μεσσήνιοι; καθʼ ὁπόσους ἕκαστοι τύχοιεν is a subordinate comparative/distributive phrase modifying ἐφέροντο.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	2 Μεσσήνιοι	det	high	Article with following noun.
2	Μεσσήνιοι	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐνεπίμπλαντο.
3	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
4	ἀκούοντες	ἀκούω	VERB	PAP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	2 Μεσσήνιοι	advcl	high	Participial clause modifying Μεσσήνιοι.
5	ἀπονοίας	ἀπόνοια	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο	obj	medium	Likely genitive object/partitive with ἐνεπίμπλαντο; syntax somewhat uncertain.
6	τε	τε	PART	_	_	5 ἀπονοίας	cc	high	Correlative connective linked to καί.
7	ἐνεπίμπλαντο	ἐμπίμπλημι	VERB	VIIP--3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	14 ἐφέροντο	cc	high	Coordinates participial clause/verb phrase.
9	συνιστάμενοι	συνίστημι	VERB	PAP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	2 Μεσσήνιοι	advcl	high	Coordinate participle modifying Μεσσήνιοι.
10	καθʼ	κατά	ADP	_	Case=Acc	11 ὁπόσους	case	high	Preposition governing ὁπόσους.
11	ὁπόσους	ὁπόσος	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἐφέροντο	obl	medium	Introduces comparative/distributive phrase; head relation somewhat uncertain.
12	ἕκαστοι	ἕκαστος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 τύχοιεν	nsubj	high	Subject of τύχοιεν.
13	τύχοιεν	τυγχάνω	VERB	VAAO--3P	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	14 ἐφέροντο	advcl	high	Verb in subordinate clause.
14	ἐφέροντο	φέρω	VERB	VIIP--3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο	conj	high	Second coordinated main predicate with καί.
15	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	Case=Acc	17 Λακεδαιμονίους	case	high	Preposition.
16	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	17 Λακεδαιμονίους	det	high	Article with following noun.
17	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἐφέροντο	obl	high	Goal of motion with ἐς.
18	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἐνεπίμπλαντο	punct	high	Sentence-ending punctuation.

Sentence 2

4.21.6 sentence 2

Tokens: 14
Input: 696
Output: 1,094
Total: 1,790

ὥρμησαν δὲ καὶ γυναῖκες τῷ κεράμῳ καὶ ὅτῳ δύναιτο ἑκάστη τοὺς πολεμίους βάλλειν.

The syntax is a coordinated subject with an instrumental dative, plus a relative/indefinite clause headed by ὅτῳ and an infinitival complement; the exact construal of ὅτῳ/δύναιτο is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὥρμησαν	ὁρμάω	VERB	V-3AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	PRT	_	1 ὥρμησαν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 γυναῖκες	cc	high	Links the coordinated subject with the previous one.
4	γυναῖκες	γυνή	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	1 ὥρμησαν	nsubj	high	Subject of ὥρμησαν.
5	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 κεράμῳ	det	high	Article with κεράμῳ.
6	κεράμῳ	κεράμος	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ὥρμησαν	obl	high	Dative of means/instrument.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 ὅτῳ	cc	high	Coordinates the relative/indefinite clause with the previous phrase.
8	ὅτῳ	ὅς	PRON	R-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	13 βάλλειν	obl	medium	Likely relative pronoun; functionally 'with whatever' / 'with whatever means'.
9	δύναιτο	δύναμαι	VERB	V-3PMO-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	8 ὅτῳ	acl:relcl	medium	Potential optative in indirect relative clause; morphology somewhat uncertain.
10	ἑκάστη	ἕκαστος	ADJ	A-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 βάλλειν	nsubj	high	Subject of infinitive βάλλειν.
11	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	12 πολεμίους	det	high	Article with πολεμίους.
12	πολεμίους	πολέμιος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 βάλλειν	obj	high	Substantivized adjective as object of βάλλειν.
13	βάλλειν	βάλλω	VERB	V-PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	9 δύναιτο	xcomp	medium	Infinitival complement dependent on δύναιτο.
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ὥρμησαν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

4.21.6 sentence 3

Tokens: 52
Input: 1,131
Output: 3,794
Total: 4,925

τοῦτο μὲν δὴ μὴ δρᾶσαι σφᾶς μηδὲ ἐπιβῆναι τῶν τεγῶν τοῦ ὄμβρου τὸ βίαιον ἐπεκώλυε· λαβεῖν δὲ ὅπλα ἐτόλμησαν καὶ τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐπὶ πλέον αὗται τὴν τόλμαν ἐξῆψαν, ὁπότε καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας ἑώρων προτιμώσας συναπολέσθαι τῇ πατρίδι ἢ ἀχθῆναι δούλας ἐς Λακεδαίμονα, ὥστε κἂν παρελθεῖν ἐδυνήθησαν τὸ πεπρωμένον·

The syntax is heavily paratactic: two main coordinated verbs (ἐπεκώλυε, ἐξῆψαν), with several infinitival complements and a temporal/result sequence that attaches to the second main clause.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 ἐπεκώλυε	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐπεκώλυε.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	1 τοῦτο	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	G--------	_	15 ἐπεκώλυε	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
4	μὴ	μή	PART	G--------	_	5 δρᾶσαι	advmod	high	Negates infinitive.
5	δρᾶσαι	δράω	VERB	V-AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	15 ἐπεκώλυε	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive.
6	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	Pp-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	5 δρᾶσαι	obj	medium	Likely object of δρᾶσαι; form/number somewhat uncertain.
7	μηδὲ	μηδέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	8 ἐπιβῆναι	cc	high	Coordinates infinitives with negation.
8	ἐπιβῆναι	ἐπιβαίνω	VERB	V-AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	5 δρᾶσαι	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive.
9	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	10 τεγῶν	det	high	Article modifying τεγῶν.
10	τεγῶν	τέγη	NOUN	N-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	8 ἐπιβῆναι	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἐπιβῆναι.
11	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 ὄμβρου	det	high	Article modifying ὄμβρου.
12	ὄμβρου	ὄμβρος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 βίαιον	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of βίαιον.
13	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 βίαιον	det	high	Article modifying βίαιον.
14	βίαιον	βίαιος	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 ἐπεκώλυε	obj	high	Accusative substantive, likely subject matter of prevent/impede clause.
15	ἐπεκώλυε	ἐπεκωλύω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of first clause.
16	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐπεκώλυε	punct	high	Punctuation.
17	λαβεῖν	λαμβάνω	VERB	V-AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	20 ἐτόλμησαν	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive with ἐτόλμησαν.
18	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	20 ἐτόλμησαν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
19	ὅπλα	ὅπλον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 λαβεῖν	obj	high	Object of λαβεῖν.
20	ἐτόλμησαν	τολμάω	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	29 ἐξῆψαν	advcl	medium	Main verb of second clause, dependent on ἐξῆψαν; coordination context makes attachment somewhat uncertain.
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	29 ἐξῆψαν	cc	high	Coordinates predicate.
22	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	23 ἀνδράσιν	det	high	Article modifying ἀνδράσιν.
23	ἀνδράσιν	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	29 ἐξῆψαν	iobj	high	Dative of indirect object with ἐξῆψαν.
24	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	AdpType=Prep	25 πλέον	case	high	Preposition.
25	πλέον	πολύς	ADV	D--------	_	29 ἐξῆψαν	advmod	medium	Adverbial modifier; could be from comparative phrase.
26	αὗται	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	29 ἐξῆψαν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐξῆψαν.
27	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	28 τόλμαν	det	high	Article modifying τόλμαν.
28	τόλμαν	τόλμα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἐξῆψαν	obj	high	Direct object of ἐξῆψαν.
29	ἐξῆψαν	ἐξάπτω	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second main predicate; sentence coordination with first clause.
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐξῆψαν	punct	high	Punctuation.
31	ὁπότε	ὁπότε	SCONJ	C--------	_	35 ἑώρων	mark	high	Introduces temporal clause.
32	καὶ	καί	PART	G--------	_	35 ἑώρων	advmod	medium	Emphatic/additive particle.
33	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	34 γυναῖκας	det	high	Article modifying γυναῖκας.
34	γυναῖκας	γυνή	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	35 ἑώρων	obj	high	Object of ἑώρων.
35	ἑώρων	ὁράω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	29 ἐξῆψαν	advcl	high	Temporal/relative clause dependent on ἐξῆψαν.
36	προτιμώσας	προτιμάω	VERB	V-AAP-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	34 γυναῖκας	acl	medium	Participle agreeing with γυναῖκας; syntactic relation somewhat uncertain.
37	συναπολέσθαι	συναπόλλυμι	VERB	V-ANM	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	36 προτιμώσας	xcomp	high	Complement infinitive of προτιμώσας.
38	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	39 πατρίδι	det	high	Article modifying πατρίδι.
39	πατρίδι	πατρίς	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 συναπολέσθαι	iobj	high	Dative with συναπολέσθαι.
40	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	C--------	_	41 ἀχθῆναι	cc	high	Coordinates alternative infinitive.
41	ἀχθῆναι	ἄγω	VERB	V-AAN-P	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	37 συναπολέσθαι	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive.
42	δούλας	δοῦλος	ADJ	A-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	41 ἀχθῆναι	xcomp	medium	Predicative complement with passive infinitive; could also be object-like in sense.
43	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	AdpType=Prep	44 Λακεδαίμονα	case	high	Preposition.
44	Λακεδαίμονα	Λακεδαίμων	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	41 ἀχθῆναι	obl	high	Goal of ἐς.
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	35 ἑώρων	punct	high	Punctuation.
46	ὥστε	ὥστε	SCONJ	C--------	_	49 ἐδυνήθησαν	mark	high	Result clause marker.
47	κἂν	καί	PART	G--------	_	48 παρελθεῖν	advmod	medium	Enclitic compound particle; may mark concession/extension.
48	παρελθεῖν	παρέρχομαι	VERB	V-AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	49 ἐδυνήθησαν	xcomp	high	Infinitival complement with ἐδυνήθησαν.
49	ἐδυνήθησαν	δύναμαι	VERB	V-AIP-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	29 ἐξῆψαν	advcl	high	Result clause dependent on ἐξῆψαν.
50	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	51 πεπρωμένον	det	high	Article modifying πεπρωμένον.
51	πεπρωμένον	προρίζω	ADJ	V-PRN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	48 παρελθεῖν	obj	medium	Substantivized participle meaning 'what was fated'.
52	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐξῆψαν	punct	high	Punctuation.

← 4.21.5 4.21.7 →