Grammar parses for passage 4.21.3
Open translation for this passage
Ἀριστομένης δὲ καὶ ὁ μάντις ἠπίσταντο μὲν οὐδεμίαν ἔτι ἀναβολὴν ὀλέθρου Μεσσηνίοις οὖσαν, ἅτε εἰδότες καὶ τὸν χρησμὸν ὃν ᾐνίξατο ἐς τὸν τράγον· ἡ Πυθία, ἐπέκρυπτον δὲ οὐδὲν ἧσσον, καὶ ἦν σφισιν ἐς τοὺς ἄλλους ἀπόρρητον.
The passage contains two coordinated/loosely connected main clauses, and the final predicative adjective ἀπόρρητον is morphologically awkward in context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἠπίσταντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠπίσταντο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Ptls | _ | 6 ἠπίσταντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cnj | _ | 1 Ἀριστομένης | cc | medium | Coordinates Ἀριστομένης with ὁ μάντις. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 μάντις | det | high | Article with μάντις. |
| 5 | μάντις | μάντις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἀριστομένης | conj | medium | Likely coordinated subject with Ἀριστομένης. |
| 6 | ἠπίσταντο | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-IIM-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 ἠπίσταντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 8 | οὐδεμίαν | οὐδείς | DET | A-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 10 ἀναβολὴν | det | high | Determines ἀναβολήν. |
| 9 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 ἠπίσταντο | advmod | high | Modifies ἠπίσταντο. |
| 10 | ἀναβολὴν | ἀναβολή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἠπίσταντο | obj | high | Object/complement of ἠπίσταντο. |
| 11 | ὀλέθρου | ὄλεθρος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀναβολὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀναβολήν. |
| 12 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀναβολὴν | obl | high | Dative of reference/advantage with ἀναβολήν. |
| 13 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀναβολὴν | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἀναβολήν. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠπίσταντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | ἅτε | ἅτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 εἰδότες | mark | medium | Introduces causal participial phrase. |
| 16 | εἰδότες | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἠπίσταντο | advcl | high | Causal participle agreeing with subjects. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cnj | _ | 19 χρησμὸν | cc | high | Connects χρησμὸν with implied prior object. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 χρησμὸν | det | high | Article with χρησμὸν. |
| 19 | χρησμὸν | χρησμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 εἰδότες | obj | high | Object of εἰδότες. |
| 20 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 21 ᾐνίξατο | obj | high | Relative pronoun. |
| 21 | ᾐνίξατο | αἰνίσσομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 19 χρησμὸν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying χρησμὸν. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 ᾐνίξατο | case | high | Preposition governing τὸν τράγον. |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 τράγον | det | high | Article with τράγον. |
| 24 | τράγον | τράγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ᾐνίξατο | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ᾐνίξατο. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ᾐνίξατο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 26 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 Πυθία | det | high | Article with Πυθία. |
| 27 | Πυθία | Πυθία | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπέκρυπτον. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 29 | ἐπέκρυπτον | ἐπικρύπτω | VERB | V-IIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Likely a second main predicate; plural form may reflect impersonal/plural use or textual issue. |
| 30 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Ptls | _ | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 31 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | DET | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | obj | high | Object of ἐπέκρυπτον. |
| 32 | ἧσσον | ἧσσων | ADV | D-------- | _ | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier, comparative. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cnj | _ | 35 ἦν | cc | high | Connects final clause to previous one. |
| 35 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IXI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate of final clause. |
| 36 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 40 ἀπόρρητον | obl | medium | Dative of reference/possession. |
| 37 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 35 ἦν | case | high | Preposition governing τοὺς ἄλλους. |
| 38 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 39 ἄλλους | det | high | Article with ἄλλους. |
| 39 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ἦν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase dependent on ἦν. |
| 40 | ἀπόρρητον | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ἦν | xcomp | low | Likely predicate adjective with ἦν; form is grammatically unexpected, possibly for ἀπόρρητος/ἀπόρρητον. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐπιόντες δὲ τὴν πόλιν σπουδῇ καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας ἐρχόμενοι τοῖς τε ἐντυγχάνουσιν, ὁπότε αἰσθάνοιντο ὄντας Μεσσηνίους, παρεκελεύοντο ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς εἶναι καὶ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν ἀνεκάλουν τοὺς ἔτι ὑπολειπομένους.
Participial syntax is dense: ἐπιόντες and ἐρχόμενοι are circumstantial participles modifying the implied subject of παρεκελεύοντο/ἀνεκάλουν, while the ὁπότε-clause contains αἰσθάνοιντο with participial complement ὄντας Μεσσηνίους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιόντες | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | PAPMPN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with understood subject of main clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | EA-SAF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 4 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 4 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 ἐπιόντες | obj | high | Object of ἐπιόντες. |
| 5 | σπουδῇ | σπουδή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | obl | high | Dative of manner. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἐρχόμενοι | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 12 ἐντυγχάνουσιν | case | high | |
| 8 | πάντας | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 12 ἐντυγχάνουσιν | obl | medium | Likely substantive adjective with ἐντυγχάνουσιν. |
| 9 | ἐρχόμενοι | ἔρχομαι | VERB | PMPMPN | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | advcl | high | Second circumstantial participle. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | EA-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 12 ἐντυγχάνουσιν | det | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἐντυγχάνουσιν | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 12 | ἐντυγχάνουσιν | ἐντυγχάνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 9 ἐρχόμενοι | conj | medium | Coordinated with ἐρχόμενοι; governs dative. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 15 αἰσθάνοιντο | mark | high | |
| 15 | αἰσθάνοιντο | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | V-PAO-3P | Mood=Optative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | advcl | high | Temporal clause with ὁπότε. |
| 16 | ὄντας | εἰμί | VERB | PAPMPA | Aspect=Pres|Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 15 αἰσθάνοιντο | xcomp | high | Participial complement of αἰσθάνοιντο. |
| 17 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 16 ὄντας | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with ὄντας. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | punct | high | |
| 19 | παρεκελεύοντο | παρακελεύομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 20 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 22 εἶναι | obj | high | |
| 21 | ἀγαθοὺς | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 20 ἄνδρας | amod | high | |
| 22 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Present|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Active | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive after exhortation verb. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 ἀνεκάλουν | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 27 ἀνεκάλουν | case | high | |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | EA-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 26 οἰκιῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | οἰκιῶν | οἰκία | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 27 ἀνεκάλουν | obl | high | Governed by ἐκ. |
| 27 | ἀνεκάλουν | ἀνακαλέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Active | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 28 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | EA-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 30 ὑπολειπομένους | det | high | |
| 29 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 30 ὑπολειπομένους | advmod | high | |
| 30 | ὑπολειπομένους | ὑπολείπομαι | VERB | PMPMPA | Aspect=Imp|Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 27 ἀνεκάλουν | obj | high | Substantival participle as object of ἀνεκάλουν. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | punct | high |