Grammar parses for passage 4.21.3
Open translation for this passage
Ἀριστομένης δὲ καὶ ὁ μάντις ἠπίσταντο μὲν οὐδεμίαν ἔτι ἀναβολὴν ὀλέθρου Μεσσηνίοις οὖσαν, ἅτε εἰδότες καὶ τὸν χρησμὸν ὃν ᾐνίξατο ἐς τὸν τράγον· ἡ Πυθία, ἐπέκρυπτον δὲ οὐδὲν ἧσσον, καὶ ἦν σφισιν ἐς τοὺς ἄλλους ἀπόρρητον.
The first clause has ἠπίσταντο governing an accusative-plus-participial construction (οὐδεμίαν ἀναβολὴν ... οὖσαν); ἅτε εἰδότες gives causal circumstance. In the final clause, ἦν is existential/copular with ἀπόρρητον as predicate adjective and σφισιν as dative of reference; ἐς τοὺς ἄλλους is complement of ἀπόρρητον. The subject of ἐπέκρυπτον is the coordinated pair Ἀριστομένης and ὁ μάντις, with omitted object understood from context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἠπίσταντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 ἠπίσταντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 5 μάντις | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | ----SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μάντις | det | high | |
| 5 | μάντις | μάντις | NOUN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἠπίσταντο | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἠπίσταντο | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V3IIMI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 6 ἠπίσταντο | discourse | high | |
| 8 | οὐδεμίαν | οὐδείς | ADJ | A--SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀναβολὴν | amod | high | |
| 9 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 ἠπίσταντο | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἀναβολὴν | ἀναβολή | NOUN | N--SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἠπίσταντο | obj | high | |
| 11 | ὀλέθρου | ὄλεθρος | NOUN | N--SMG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀναβολὴν | nmod | high | |
| 12 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 οὖσαν | obl | medium | Dative of reference/affected party with οὖσαν. |
| 13 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAPA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀναβολὴν | acl | high | Predicative participle in the accusative-plus-participle construction. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠπίσταντο | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 16 εἰδότες | mark | high | |
| 16 | εἰδότες | οἶδα | VERB | V--XAPNM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἠπίσταντο | advcl | high | Perfect participle with present force. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 19 χρησμὸν | cc | high | |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | ----SMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 χρησμὸν | det | high | |
| 19 | χρησμὸν | χρησμός | NOUN | N--SMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 εἰδότες | obj | high | |
| 20 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P--SMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ᾐνίξατο | obj | high | |
| 21 | ᾐνίξατο | αἰνίσσομαι | VERB | V3SAMM---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 19 χρησμὸν | acl:relcl | high | |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 τράγον | case | high | |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | ----SMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 τράγον | det | high | |
| 24 | τράγον | τράγος | NOUN | N--SMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ᾐνίξατο | obl | high | |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠπίσταντο | punct | high | |
| 26 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | ----SFN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Πυθία | det | high | |
| 27 | Πυθία | Πυθία | PROPN | N--SFN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of ἐπέκρυπτον, though a shared subject with the preceding coordinated pair is also syntactically possible. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | punct | high | |
| 29 | ἐπέκρυπτον | ἐπικρύπτω | VERB | V3IIAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 6 ἠπίσταντο | conj | medium | Plural may support a shared subject with Ἀριστομένης and ὁ μάντις; Πυθία is singular, so subject assignment is uncertain. |
| 30 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | cc | high | |
| 31 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | P--SAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | obj | high | |
| 32 | ἧσσον | ἧσσον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, ‘none the less’. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | punct | high | |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 35 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 35 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπέκρυπτον | conj | high | Copular/existential clause coordinated with ἐπέκρυπτον. |
| 36 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DP-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 40 ἀπόρρητον | obl | high | Dative of reference. |
| 37 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 39 ἄλλους | case | high | |
| 38 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | ----PMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ἄλλους | det | high | |
| 39 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--PMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ἀπόρρητον | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the others’. |
| 40 | ἀπόρρητον | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A--SNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective; neuter singular is impersonal or agrees with an understood matter, despite the singular copula. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἦν | punct | high |
ἐπιόντες δὲ τὴν πόλιν σπουδῇ καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας ἐρχόμενοι τοῖς τε ἐντυγχάνουσιν, ὁπότε αἰσθάνοιντο ὄντας Μεσσηνίους, παρεκελεύοντο ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς εἶναι καὶ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν ἀνεκάλουν τοὺς ἔτι ὑπολειπομένους.
The participles ἐπιόντες and ἐρχόμενοι describe the understood subject of παρεκελεύοντο/ἀνεκάλουν; τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσιν is a dative participial complement, and ὁπότε introduces a temporal subordinate clause with optative αἰσθάνοιντο. ὄντας Μεσσηνίους is a predicative accusative participial complement, while ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς εἶναι is the infinitival content of παρεκελεύοντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιόντες | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | advcl | medium | Present active participle; subject is understood agents of παρεκελεύοντο/ἀνεκάλουν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 4 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπιόντες | obj | medium | Accusative object with ἐπιόντες, likely ‘approaching/attacking the city’. |
| 5 | σπουδῇ | σπουδή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπιόντες | obl | high | Dative of manner. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐρχόμενοι | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 πάντας | case | high | |
| 8 | πάντας | πᾶς | ADJ | A-PAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐρχόμενοι | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective governed by ἐπί; object of movement. |
| 9 | ἐρχόμενοι | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | advcl | high | Coordinated with ἐπιόντες. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐντυγχάνουσιν | det | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐντυγχάνουσιν | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 12 | ἐντυγχάνουσιν | ἐντυγχάνω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐρχόμενοι | obl | medium | Substantival dative participle, ‘those whom they met’; τε links it to the preceding phrase. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 15 αἰσθάνοιντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 15 | αἰσθάνοιντο | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | V-2AOM-3P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | advcl | high | Temporal optative, with generic/repeated force. |
| 16 | ὄντας | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 αἰσθάνοιντο | xcomp | medium | Accusative participle dependent on αἰσθάνοιντο. |
| 17 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὄντας | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative complement of ὄντας. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | punct | high | |
| 19 | παρεκελεύοντο | παρακελεύομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 21 | ἀγαθοὺς | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἄνδρας | amod | high | |
| 22 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of παρεκελεύοντο. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἀνεκάλουν | cc | high | Coordinates ἀνεκάλουν with παρεκελεύοντο. |
| 24 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 οἰκιῶν | case | high | |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 οἰκιῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | οἰκιῶν | οἰκία | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 ἀνεκάλουν | obl | high | Source with ἐκ. |
| 27 | ἀνεκάλουν | ἀνακαλέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 28 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ὑπολειπομένους | det | high | |
| 29 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 30 ὑπολειπομένους | advmod | high | |
| 30 | ὑπολειπομένους | ὑπολείπω | VERB | V-PPP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 27 ἀνεκάλουν | obj | high | Substantival participle, object of ἀνεκάλουν. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 παρεκελεύοντο | punct | high |